History of Bavaria - History of Bavaria The earliest known inhabitants of the district afterwards called Bavaria comprised a people, probably of Celtic extraction, whom the Romans subdued just before the opening of the Christian era, when founding colonies among them and including their land in the province of Raetia. During the 5th century the troops of Odoacer ravaged Bavaria. Almost denuded of inhabitants, it became occupied by tribes who, pushing along the valley of the Danube, settled there between 488 and 520. Many conjectures relate to the race and origin of these people, who certainly formed a new and composite social aggregate. Most likely they descended from the Marcomanni, Quadi and Narisci, tribes of the Suevic or Swabian origin, with possibly a small intermixture of Gothic or Celtic elements..
History of Germany - History of Germany This article is the top of the History of Germany series. Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Germany since 1945 The history of Germany is, in places, extremely complicated and depends much on how one defines "Germany". As a nation state, Germany did not exist until 1871. Before, Germany can only be looked at as a cultural region where many territories, with greatly varying independence, each had their own historical events and it was not entirely clear what area was part of Germany in the first place. This article briefly outlines each period of German history only; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Struggle.
History of Greece - History of Greece For the history of ancient Greece, see Mycenae, Hellenic Greece, and Hellenistic Greece. The Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire began in 1821 and concluded with the winning of independence in 1828. The first ruler of independent Greece was the governor Kapodistrias, who was murdered in 1831. With the support of England, France, and Russia, a monarchy was established with the signing of the Treaty of London on May 7, 1832 which created an independent Kingdom of Greece. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria was chosen as its first King in 1833. Otto ruled as an absolute despot, and this led to more and more civil unrest until in 1843 the people and the army of Greece revolted and demanded a.
History of France - History of France This article is the top of the History of France series. Gaul Franks France in the Middle Ages Valois Dynasty Bourbon Dynasty French Revolution First French Empire French Restoration Second Republic Second French Empire Third Republic France during World War II Fourth Republic Fifth Republic Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Gaul 2 Franks 3 France in the Middle Ages 4 Valois Dynasty 5 Bourbon Dynasty 6 French Revolution 7 First French Empire 8 French Restoration 9 Second Republic 10 Second French Empire 11 Third Republic 12 France during World War II 13 Fourth Republic 14 Fifth Republic 15 Related articles 16 Further reading Gaul For details, see the main Gaul article. Settled mainly by the Gauls and related Celtic peoples (apart from a.
History of Austria - History of Austria This is the history of Austria. See also the history of Europe and history of present-day nations and states. Much of present-day Austria was once the Roman territory of Noricum. Under the Franks, parts of modern-day Austria were considered first part of Bavaria and later the Eastern Frankish Kingdom and the Ostmark, or Eastern March. The Marches were overseen by a comes or dux as appointed by the king. The most normal translation of these offices is count or duke, but these titles conveyed very different meanings in the Early Middle Ages, and the Latin terminology is preferable to any modern translation. In German-speaking countries, the title was eventually regularized to Margrave (Ger. Markgraf). (ie "Mark count"). In 1154 the Privilegium Minus elevated.
History of Denmark - History of Denmark Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient Denmark 2 Vikings 3 Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark 3.1 Difficulties for the Kings 3.2 Margaret and the Kalmar Union 4 Reformation 5 Early Modern Politics 6 Absolutism 7 Napoleonic Wars 8 Nationalism and Liberalism 9 Early 20th century 10 Post-War Ancient Denmark See also: Neolithic and Bronze Age People lived in what is today Denmark more than 100,000 years ago, but they were likely forced to leave for a time because of the ice cap that covered the land for some of the intervening time during the ice age. It is thought that people have lived continually in Denmark since around 12,000 BC. Agriculture made inroads around 3,000 BC, dramatically changing life in the area..
History of Württemberg - History of Württemberg History of Württemberg Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origins 2 The Duchy of Württemberg (1495 - 1805) 3 The Kingdom of Württemberg (1806 - 1918) 4 Post-Royal Württemberg 5 External Link Origins The origin of the name Württemberg remains obscure: scholars having universally rejected the once popular derivation from "Wirth am Berg". Some authorities derive it from a proper name: Wiruto or Wirtino; others from a Celtic place-name, Virolunum or Verdunum. At all events, from serving as the name of a castle near the village of Rothenberg, not far from Stuttgart, it extended over the surrounding country, and as the lords of this district increased their possessions so the name covered an ever-widening area, until it reached its present denotation. Early forms of.
