Hafnium - Hafnium Lutetium - Hafnium - Tantalum Zr Hf Rf Full table General Name, Symbol, Number Hafnium, Hf, 72 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 4 (IVB), 6 , d Density, Hardness 13310 kg/m3, 5.5 Appearance grey steel Atomic Properties Atomic weight 178.49 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 155 (208) pm Covalent radius 150 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron configuration [Xe]44f14 5d2 6s2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 Oxidation state (Oxide) 4 (amphoteric) Crystal structure Hexagonal Physical Properties State of matter solid Melting point 2506 K (4051 °F) Boiling point 4876 K (8317 °F) Molar volume 13.44 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 575 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 24.06 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 0.00112Pa at 2500K Speed of.
Heat of vaporization - 67.74 Calcium 153.6 Carbon 355.8 Cerium 414 Chlorine 10.2 Chromium 344.3 Cobalt 376.5 Copper 300.3 Fluorine 3.2698 Gallium 258.7 Germanium 330.9 Gold 334.4 Hafnium 575 Helium 0.0845 Element Heat of vaporization (kJ/mol) Hydrogen 0.44936 Indium 231.5 Iodine 20.752 Iridium 604 Iron 349.6 Krypton 9.029 Lanthanum 414 Lead 177.7 Lithium 145.92 Magnesium 127.4 Manganese 226 Mercury 59.229 Molybdenum 598 Neon 1.7326 Neptunium n/a Nickel 370.4 Niobium 696.6 Nitrogen 2.7928 Osmium 627.6 Oxygen 3.4099 Palladium 357 Phosphorus 12.129 Platinum 510 Polonium 60.1 Potassium 79.87 Radium 37 Element Heat of vaporization (kJ/mol) Radon 16.4 Rhenium 715 Rhodium 493 Rubidium 72.216 Ruthenium 595 Scandium 314.2 Selenium 26.3 Silicon 384.22 Silver 250.58 Sodium 96.96 Strontium 144 Sulfur 1.7175 Tantalum 743 Technetium 660 Tellurium 52.55 Thallium 164.1 Thorium 514.4 Tin 295.8 Titanium 421 Tungsten 824 Vanadium 452.
Electron orbital - 18 9 2 40 Zirconium 2 8 18 10 2 41 Niobium 2 8 18 12 1 42 Molybdenum 2 8 18 13 1 43 Technetium 2 8 18 14 1 44 Ruthenium 2 8 18 15 1 45 Rhodium 2 8 18 16 1 46 Palladium 2 8 18 18 0 47 Silver 2 8 18 18 1 48 Cadmium 2 8 18 18 2 49 Indium 2 8 18 18 3 50 Tin 2 8 18 18 4 51 Antimony 2 8 18 18 5 52 Tellurium 2 8 18 18 6 53 Iodine 2 8 18 18 7 54 Xenon 2 8 18 18 8 55 Caesium 2 8 18 18 8 1 56 Barium 2 8 18 18 8 2 57 Lanthanum 2 8 18 18 9.
Discoveries of the chemical elements - 1880 Jean de Marignac The 'didymium' isolated by Mosander in 1839 was shown to actually be two separate elements, praseodymium and neodymium: Praseodymium 1885 Carl Auer von Welsbach Neodymium 1885 Carl Auer von Welsbach Dysprosium 1886 Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Germanium 1886 Winkler Refrigeration technology advanced considerably during the 19th century, to the point where it was possible to liquefy atmospheric gases. A curious observation was made: Nitrogen prepared by chemical means from its compounds had a slightly lower molecular weight than nitrogen prepared by liquefaction from air. This was attributed as being due to the presence of a previously unsuspected gas, christened argon. This gas was the first representative found of a previously unsuspected new group in the periodic table, first known as the inert gases, now more commonly.
Tantalum - Tantalum Hafnium - Tantalum - Tungsten Nb Ta Db Full table General Name, Symbol, Number Tantalum, Ta, 73 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 5 (VB), 6 , d Density, Hardness 16650 kg/m3, 6.5 Appearance gray blue Atomic Properties Atomic weight 180.9479 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 145 (200) pm Covalent radius 138 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron configuration [Xe]44f14 5d3 6s2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 Oxidation state (Oxide) 5 (mildly acidic) Crystal structure Cubic body centered Physical Properties State of matter solid Melting point 3290 K (5463 °F) Boiling point 5731 K (9856 °F) Molar volume 10.85 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 743 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 31.6 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 0.776 Pa at.
