History of Central America - History of Central America Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Before European Contact 2 Spanish Colonial Era 3 Independence 4 The United States of Central America 5 Disolution of the Union Before European Contact Most of modern Central America was part of the Mesoamerican cultural area in Pre-Columbian times. The Native American civilizations of Mesoamerica extended from central Mexico down to Costa Rica. The Precolumbian cultures of Panama traded both with Mesoamerica and the cultures of South America, and can be considered transitional between the two cultural areas. Spanish Colonial Era After the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century, most of the region now known as Central America shared a common history. The exceptions were the two nations at the north and south ends of Central America..
History of the Americas - History of the Americas The history of the Americas begins with their colonization by peoples from Asia, the ancestors of today's Native Americans. They established numerous civilizations such as the Moche, Cahokia, Maya, Toltecs, Olmec, Aztecs, Inca, and the Iroquois. The North American continent was first colonized by Asian nomads that crossed the frozen Bering Strait sometime around 20,000 BC. These tribes quickly spread out, reaching Cape Horn, which is located at the Southern tip of South America, roughly 10,000 years later. This is the major theory although recent archeological finds suggest multiple immigrations and different time scales but meaning of this evidence is widely debated. Although several large, centralized civilizations developed in the western hemisphere (e.g., the Inca in the Andes, the Aztecs and the.
History of North America - History of North America This article is the History of North America. Pre-colonial America History of the Americas European colonization of the Americas British colonization of the Americas Dutch colonization of the Americas French colonization of the Americas Russian colonization of the Americas Spanish colonization of the Americas Swedish colonization of the Americas History of Greenland History of Canada History of United States History of Central America History of the Caribbean History of Chinese immigrants Many natives of North America as the Europeans found them were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers; others were tribally based, more sedentary and agricultural. Many formed tribes in response to European colonization. Well-known groups include the Aztec, Maya, Huron, Mohawk, Apache, Cherokee, Sioux, Mohegan, Iroquois, and Inuit..
American Museum of Natural History - American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History is a landmark of Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York, at 79th Street and Central Park West. The museum has a staff of more than 200. The museum sponsors over 100 special field expeditions each year. The Museum was founded in 1869. Its first home was the Arsenal building in Central Park. In 1874, ground was broken for the present building, which occupies most of Manhattan Square. The original neo-Gothic range (1874-77), by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould, who were collaborating with Frederick Law Olmsted in structures for Central Park, was soon eclipsed by the south range of the museum, by J. C. Cady, a robust exercise in rusticated brownstone neo-Romanesque, influenced by H. H. Richardson..
History of Costa Rica - History of Costa Rica History of Costa Rica In Pre-Columbian times the Native Americans in what is now Costa Rica were part of the Mesoamerica cultural area. Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Nicoya, Costa Rica The native peoples were conquered by Spain in the 16th century. Costa Rica was then the southern-most province in the Spanish territory of New Spain. The provincial capital was in Cartago. After a brief time in the Mexican Empire of Augustin de Iturbide (see: History of Mexico) Costa Rica became a state in the United States of Central America (see: History of Central America) from 1823 to 1839. In 1824 the capital was moved to San José. From the 1840s on Costa Rica was an independent nation. Costa Rica is a Central American.
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early Mormon History 1.1 First Vision 1.2 Translation of The Book of Mormon 2 Founding of the Church and Early Hostility 3 The Church in Ohio 4 The Church in Missouri 5 The Church in Illinois 5.3 The Assassination of Joseph and Hyrum Smith 5.4 Succession of Leadership Crisis in 1844 6 Migration to Utah and Colonization of the West (1846 to c. 1878) 7 Polygamy and Utah Statehood (c. 1878 to c. 1898) 8 Modernization and Americanization (c. 1898 to c. 1945) 8.5 The Codification of Mormon Doctrine 8.6 The Church and Evolution 8.7 The Church and Prohibition 8.8 The Church Welfare System 9 Global Growth and Internationalism (c. 1945.
History of Guatemala - History of Guatemala Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-Columbian Guatemala 2 The Era of Spanish Rule 3 The 19th Century 4 The Early 20th Century 5 The "Ten Years of Spring" 6 The late 20th Century 6.1 1986 to 2000 7 The 21st Century Pre-Columbian Guatemala The Maya civilization flourished throughout much of Guatemala and the surrounding region for close to 2000 years before the Spanish arrived. Most of the Great Classic Maya cities of the Petén region of Guatemala's northern lowlands were abandoned by the year 1000 AD. The states of the central highlands, however, were still flourishing until the arrival of the Spanish Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado who brutally subjegated the native states in 1523-1527. Native peoples of the Guatemala highlands, such as the.