History of Baden, Germany - History of Baden, Germany History of Baden During the middle ages, various counts ruled the country that now forms Baden. The counts and duchy of Zähringen figure prominently among these. In 1112 Hermann, son of Hermann, Margrave of Verona (d. 1074) and grandson of Berthold, duke of Carinthia and count of Zähringen, having inherited some of the German estates of his family, called himself Margrave of Baden, and from this time the separate history of Baden dates. Hermann appears to have called himself margrave rather than count, because of the family connection to the margrave of Verona. His son and grandson, both called Hermann, added to their territories, which were then divided, and the lines of Baden-Baden and Baden-Hochberg were founded, the latter of which divided.
History of the Jews in the United States (Colonial Era-1906) - History of the Jews in the United States (Colonial Era-1906) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Coming to the Americas 2 Arrival in North America 3 First Jewish settlers from Spain and Portugal 4 German Jewish settlers 5 Russian Immigration 6 In the cities and states 6.1 First Settlement 6.2 Asser Levy 7 Under English Rule 8 Shearith Israel 9 In the American Revolution 10 Up-State New York Settlements 11 Rhode Island 12 In New England 13 Maryland 14 Philadelphia 15 Mickvé Israel and Rodeph Shalom 16 In the Revolution 17 Jewish Company 18 Jacob de Cordova 19 Solomon Heydenfeldt 20 Characteristics of Congregations 21 3. Relation to the Federal Government: 22 Damascus Affair 23 Swiss Disabilities 24 Servia and Palestine 25 Russian Passports 26 Kishinef Petition.
History of Berlin - History of Berlin Origin Since ancient times, the area of today's Berlin contained small fishing and farm villages. Around 1200, two towns were founded on the banks of the river Spree: Cölln and Berlin. It is not known when exactly they received city rights; the first mention of those rights for Berlin is 1251 and for Cölln 1261. In 1307 the two trading cities decided to unite on political and security matters. Around 1400 Berlin and Cölln had 8,000 inhabitants. Mark Brandenburg In 1417 Friedrich I of Brandenburg became Kurfürst of Brandenburg. Until 1918 members of the Hohenzollern family ruled Berlin, successively as Margraves of Brandenburg, Kings of Prussia, and Emperors of Germany. Berlin's people were not enthusiastic about this change. In 1447 they revolted unsuccessfully.
History of Bratislava - History of Bratislava This is a tabular history of Bratislava, capital of Slovakia. For an overview of Bratislava's history see Bratislava. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 B.C. 2 A.D. 2.1 1st century - 10th century 2.2 1000 – 1241 2.3 1241 - 1536 2.4 1536 - 1784 2.5 1784-1900 2.6 20th century 2.7 21st century 3 Ethnic structure 4 Historic Personalities B.C. 25 – 15 millions B. C.: 3 skeletons of the (Epi)Pliopithecus Vindobonensis found in the city part Devínska Nová Ves in 1957 14 – 10 millions B. C. : teeth of the Sivapithecus Darwiny (or Dryopithecus) found in the city part Devínska Nová Ves in 1902 Paleolithic Age: hand-axes and other stone tools of the Homo erectus (about 450000 and about 300000 B. C.).
History of Socialism: Part 1 - History of Socialism: Part 1 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early socialists 2 Marxism and the socialist movement 3 Social Democracy to 1917 4 Socialism and Communism (1917-39) 5 Social Democracy (1945-70) Early socialists The word socialism came into English from French in the 1820s, but the idea that goods should be held in common and that all men should be equal is much older. Quasi-socialist elements can be identified in Plato's Republic, the Sermon on the Mount, the millenarian movements of the Middle Ages and Thomas More's Utopia. Socialist ideas were certainly current among the Levellers and other sects of the English revolution of the 1640s and the more radical sans-culottes of the French revolution of the 1790s, though they never achieved real influence. As.
History of swimming - History of swimming Swimming has been known since prehistoric times. Drawings from the Stone Age were found in "the cave of swimmers" near Wadi Sora (or Sura) in the southwestern part of Egypt. Written references date from 2000 B.C, including Gilgamesh, the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible (Ezekiel 47:5, Acts 27:42, Isaiah 25:11), Beowulf, and other sagas. In 1538 Nicolas Wynman, German professor of languages, wrote the first swimming book, "Colymbetes". Competitive swimming in Europe started around 1800, mostly using breaststroke. The front crawl, then called the trudgen, was introduced in 1873 by John Arthur Trudgen, copying it from Native Americans. Swimming was part of the first modern Olympic games in 1896 in Athens. In 1902 the trudgen was improved by Richard Cavill, using the flutter.