S7G reactor - Modifications and Additions Reactor Facility (MARF). It consisted of a unique reactor core installed in a modified S5W reactor plant. Instead of moveable hafnium-based control rods, which are used in all other United States Navy reactors, reactivity in the S7G core was controlled by stationary hafnium-clad tubes partially filled with water. Water could be pumped from the portion of the tube inside the core up to a reservoir above the core, or allowed to flow back into the tube. A higher water level in the tube within the core slowed more neutrons, allowing them to be captured by the hafnium, thus lowering the power level. The pumping system was configured so that the pump needed to run continually to keep the level pumped down; on loss of power, all the water.
Seventy-two - factorization is: In normal space, the exterior angles of an equilateral pentagon measure 72 degrees each. Seventy-two is also: The atomic number of hafnium. The total number of books in the Holy Bible in the Catholic version if the Book of Lamentations is considered part of the Book of Jeremiah. The designation of USA Interstate 72, a freeway that runs from Missouri to Illinois. The registry of the U.S. Navy's nuclear aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72), named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The designation of the Soviet T-72 tank. The number of hours in three days. This article is about the number. For the year AD 72, see 72..
Zirconium - and various specialty alloys. When alloyed with niobium, zirconium becomes superconductive at low temperatures and is used to make superconductive magnets with possible large-scale electrical power uses. History Zirconium (Arabic zarkûn from Persian zargûn meaning "gold like") was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth and isolated in 1824 by Jons Jakob Berzelius. The zirconium containing mineral zircon, or its variations (jargon, hyacinth, jacinth, or ligure), were mentioned in biblical writings. The mineral was not known to contain a new element until Klaproth analyzed a jargon from from Ceylon in the Indian Ocean. He named the new element Zirkonertz (zirconia). The impure metal was isolated first by Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in a small decomposition process conducted in an iron tube. Pure zirconium wasn't prepared.
Rutherfordium - life of less than 70 seconds. This element therefore is not used for anything and little is known about it. Rutherfordium is the first transactinide element and it is predicted to have chemical properties similar to hafnium. History Rutherfordium (named in honor of Ernest Rutherford) was reportedly first synthesized in 1964 at the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R). Researches there bombarded plutonium with accelerated 113 to 115 MeV neon ions and claimed that they detected nuclear fission tracks in a special type of glass with a microscope which indicated the presence of a new element. In 1969 researchers at the University of California, Berkeley synthesized the element by subjecting californium-249 and carbon-12 to high energy collisions. The UC group also stated that they could not reproduce the earlier synthesis.
Periodic table (big) - niobium 41 Nb molybdenum 42 Mo technetium 43 Tc ruthenium 44 Ru rhodium 45 Rh palladium 46 Pd silver 47 Ag cadmium 48 Cd indium 49 In tin 50 Sn antimony 51 Sb tellurium 52 Te iodine 53 I xenon 54 Xe 6 caesium 55 Cs barium 56 Ba * lutetium 71 Lu hafnium 72 Hf tantalum 73 Ta tungsten 74 W rhenium 75 Re osmium 76 Os iridium 77 Ir platinum 78 Pt gold 79 Au mercury 80 Hg thallium 81 Tl lead 82 Pb bismuth 83 Bi polonium 84 Po astatine 85 At radon 86 Rn 7 francium 87 Fr radium 88 Ra ** lawrencium 103 Lr rutherfordium 104 Rf dubnium 105 Db seaborgium 106 Sg bohrium 107 Bh hassium 108 Hs meitnerium 109 Mt darmstadtium 110 Ds unununium.
