Hebrews - Hebrews Descendants of Heber or Eber. A book of the Christian New Testament: Epistle to the Hebrews A term used be Christians to differentiate between the Jews that lived before the birth of Jesus and the Jews that lived afterward. The distinction is an important one in Christian theology. The distinction is not recognized by the Jews themselves, and may be offensive to Jews. See also Hebrew. This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page..
Gospel according to the Hebrews - Gospel according to the Hebrews The Gospel According to the Hebrews was a work of early Christian literature to which reference is frequently made by the church Fathers in the first five centuries, and of which some twenty or more fragments, preserved in their writings, have come down to us. The book itself has long disappeared. It has, however, been the subject of many critical surmises and discussions in the course of the last century. It has been regarded as the original record of the life of Jesus. From it Justin Martyr has been represented as deriving his knowledge of the works and words of Christ, and to it have been referred the gospel quotations found in Justin and other early writers when these deviate in any measure.
Epistle to the Hebrews - Epistle to the Hebrews The Epistle to the Hebrews is a book in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. This letter consists of two parts: (a) doctrinal (1 - 10:18), (b) and practical (10:19 - 13). There are found in it many references to portions of the Old Testament. It has been regarded as a treatise supplementary to the Epistles to the Romans and Galatians, and as a kind of commentary on the book of Leviticus and Temple worship in general. Its numerous references to Temple worship in the present tense has been used to date the epistle before the destruction of the Temple (AD 70), but the evidence is not conclusive. Authorship A considerable variety of opinions on this subject has been advanced from the.
Kenezites - Kenezites The Kenezites are a clan associated with the Hebrews in the Jewish Torah and Tanakh (the Christian Old Testament). The Kenezites are descended from a man named Kenaz, and are mentioned briefly in the story of Abraham. According to the Torah and Tanakh, the clan seems to have become a part of the tribe of Judah later in the history of the Jewish nation. The most famous Kenezite was Caleb, who accompanied Moses and Joshua in the exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt..
Kuzari - using any kind of attributes. 'Accordingly Judah divides all the attributes found in the Bible into three classes: active, relative, and negative, which last class comprises all the essential attributes expressing mere negations. The question of attributes being closely connected with that of anthropomorphism, Judah enters into a lengthy discussion on this point. Although opposed to the conception of the corporeality of God, as being contrary to Scripture, he would consider it wrong to reject all the sensuous concepts of anthropomorphism, as there is something in these ideas which fills the human soul with the awe of God. The remainder of the essay comprises dissertations on the following subjects: the excellence of Palestine, the land of prophecy, which is to other countries what the Jews are to other nations; the sacrifices;.
Jerome - During one of these illnesses (about the winter of 373 - 374) he had a vision which determined him to lay aside his secular studies and devote himself to the things of God. In any case he seems to have abstained for a considerable time from the study of the classics and to have plunged deeply into that of the Bible, under the impulsion of Apollinaris of Laodicea, then teaching in Antioch and not yet suspected of heresy. Seized with the desire for a life of ascetic penance, he went for a time to the desert of Chalcis, to the southwest of Antioch, known as the Syrian Thebaid, from the number of hermits inhabiting it. During this period, however, he seems to have found time for study and writing. He made.
Jewish principles of faith - a book is "divine", has always been a matter of some dispute. Different understandings of this subject exist among Jews. In particular, Reconstructionist Judaism rejects the idea that religious writings are inspired by God. Instead it maintains that they represent the development of Judaism as a religious civilisation and are therefore valuable even though written only by humans. The words of the prophets are true This does not mean that Jews are required to read the books of the prophets literally. The Jewish tradition has always held that prophets used metaphors and analogies just like people today use them. As such, there is a wide degree of interpretation for many prophetic verses. The status of Moses The Torah and Talmud teach that God took the descendants of Israel out of Egypt.
