Graphics file format - Graphics file format Here is a summary of the most common graphics file formats: Common Raster Graphics Formats file extension MIME type proper name description .bmp image/bmp Windows Bitmap Commonly used by Microsoft Windows programs, and the Windows operating system itself. Lossless compression can be specified, but some programs use only uncompressed files. .fpx image/fpx ??? Flashpix (1.0.2) Uncompressed / lossy, 8-bit grayscale & 24-bit color. Provides multiple resolutions of each image. .gif image/gif Graphics Interchange Format Used extensively on the web, but sometimes avoided due to patent issues. Supports animated images. Supports only 255 colors per frame, so requires lossy quantization for full-color photos; using multiple frames can improve color precision. Uses non-lossy, patented LZW compression. This patent expired in 2003. .iff .ilbm ? Interchange.
File format - File format A file format is a particular way to encode data for storage in a computer file. Since hard drives store only bits, the computer must have some way of converting information to 0s and 1s and vice-versa. There are different kinds of formats for different kinds of information. However, within any format type e.g. word processor documents, there will typically be several different - and sometimes competing - formats. Formats are typically represented by an addition ("file extension") of 1 to 4 letters onto the file's name. For example, if a picture is stored using the JPEG format, the file would be mypicture.jpeg or the like. Other operating systems such as older versions of Mac OS did not require file extensions, but instead had.
Tagged Image File Format - Tagged Image File Format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a bitmap file format for images, created by Aldus for use with PostScript printing. TIFF became the de-facto standard graphics format for high bit-depth (32-bit) graphics, and is widely used in image manipulation programs like Photoshop, DTP, scanners, and can be directly manipulated by PostScript. TIFF includes a number of options that can be used to include all sorts of image formats in the file, this is the purpose of the "tags" that are included in a header. Many of these tags indicate simple geometry of the image, like its size, but others define how the data is arranged and various compression options. For instance, TIFF can be used as a container for JPEG or RLE compressed images,.
Computer Graphics Metafile - Computer Graphics Metafile Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is a file format for vector graphics. All graphical elements can be specified in a textual source file that can be compiled into a binary representation. Its roots are from the areas of technical illustration and professional design. But it shares a lot of functionality with other good formats like SVG or DXF..
List of file formats - List of file formats This is a list of file formats often seen on computers. Audio file formats Lossless Uncompressed AIFF au file format CDDA IFF-8SVX IFF-16SV RAW (raw samples without any header or sync) WAV Compressed FLAC (free as in freedom lossless codec of the Ogg project) Lossy MP2 MP3 Speex (Ogg project, specialized for voice, low bitrates) Vorbis (Ogg project, free and similar in principle to MP3) WMA MPC Music formats MID (standard MIDI file; most often just notes and controls but occasionally also sample dumps) NSF (bytecode program to play NES music) MOD (Soundtracker and Protracker sample and melody modules) S3M (ScreamTracker 3 module, with a few more effects and a dedicated volume column) XM (FastTracker module, adding instrument envelopes) IT (Impulse Tracker module,.
Vector graphics - Vector graphics Vector graphics describes the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons to represent images in computer graphics. It is used by contrast to the term raster graphics, which is the representation of images as a collection of pixels (dots). Virtually all current output devices must ultimately translate vector representations of an image to a raster format, but when working with vector graphics such a transformation is only done at the time the image is actually required and may be done completely differently depending on the device at which the rendering is to be targeted at. In the 1970's and 1980's, special vector graphics systems were available, in which the electron beam of the CRT display monitor was steered directly to trace.
Raster graphics - Raster graphics A raster graphics image, or bitmap, is a data file or structure that consists of a generally rectangular array of pixels, or points of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device. Each pixel has a corresponding red, green, and blue value that combine to determine the colour displayed by that pixel. In this sense, typical raster graphics are said to operate in the RGB color space. This is both the raw format that computer graphics hardware uses to project an image on your monitor, and the basis for many graphics file formats. A bitmap corresponds bit for bit with an image displayed on a screen, probably in the same format as it would be stored in the display's video memory or maybe.
Portable Document Format - Portable Document Format Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed by Adobe Systems for representing documents in a manner that is independent of the original application software, hardware, and operating system used to create those documents. A PDF file can describe documents containing any combination of text, graphics, and images in a device independent and resolution independent format. These documents can be one page or thousands of pages, very simple or extremely complex with a rich use of fonts, graphics, colour, and images. Free readers for many platforms are available for download from the Adobe website. Several independent PDF viewers and interfacing libraries have been developed, for example Xpdf, and GNOME Pdf for POSIX-like systems. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Technology 1.1 Postscript 1.2 Advantages 1.3.
Windows Metafile - Metafile Windows Metafile (WMF) is a common graphics file format on Microsoft Windows systems. It is a vector graphics format which also allows to include raster graphics. Essentially, a WMF file stores a list of commands that have to be issued to the Windows graphics layer in order to restore the image. WMF is a 16-bit format; a newer 32-bit version with additional commands is called Enhanced Metafile (EMF)..
JNG - (pronounced jing) is a JPEG-based image file format, closely related to PNG. The name stands for JPEG Network Graphics. Unlike JFIF (the usual JPEG file format), JNG supports transparency. JNG was created as an adjunct to the MNG animation format and is not a widely used as a stand-alone format. The structure of JNG files is essentially the same as that of PNG files, differing only in the slightly different signature (8B 4A 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A in hexadecimal) and the use of different chunks. JNG does not have a registered MIME media type, but image/x-jng can be used..