Periodic table (huge) - barium 56 Ba 137.327(7) * lutetium 71 Lu 174.967(1) hafnium 72 Hf 178.49(2) tantalum 73 Ta 180.9479(1) tungsten 74 W 183.84(1) rhenium 75 Re 186.207(1) osmium 76 Os 190.23(3) iridium 77 Ir 192.217(3) platinum 78 Pt 195.078(2) gold 79 Au 196.96655(2) mercury 80 Hg 200.59(2) thallium 81 Tl 204.3383(2) lead 82 Pb 207.2(1) bismuth 83 Bi 208.98038(2) polonium 84 Po [208.9824] astatine 85 At [209.9871] radon 86 Rn [222.0176] 7 francium 87 Fr [223.0197] radium 88 Ra [226.0254] ** lawrencium 103 Lr [262.110] rutherfordium 104 Rf [263.1125] dubnium 105 Db [262.1144] seaborgium 106 Sg [266.1219] bohrium 107 Bh [264.1247] hassium 108 Hs [269.1341] meitnerium 109 Mt [268.1388] darmstadtium 110 Ds [272.1463] unununium 111 Uuu [272.1535] ununbium 112 Uub [277] ununtrium 113 Uut [287]*** ununquadium 114 Uuq [289] ununpentium 115 Uup [288]***.
Nuclear isomer - even by this stricter standard, and so have interesting properties. The only stable nuclear isomer is Ta-180m, which occurs naturally in tantalum at about 1 part in 8300. Its half-life is at least 1015 years, and it may in fact be entirely stable. The origin of this isomer is mysterious, though is it believed to have something to do with supernovas. When it relaxes to its base state, it releases energetic photons with wavelength of 16 nanometers -- x-ray wavelengths. There are reports that Ta-180m can be forced to release its energy by much weaker x-rays, but these are currently in scientific dispute. Another reasonably stable nuclear isomer (with a half-life of 31 years) is hafnium-178m, which has the highest excitation energy of any stable isomer. One kilogram of pure Hf-178-2m.
List of elements by name - erbium Er 68 europium Eu 63 fermium Fm 100 fluorine F 9 francium Fr 87 gadolinium Gd 64 gallium Ga 31 germanium Ge 32 gold Au 79 hafnium Hf 72 hassium Hs 108 helium He 2 holmium Ho 67 hydrogen H 1 iodine I 53 indium In 49 iridium Ir 77 iron Fe 26 krypton Kr 36 lanthanum La 57 lawrencium Lr 103 lead Pb 82 lithium Li 3 lutetium Lu 71 magnesium Mg 25 meitnerium Mt 109 manganese Mn 12 mendelevium Md 101 mercury Hg 80 molybdenum Mo 42 neodymium Nd 60 neon Ne 10 neptunium Np 93 nickel Ni 28 niobium Nb 41 nitrogen N 7 nobelium No 102 osmium Os 76 oxygen O 8 phosphorus P 15 palladium Pd 46 platinum Pt 78 plutonium Pu 94 polonium Po.
List of elements by symbol - Fe iron 26 (Latin Ferrum) Fm fermium 100 Fr francium 87 Ga gallium 31 Gd gadolinium 64 Ge germanium 32 H hydrogen 1 He helium 2 Hf hafnium 72 Hg mercury 80 (Latin Hydragyrum - quicksilver) Ho holmium 67 Hs hassium 108 I iodine 53 In indium 49 Ir iridium 77 K potassium 19 (German Kalium) Kr krypton 36 La lanthanum 57 Li lithium 3 Lr lawrencium 103 Lu lutetium 71 Md mendelevium 101 Mg magnesium 12 Mn manganese 25 Mo molybdenum 42 Mt meitnerium 109 N nitrogen 7 Na sodium 11 (Latin Natrium) Nb niobium 41 Nd neodymium 60 Ne neon 10 Ni nickel 28 No nobelium 102 Np neptunium 93 O oxygen 8 Os osmium 76 P phosphorus 15 Pa protactinium 91 Pb lead 82 (Latin Plumbum) Pd palladium.
List of elements by number - Pr 60 neodymium Nd 61 promethium Pm 62 samarium Sm 63 europium Eu 64 gadolinium Gd 65 terbium Tb 66 dysprosium Dy 67 holmium Ho 68 erbium Er 69 thulium Tm 70 ytterbium Yb 71 lutetium Lu 72 hafnium Hf 73 tantalum Ta 74 tungsten W 75 rhenium Re 76 osmium Os 77 iridium Ir 78 platinum Pt 79 gold Au 80 mercury Hg 81 thallium Tl 82 lead Pb 83 bismuth Bi 84 polonium Po 85 astatine At 86 radon Rn 87 francium Fr 88 radium Ra 89 actinium Ac 90 thorium Th 91 protactinium Pa 92 uranium U 93 neptunium Np 94 plutonium Pu 95 americium Am 96 curium Cm 97 berkelium Bk 98 californium Cf 99 einsteinium Es 100 fermium Fm 101 mendelevium Md 102 nobelium No 103.