Jewish history - Palestine, then Israel) was a meeting place of civilizations. The land was traversed by old-established trade routes and possessed important harbors on the Gulf of Akaba and on the Mediterranean coast, the latter exposing it to the influence of other cultures of the Fertile Crescent. Traditionally Jews around the world claim descendance mostly from the ancient Israelites (also known as Hebrews), who settled in the land of Israel. The Israelites traced their common lineage to the biblical patriarch Abraham through Isaac and Jacob. Jewish tradition holds that the Israelites were the descendents of Jacob's twelve sons (one of which named Judah), who settled in Egypt. Their direct descendents respectively divided into twelve tribes, who were enslaved under the rule of pharaoh Ramses II. In the Jewish faith, the emigration of the.
Jethro - Jethro's daughter, Zipporah, becomes Moses's wife after Moses flees Egypt, having killed an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew slave. Moses is said to have worked as a shepherd for Jethro for 40 years before returning to Egypt to lead the Hebrews to Canaan, the "promised land". What we know concerning Jethro is recorded in the book of Exodus..
Jesus Christ as the Messiah - out the animals being bought and sold by the merchants, released the doves, and overturned the tables to scatter the money-changers' coins. On the Thursday evening before Good Friday, Jesus shared a Passover meal with his disciples—the Last Supper. During the meal, he gave bread to his disciples, saying, "Take it and eat. This is my body", and then gave them a cup of wine, saying, "Drink from this, all of you, for this is my blood, the blood of the covenant, poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." Many Christian denominations take this as the institution of the sacrament of Communion, or the Eucharist. Some contemporary scholars are focusing on Jesus' parables, a unique type of teaching story found only in the three synoptic gospels. Much of this.
Johann Salomo Semler - mind is that of a critic of biblical and ecclesiastical documents and of the lustory of dogmas. He was not a philosophical thinker or theologian, though he insisted, with an energy and persistency before unknown, on certain distinctions of great importance when properly worked out and applied, e.g. the distinction between religion and theology, that between private personal beliefs and public historical creeds, and that between the local and temporal and the permanent elements of historical religion. His great work was that of the critic. He was the first to reject with sufficient proof the equal value of the Old and New Testaments, the uniform authority of all parts of the Bible, the divine authority of the traditional canon of Scripture, the inspiration and supposed correctness of the text of the.
Johann Gottfried Eichhorn - a famous jurist. Eichhorn has been called "the founder of modern Old Testament criticism." He recognized its scope and problems, and began many of its most important discussions. "My greatest trouble," he says in the preface to the second edition of his Einleitung, "I had to bestow on a hitherto unworked field--on the investigation of the inner nature of the Old Testament with the help of the Higher Criticism (not a new name to any humanist)." His investigations led him to the conclusion that "most of the writings of the Hebrews have passed through several hands." He took for granted that all the so-called supernatural facts relating to the Old and New Testaments were explicable on natural principles. He sought to judge them from the standpoint of the ancient world, and.
John Owen (church leader) - the toleration promised in the Instrument of Government. In the same year he was chairman of a committee on Scottish Church affairs. He was, too, one of the Triers, and appears to have behaved with kindness and moderation in that capacity. As vicechancellor he acted with readiness and spirit when a Royalist rising in Wiltshire broke out in 1655; his adherence to Cromwell, however, was by no means slavish, for he drew up, at the request of Desborough and Pride, a petition against his receiving the kingship. Thus, when Richard Cromwell succeeded his father as chancellor, Owen lost his vice-chancellorship. In 1658 he took a leading part in the conference of Independents which drew up the Savoy Declaration. On Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658, Owen joined the Wallingford House party, and.
Judaism - own history, language (Hebrew), ancestral homeland, liturgy, philosophy, set of ethics, religious practices, and the like. The subject of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) is an account of the Israelites (also called Hebrews) relationship with God as reflected in their history from the beginning of time until the building of the second temple (approx. 350 BCE). Judaism has always affirmed a number of other Jewish Principles of Faith. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, most of which have much in common with each other, yet they differ in certain details. In the last two centuries the Jewish community has divided into a number of denominations which have greatly different understandings of these principles; most of Orthodox Judaism generally holds that the principles are unchanging and mandatory, non-Orthodox forms.