JPEG - a commonly used standard method of compressing photographic images. The file format which employs this compression is commonly also called JPEG; platforms with short file extensions may use .JPG or .JPE to identify this format. The name stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG itself specifies only how an image is transformed into a stream of bytes, but not how those bytes are encapsulated in any particular storage medium. A further standard, called JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format) specifies how to produce a file suitable for computer storage and transmission (such as over the Internet) from a JPEG stream. In common usage, when one speaks of a "JPEG file" one generally means a JFIF file, though there are some software systems that encode JPEG streams differently. JPEG/JFIF is the most common.
VRML - Language, sometimes pronounced vermal) is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind. It is a text file format where, e.g., vertices and edges for a 3D polygon can be specified along with the surface color, image-mapped textures, shininess, transparency, and so on. URLs can be associated with graphical components so that a browser might fetch a web-page or a new VRML file from the Internet when the user clicks on the specific graphical component. Animations, sounds, lighting, and other aspects of the virtual world can interact with the user or may be triggered by external events such as timers. A special Script Node allows to add program code (e.g., written in Java or JavaScript (ECMAScript)) to a VRML.
GIF - GIF GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a bitmap image format that is widely used on the World Wide Web, both for still images and for animations. "GIF" is often pronounced giff with a hard g (that is, "gift" without the final t), but the pronunciation specified by the creators of the file format in the official documentation is jiff. It was introduced in 1987 by CompuServe in order to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas, replacing their earlier RLE format which was black and white only. GIF became popular because it used LZW data compression, which was more efficient than the run-length encoding that formats such as PCX and MacPaint used, and fairly large images could therefore be downloaded in a reasonable amount of.
Encapsulated PostScript - Encapsulated PostScript Encapsulated PostScript, or EPS, is a graphics file format. An EPS file is a PostScript file which satisfies additional restrictions. These restrictions are intended to make it easier for software to embed an EPS file within another PostScript document. At a minimum, an EPS file contain a PostScript BoundingBox comment, describing the rectangle containing the image. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside. Preview bitmaps EPS files also frequently include a preview bitmap of the content, for on-screen display. The idea is to allow a simple preview of the final output in any application that can draw a bitmap. Without this preview the applications would have to directly render the PS data inside the EPS,.
Damn Small Linux - Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution in LiveCD format. It will fit on to a 50 MB business card size CD, but still includes essential desktop applications. It is based on Knoppix (Debian), but uses the Fluxbox window manager instead of KDE. Its X Window System subsystem is based on a combination of Debian packages and the Kdrive. Xvesa. and Xfbdev servers. Damn Small Linux has a nearly complete desktop, including: XMMS (MP3, and MPEG), FTP client, Dillo web browser, links-hacked web browser, spreadsheet, Sylpheed email, spellcheck (US English), a word-processor (Ted-GTK), four editors (SciTe, nVi, Zile -emacs clone-, and Nano -Pico clone-), graphics editing and viewing (Xpaint, and xzgv), Xpdf, emelFM (file manager), Naim (AIM, ICQ, IRC), VNCviwer, Rdesktop, SSH/SCP server and client, DHCP client, PPP, PPPoE (ADSL), a web server,.
Adobe Systems - Noida, India; and Ottawa, Canada. Minor Adobe development offices include Minnesota and Hamburg, Germany. Adobe's first retail product (the PostScript language doesn't count, since it is licensed to manufacturers, not sold to end users) was digital fonts. In 1996, the company announced the OpenType font format, jointly with Microsoft, and in 2002-03 Adobe completed the conversion of its library of Type 1 fonts to the new format. In the mid-80s, soon after introducing PostScript, Adobe entered the consumer software market by introducing Adobe Illustrator, a vector-based drawing program for the Apple Macintosh. This was the logical outgrowth of commercializing their in-house font-development software and to help popularize the use of laser printers. Unlike MacDraw (the standard vector-based drawing program for the Mac), Illustrator described all shapes with the more flexible Bézier.
Adobe Illustrator - Apple Macintosh in 1985 as a logical commercialization of Adobe's in-house font development software and PostScript file format. In many ways, Illustrator's release was a gamble as the Macintosh did not have serious market share, the only printer that could output Illustrator documents was Apple's own LaserWriter (also very new and expensive), and the drawing paradigm of Bézier curves was novel to the mainstream user. Not only did the Macintosh show only monochrome graphics, but display options were basically limited to its built-in 9" monitor. Illustrator helped drive the development of larger monitors for the Macintosh. Illustrator was a reliable, capable product, however, and its relatively low learning curve let users quickly appreciate that the new paradigm was not only better, but finally solved the problem of imprecision from existing programs.
Bulletin board system - a BBS out of the local area. Thus, many of a BBS's users lived in the same area and it was common for a BBS to hold a BBS Meet, where all of the users would gather and meet face to face. A typical BBS has: A computer One or more modems One or more phone lines A BBS software package A sysop - system operator The BBS software usually provided: Login screen Welcome screen One or more message bases File download area File upload area (sometimes) Online games (usually single player or only a single active player at a given time) A doorway to third-party online games Usage auditing capabilities Multi-user chat (more common in later multi-line BBSs) The first BBS, CBBS, went online on February 16, 1978 in Chicago,.
Computer software - without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software. Application software Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs and.
Sodipodi - Sodipodi Sodipodi is an open source vector graphics editor. It is designed specifically around the SVG standard, using the file format (with some extensions to hold meta-information) as its native storage format. It will import and export plain SVG data, and can also export bitmap images in PNG format. The main author is Lauris Kaplinski, and several other people have contributed to the project. It is currently at version 0.33. It is quite usable for basic illustration tasks, and in many ways superior to XFig both in terms of functionality and user interface, but lacks documentation. Inkscape is a fork of Sodipodi..