Valency - 6, 7 26 Iron 2, 3 27 Cobalt 2, 3 28 Nickel 2, 3 29 Copper 1, 2 30 Zinc 2 31 Gallium 2, 3 32 Germanium 4 33 Arsenic 3, 5 34 Selenium 2, 4, 6 35 Bromine 1, 3, 5, 7 36 Krypton 0 37 Rubidium 1 38 Strontium 2 39 Yttrium 3 40 Zirconium 4 41 Niobium 3, 5 42 Molybdenum 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 43 Technetium 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 44 Ruthenium 3, 4, 6, 8 45 Rhodium 3, 4 46 Palladium 2, 4 47 Silver 1 48 Cadmium 2 49 Indium 1, 3 50 Tin 2, 4 51 Antimony 3, 5 52 Tellurium 2, 4, 6 53 Iodine 1, 3, 5, 7 54 Xenon 0 55 Caesium 1 56 Barium 2 57 Lanthanum 3.
List of chemistry topics - quartz -- Clay -- Clevite -- Coal -- Cobalt -- Coinage metal -- Colemantite -- colloid -- color -- Colorimeter -- Coltan -- Columbite -- Combinatorial chemistry -- Complex -- compound -- computational chemistry -- Concentration -- condensation polymer -- Condensation reaction -- Cooperite -- Copper -- corderoite -- Cordierite -- Corrin -- corrosion -- Corundum -- cosmetics -- covalent bond -- Covalent radius -- Coveline -- Crocidolite -- Crooksite -- Cryolite -- crystal -- Crystal structure -- cubic metre per mole -- Cumene process -- Cuprite -- Curium -- cyanide -- Cyclopentadiene -- Cylindrite -- Cymophane -- Cytosine -- D d block -- d-block -- Darmstadtium -- Datolite -- decay energy -- decay mode -- decay product -- decomposition temperature -- Delessite -- Density -- Derek H. R. Barton --.
List of toponyms - Cheddar Cheshire Colby Derby Gloucester Gorgonzola Gouda Gruyere Lancashire Leicester Limburg(er) Monterey (Jacks) Munster Parme(san) Roma(no) Roquefort Stilton Swiss Tilsit Wensleydale Elements Americium (the United States of America) Berkelium (Berkeley, home of University of California, Berkeley) Californium (California, home of University of California) Erbium (Ytterby, village in Sweden) Europium (Europe) Francium (France) Gallium (Gallia, Latin name for France) Germanium (Germany) Hafnium (Hafnia, Latin name for Copenhagen) Holmium (Holmia, Latin name for Stockholm) Lutetium (Latetia, old name for Paris) Magnesium (Magnesia, district in Thessaly) Polonium (Poland) Rhenium (Rhenus, Latin name for Rhine) Ruthenium (Ruthenia, Latin name for Russia) Scandium (Scandia, Latin name for Scandinavia) Strontium (Strontiun, town in Scotland Terbium (Ytterby, village in Sweden) Thulium (Thule, ancient name for Scandinavia) Ytterbium (Ytterby, village in Sweden) Yttrium (Ytterby, village in Sweden) See also:.
Lutetium - Lutetium Ytterbium - Lutetium - Hafnium Y Lu Lr Full table General Name, Symbol, Number Lutetium, Lu, 71 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 3, 6 , d Density, Hardness 9841 kg/m3, __ Appearance Silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 174.967 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 175 (217) pm Covalent radius 160 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron configuration [Xe]44f14 5d1 6s2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 Oxidation states (Oxide) 3 (weak base) Crystal structure hexagonal Physical properties State of matter solid (__) Melting point 1925 K (3006 °F) Boiling point 3675 K (6156 °F) Molar volume 17.78 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 355.9 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 18.6 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 2460 Pa at 1936 K Velocity of.
