Hinduism - Hinduism This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings, see Hindu (disambiguation). Hinduism is the oldest of the major world religions and, with approximately 1.05 billion followers, the third largest. Hinduism originated on the Indian subcontinent, which is home to 96% of Hindus. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 1.1 Legal Definition according to the Supreme Court of India 2 Origins 2.2 Indus-Sarasvati Tradition contribution to Hinduism 3 Current geographic distribution 4 Aspects of Hinduism 4.3 The philosophical plane 4.4 The faith-based plane 5 Hindu Scriptures 5.5 The Vedas 5.6 Post-Vedic Hindu scriptures 5.7 The Bhagavad Gita 6 Hindu philosophy 6.8 Nyaya 6.9 Vaisheshika 6.10 Samkhya 6.11 Yoga 6.12 Purva Mimamsa 6.13 Vedanta 6.14 Monism: Advaita Vedanta 6.15 Qualified Monism: Vishistadvaita Vedanta 6.16 Dualism:.
Hinduism in Southeast Asia - Hinduism in Southeast Asia Hinduism in Southeast Asia influenced the Champa kingdom in Vietnam, the Srivijayan kingdom on Sumatra, the Singhasari kingdom and the Majapahit Empire based in Java, Bali, and a number of the islands of the Philippine archipelago. The civilization of India influenced the languages, scripts, calendars, and artistic aspects of these peoples and nations. To quote from the Wikipedia article on India, the civilizing influence of "abstract qualities such as hospitality, family values, acceptance and toleration of differences, resilience and co-existence" somewhat moderates other aspects of the human condition. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Earliest known times 2 Dvaravati period 3 Seafaring Peoples 4 Java 5 Sumatra 6 Bali 7 The Philippines Earliest known times Indian scholars wrote about the Dvipantara or Jawa.
Vegetarianism - to the dawn of God-authorized human meat-eating.) In Chinese societies, "simple eating" (素食 su4shi2) refers to a particular restricted diet associated with Taoist monks, and sometimes practiced by members of the general population during Taoist festivals. It is referred to by the English word "vegetarian;" however, though it rejects meat, eggs and milk, this diet does include oysters and oyster products. Fructarians (more commonly called "fruitarians") eat only fruit, nuts, seeds and other plant matter that can be gathered without harming the plant. Thus a fructarian will eat beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins and the like, but will refuse to eat potatoes or spinach. The following is not generally considered vegetarianism: Some people choose to avoid certain types of meat for many of the same reasons that others choose vegetarianism -- health,.
Kali Yuga - strike down the wicked. Kali Yuga is the last of 4 Yugas; upon its conclusion, the world will "reboot" into a new Satya Yuga (Golden Age.) This involves the end of the world as we know it and the return of the earth to a state of paradise. See also Metrics of time in Hinduism.
Khmer Empire - bears testimony to the Khmer Empire's immense power and wealth, as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time. The empire's official religions included Hinduism, Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Rulers 2 See also 3 Sources Rulers Chronological listing with reign, title and posthumous title(s), where known. 802-850: Jayavarman II (Paramesvara) 854-877: Jayavarman III (Vishnuloka) 877-889: Indravarman II (Isvaraloka) 889-910: Yasovarman I (Paramasivaloka) 910-923: Hashavarman I (Rudraloka) 923-928: Isanavarman II (Paramarudraloka) 928-941: Jayavarman IV (Paramasivapada) 941-944: Harshavarman II (Vrahmaloka or Brahmaloka) 944-968: Rajendravarman (Sivaloka) 968-1001: Jayavarman V (Paramasivaloka) 1001-1002?: Udayadityavarman I 1002-1011?: Jayaviravarman 1001-1050: Suryavarman I (Narvanapala la) 1050-1066: Udayadityavarman II 1066-1080?: Harshavarman III (Sadasivapada) 1080-1113?: Jayavarman VI (Paramakaivalyapada) 1113-1150: Suryavarman I (Paramavishnuloka) 1150-1160: Dharanindravarman II (Paramanishkalapada) 1160-1165/6: Yasovarman II 1181-1220?: Jayavarman VII.