Jubilee (Biblical) - to start life anew on an equal footing with his neighbor, without the fear that his future earnings will be seized by his former creditors. The jubilee year was the year of liberation of servants whose poverty had forced them into employment by others. Similarly all property alienated for a money consideration to relieve poverty, was to be returned to the original owners without restoration of the amount which had been advanced. The rabbinic Jewish view The view of the Mishnaic and Talmudic rabbis was that these laws were made to promote the idea of theocracy: that one year in seven might be devoted "to the Lord," as the weekly Sabbath is devoted to rest from manual labor and to the study of the Law. The jubilee was instituted primarily to.
Isaiah - of Egypt (Isa. 30:2-4). This led the king of Assyria to threaten the king of Judah, and at length to invade the land. Sennacherib (701 BC) led a powerful army into Judah. Hezekiah was reduced to despair, and submitted to the Assyrians (2 Kings 18:14-16). But after a brief interval war broke out again, and again Sennacherib led an army into Judah, one detachment of which threatened Jerusalem (Isa. 36:2-22; 37:8). Isaiah on that occasion encouraged Hezekiah to resist the Assyrians (37:1-7), whereupon Sennacherib sent a threatening letter to Hezekiah, which he "spread before the Lord" (37:14). The judgement of God now fell on the Assyrian host. "Like Xerxes in Greece, Sennacherib never recovered from the shock of the disaster in Judah. He made no more expeditions against either southern Palestine.
Isaac Newton's occult studies - Newton believed that Pythagoras must have known about gravity, and even toyed with the idea of including margin notes attesting it. That he for that reason did not use his "fluxions", but geometric proofs which he thought would have been accessible to geometers of Pythagoras's era. That he also believed that Hebrews before the Great Flood knew of the atomic structure of matter..
Halizah - system of levirate marriage practiced among the early Hebrews, Ḥaliẓah was the ceremony by which a widow and her husband's brother could avoid the duty to marry after the husband's death. The ceremony involves the taking off of a brother-in-law's shoe by the widow of a brother who has died childless, through which ceremony he is released from the obligation of marrying her, and she becomes free to marry whomever she desires (Deut. xxv. 5-10). It may be noted that only one brother-in-law need perform the ceremony. The old custom of the levirate marriage (Gen. xxxviii. 8) is thus modified in the Deuteronomic code by permitting the surviving brother to refuse to marry his brother's widow, providedhe submits to the ceremony of ḥaliẓah (see Levirate; Yebamah). In the Talmudic period the.
Hell - which technically means landfill. Commenting on the use of the word “hell” in Bible translation, Collier’s Encyclopedia (1986, Vol. 12, p. 28) says: “Since Sheol in Old Testament times referred simply to the abode of the dead and suggested no moral distinctions, the word ‘hell,’ as understood today, is not a happy translation.” The confusion over what this word actually means stems from the fact that the ancient Hebrews didn't belive in immortality of the "soul". It is interesting to note that Hebrew landfills were very unsanitary and unpleasant when compared to modern landfills; these places were filled with rotting garbage and the Hebrews would periodically burn them down, however by that point they were generally so large that they would burn for weeks or even months. In other words they.
Heinrich Ewald - all of one school, but many eminent scholars who apparently have been untouched by his influence have in fact developed some of the many ideas which he suggested. His Hebrew Grammar inaugurated a new era in biblical philology. Subsequent works in that department were avowedly based on his, and to him will always belong the honour of having been, to quote Hitzig, "the second founder of the science of the Hebrew language." As an exegete and biblical Critic no less than as a grammarian he has left his abiding mark. His Geschichte des Volkes Israel, the result of thirty years' labour, was epoch-making in that branch of research. While in every line it bears the marks of intense individuality, it is at the same time a product highly characteristic of the.