Early history of Poland (until 1385) - Early history of Poland (until 1385) This article is part of the History of Poland series. Early history of Poland (until 1385) The Jagiellon Era The Noble Republic Partitioned Poland (1795-1914) Independence of Poland Regained History of Poland (1939-1945) People's Republic of Poland History of Poland (1989-present) In the first centuries of its existence, the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European state, and integrated Poland into European culture. Formidable foreign enemies and internal fragmentation eroded this initial structure in the thirteenth century, but consolidation in the 1300s laid the base for the dominant Polish Kingdom that was to follow. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Origins of Poland 2 The Middle Ages.
Elisabeth of Bavaria - Elisabeth of Bavaria Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie, Duchess in Bavaria and Princess of Bavaria (House of Wittelsbach), Empress-Consort of Austria and Queen-Consort of Hungary, was born in Munich, Germany on December 24, 1837, and died in Geneva, Switzerland, on September 10, 1898. Her father was Maximilian, Duke in Bavaria, and her mother was Ludovika, Royal Princess of Bavaria; her family home was Castle Possenhofen. From an early age, she was called Sisi by family and friends. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Her life 2 Elisabeth: The myth 3 Further reading Her life In the summer of 1853, Elisabeth, aged 15, accompanied her mother and her older sister, Helene, on a trip to the resort of Ischl, Upper Austria [1], where they hoped Helene would attract the attention of.
Bavaria - Bavaria nds:Bayern Flag (lozengy variant) Flag (striped variant) Statistics Capital: Munich Area: 70,553 km² Inhabitants: 11,600,000 (2000) pop. density: 164 inh./km² Homepage: bayern.de ISO 3166-2: DE-BY Politics Minister-President: Edmund Stoiber (CSU) Ruling party: CSU Map With an area of 70,553 km² and 11.6 million inhabitants, Bavaria (German Bayern or Freistaat Bayern) forms the southernmost of the 16 Bundesländer of Germany. Its capital is Munich. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Geography 2 Politics 3 Administration 4 History 5 Miscellaneous 6.
Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps - Political history and modern state of the inhabitants of the Alps We know practically nothing of the early dwellers in the Alps, save from the scanty accounts preserved for us by Roman and Greek historians and geographers. A few details have come down to us of the conquest of many of the Alpine tribes by Augustus, though not much more than their names. The successive emigrations and occupation of the Alpine region by divers Teutonic tribes from the 5th to the 6th centuries are, too, known to us only in outline, while to them, as to the Frankish kings and emperors, the Alps offered a route from one place to another rather than a permanent residence. It is not till the final break up of the Carolingian.
Maximilian II of Bavaria - Maximilian II of Bavaria Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 - March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. He was son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. After studying at Gottingen and Berlin and travelling in Germany, Italy and Greece, he was introduced by his father into the council of state (1836). From the first he showed a studious disposition, declaring on one occasion that had he not been born in a royal cradle his choice would have been to become a professor. As crown prince, in the chateau of Hohenschwangau near Fiissen, which he had rebuilt with excellent taste, he gathered about him an intimate society of artists and men of learning and devoted his time to scientific and.
Ludwig I of Bavaria - Ludwig I of Bavaria Ludwig I or Louis I (August 25, 1786 – February 29, 1868) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until 1848. He was the son of Maximilian I and Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1810 he married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1792-1854), the wedding being the occasion of the first Oktoberfest. He succeeded his father on the throne in 1825 and patronised the arts. He moved the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität from Landshut to Munich in 1826. Ludwig became tainted with scandals associated with one of his mistresses, Lola Montez and he abdicated on March 20, 1848 in favour of his son, king Maximilian II of Bavaria. He was the father of: Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811-1864) Mathilde, Grand Duchess of Hesse and the Rhine (1813-1862) Otto (1815-1867), who.
Karl Krumbacher - Byzantine scholar, was born at Kurnach in Bavaria on September 23 1856. He was educated at the universities of Munich and Leipzig, and held the professorship of the middle age and modern Greek language and literature in the former from 1897 to his death. His greatest work is his Geschichte der byzantinischen Literatur von Justinian bis zum Ende des Ostroemischen Reiches (from Justinian to the fall of the Eastern Empire, 1453), a second edition of which was published in 1897, with the collaboration of A. Ehrhard (section on theology) and H Gelzer (general sketch of Byzantine history, AD 395-1453). The value of the work is greatly enhanced by the elaborate bibliographies contained in the body of the work and in a special supplement. Krumbacher also founded the Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892) and.