Venkateshwara - Venkateshwara In Hinduism, Venkateshwara (also spelled Venkateswara, Venkateshwer or Venkatachalapathi) is a much-worshipped form of the god Vishnu. He is also known as Balaji and as Bithala..
Krishna - The story of Krishna's life on Earth is told in the epic poem Mahabharata, which contains astronomical references dating it to the 15th century BC. His place in Hinduism is complex. He appears under many names, in a multiplicity of stories, among different cultures, and in different traditions. Sometimes these contradict each other. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Major aspects 2 Religious texts, mythology and literature 3 Summary of the story of Krishna 3.1 The birth of Krishna 3.2 Krishna at Vrindavan 3.3 Krishna the prince 3.4 The Kurukshetra War 3.5 The last days 4 The Bhakti traditions 4.6 Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd 4.7 Recent Krishna bhakti movements 5 The name 5.8 Krishna the Dark One 5.9 Other names of Krishna 5.10 Other uses of the name.
Vedic religion - to all religions based on the vedas. These include Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism. See also: Religions of the world - abrahamic religions.
Kurma - Kurma In Hinduism, Kurma was the second avatar of Vishnu. He took the form of a tortoise and sat on the bottom of the ocean after the Great Flood. A mountain was placed on his back by the other gods so that they could churn the sea and find the ancient treasures of the Vedic peoples. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Churning of the Ocean 1.1 appeal to Brahma 1.2 Churning the mountain 1.3 Halahalal 1.4 The nectar of immortality The Churning of the Ocean The Churning of the Ocean itself forms an interesting legend. In the ancient times, both the Devas (divinities similar to Greek Gods) were mortal. Their enemies were the Asuras. One day, the King of the Devas, Indra was riding his elephant.
Kunti - Kunti In Hinduism, Princess Kunti is the mother of the Pandavas. When she was young, a sage told her a "mantra" with which Kunti could summon any god and have a child by him. When Kunti asked why he gave her this mantra, he told her that it would be useful to her later in life. Kunti could not believe the mantra, so she tried to use it. The Sun God, Surya, appeared. She asked him to go back, but Surya said he was compelled to fulfill the mantra before returning. Surya magically caused Kunti to bear a child immediately so that she, a princess, would not be subject to questions from the King or his court. Kunti then discarded the child, Karna, in a basket in.
Kubera - Kubera In Hinduism, Kubera is the god of wealth and the lord of Uttaradisha. He is one of the Ashta-Dikpalas, representing the north. Alternative: Kuvera, Dhanapati ("lord of riches").
J. D. Salinger - write novels but not to publish them. Salinger has tried to escape public exposure and attention as much as possible ("A writer's feelings of anonymity-obscurity are the second most valuable property on loan to him." ~Salinger). But he constantly struggles with the unwanted attention he gets as a cult figure. On learning of an author's intention to publish J. D. Salinger: A Writing Life, a biography including letters Salinger had written to other authors and friends, Salinger sued to stop the book's publication. The book was finally published with the letters' contents paraphrased; the court ruled that though a person may own a letter physically, the language within it belongs to the author. Salinger is a character in the novel Shoeless Joe, which was the basis for the movie Field of.
Jainism - of the nuns are members of the Shvetambara. (Fisher) In India, Jains are over-represented in positions of economic and political power; the global diamond market is dominated by Jain-owned corporations. Jains have been a significant force in Indian culture, contributing to Indian philosophy, art, architecture, sciences and last but not least the politics of Mohandas Gandhi which led to Indian independence. Jainism shares concepts with Hinduism and Buddhism, but is a separate religious path. As part of its stance on non-violence, Jainism goes beyond vegetarianism in that the Jain diet also excludes most root vegetables and certain other foods believed to be unnecessarily injurious. Observant Jains do not eat, drink or travel after sunset and always rise before sunrise. Digambaras and Svetambaras The two major sects of Jainism trace their origin.
Jamadagni - Jamadagni In Hinduism, Jamadagni is the father of Parashurama, one of the avatars of Vishnu. King Kaartaveerya-arjuna and his army visited Jamadagni, who fed his guest and the whole army with his divine cow; the king demanded the cow and Jamadagni refused because he needed the cow for his religious ceremonies. King Kaartaveerya-arjuna sent his soldiers to take he cow and Parashurama killed the entire army and the king with his axe (given to him by Shiva). In return, the princes beheaded Jamadagni. In revenge, Parasurama killed the entire clan of Kaartaveerya-arjuna, thus conquering the entire earth, which he gave to Kasyapa..
Jauhar - and neighbouring areas. These included most of the fighting and warrior classes. The remainder of the people, who were generally Brahmins and the lower castes, did not participate in the practice, and hoped to survive the capture of the city. In some cases, such as with Chittaurgarh in 1568 the captors put the entire remaining population to death. Accounts of the captors finding a deserted city with no living residents are not true. Despite occasional confusion, this practice is not directly related to the widow-burning practice of Sati. It is however related to high emphasis set on honour, including female honour in Rajput society. Both practices have been most common historically in the territory of modern Rajasthan. Both practices are derived from the common practice of cremation of dead bodies in.
Vishnu - be Matsya, the fish Kurma, the tortoise Varaha, the boar Narasimha, the Man-Lion (Nara = man, simha = lion) Vamana, the Dwarf Parashurama, Rama with the axe Rama, Sri Ramachandra, the prince and king of Ayodhya Krishna (meaning "dark" or "black") varies by sect: Siddhartha Gautama, Chaitanya, Balarama and others Kalki ("time"), who is yet to be manifested: an apocalyptic figure Many claim that the ten avatars represent the development of life and of mankind. Matsya, the fish, represents life in water. Kurma, the tortoise, represents the next stage, amphibianism. The third animal, the boar Varaha, symbolizes life on land. Narasimha, the Man-Lion, symbolizes the commencement development of man. Vamana, the dwarf, symbolizes this incomplete development. Then, Parashurama, the forest-dweller, connotes completion of the basic development of humankind. The King Rama.
John Cage - instrument. He liked the sound this produced, and this eventually led to his inventing the prepared piano, in which screws, bolts, strips of rubber and other objects are placed between the strings of the piano to change the character of the instrument. It is likely that he was influenced by his old teacher Henry Cowell who also treated the piano in a non-standard way, asking performers to strum the strings with their fingers, for example. The Sonatas and Interludes of 1946-48 are widely seen as his greatest work for prepared piano. Pierre Boulez was amongst its admirers, and organised the European premiere of the work. The two composers struck up a correspondence, but this stopped when they came to a disagreement over Cage's use of chance in his music. It was.
Johannes Jacobus Poortman - not visible to our scientific intruments. Gamma - that only matter exists, with the exception of one single enity which is not material. This entity may be God, Brahman, Nirvana etc. This is the view held by Poortman himself. Delta - the view that both different kinds of matter and spiritual, non-material entities exist, for example the early christian and Gnostic belief that man was made of matter, soul and spirit, where the first two were different forms of matter and the spirit non-material. Epsilon - a view in which matter and mind are totally separate things. This view was for example held by René Descartes in his cogito ergo sum statement. Zeta - monistic idealism or illusionism, where matter is seen as some kind of emanation of God or another.
Vivasvat - Vivasvat In Hinduism, Vivasvat is a solar deity and the architect who built the cities and palaces of the gods, as well as a master craftsman and artisan. He is married to Saranya and father of the Asvins, Manu, Yama and Yami. Alternative: Visvakarma, Vivasvan.
Virabhadra - Virabhadra In Hinduism, Virabhadra is a monster created by Shiva who eventually blinded Bhaga..