History of Europe - History of Europe For links to the history of individual countries in Europe see the end of this article. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The origins 2 The Greeks 3 Rome 4 Early Middle Ages 5 Later Middle Ages 6 Renaissance and Reformation 7 Colonial expansion 8 The 16th, 17th and 18th century 9 The French Revolution and Napoleon 10 The 19th century 11 Early 20th century: the World Wars 12 Late 20th century: the Cold War 13 Early 21st century: the European Union 14 Histories of present-day territories The origins Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The earliest appearance of modern people in Europe has been dated to 35,000 B.C. Evidence of permanent settlement dates from 7,000 B.C The.
History of Spain - History of Spain This is the history of Spain. See also the history of Europe and history of present-day nations and states. It is traditional (only since 19th century) to start the history of modern Spain with the Visigoth kingdom. Although it is debatable whether there is continuity between it and the Kingdom of Castilla and Aragon after the 15th century, a discussion of modern Spain would be incomplete without a mention of the Visigoth Kingdom. Accordingly, Both it and Al Andalus have their own sections in this article, but should have full-blown articles of their own. The history of Spain just before the Visigoths belongs in the Roman Empire article. Before the Roman Empire, the Iberian Peninsula was never politically unified, see Preroman Iberia for.
History of Honduras - History of Honduras Pre-Colombian times In Pre-Columbian times, what is now Honduras was part of the MesoAmerican cultural area. The western part of Honduras was part of the famous Maya civilization; Honduras's most impressive Pre-Columbian ruins are the ancient Maya city state of Copan, near the border with Guatemala. The great Maya culture that flourished there for hundreds of years until the early 9th century. Remains of other Pre-Columbian cultures are found throughout the country, notably at sites like La Travecia and the Ulua valley. A collection of the nation's pre-Hispanic artifacts can be found at the National Museum in Tegucigalpa. Spanish period Christopher Columbus landed at mainland Honduras (Trujillo) in 1502. He named it "Honduras" (meaning "depths") for the deep water off the coast. Spaniard.
History of philosophy - History of philosophy Philosophy has a long history. Generally, philosophers divide the history of Western philosophy into ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy, and contemporary philosophy. Ancient Philosophy Western Philosophy is generally said to begin in the Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with Thales of Miletus, who was active around 585 B.C. and left us the opaque dictum, "All is water." His most noted students were Anaximenes of Miletus and Anaximander ("All is air"). Other thinkers and schools appeared throughout Greece over the next couple of centuries. Among the most important were: Heraclitus, who stressed the transitory and chaotic nature of all things ("All is fire"; "We cannot step into the same river twice"). Anaxagoras, who conversely asserted that reality was so ordered that.
History of Africa - History of Africa The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. The text may be dated in parts because it was taken originally from a 1911 encyclopedia— please modernise and update as required. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origins of the Name 2 Prehistory 3 Neolithic North Africa and Phoenician and Greek colonization 4 Islamic North Africa 5 Sub-Saharan Africa: Medieval empires 6 European exploration and conquest 6.1 Portuguese 6.2 19th Century European explorers 6.3 Partition among European Powers 6.4 Conflicting ambitions of the European powers 6.5 The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 7 Africa at the start of the 20th century 8 Africa Between the World Wars 9 World War II Era.
History of Christianity - History of Christianity This article outlines the history of Christianity and provides links to relevant topics. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roots of Christianity 1.1 The Jewish background 1.2 The Life of Jesus of Nazareth 2 The earliest emergence of Christianity 2.3 Early Controversies 2.4 Competing Religions 3 Second and third centuries 4 Fourth century 4.5 Development of the canon of scripture 4.6 Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire 4.7 Fourth-century pagan revival by Rome 4.8 The Christological controversies 4.9 Christianity becomes a state religion 5 Fifth century 5.10 The conversion of the Mediterranean world 6 Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world 7 Development of the Papacy 8 The rise of Islam 9 Persecutions 10 Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe 11 Church &.
History of Finland - History of Finland This is the history of Finland. See also the history of Sweden, history of Russia, history of Europe, history of the European Union, and history of present-day nations and states. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-history 2 A part of Sweden 3 Russian Grand Duchy 3..1 Nationalism 3..2 Russification 4 Independence and Civil War 4..3 Successful independence 5 Finland in the inter-war era 6 Finland in World War II 7 Finland's friendship with the Soviet Union 8 Finland in the post-Soviet era Pre-history Archeological evidence for the first settelers, mostly from the south and east, can be traced back to the 8000 BC. After 6500 BC the so called "Suomusjärvi culture", a hunter-gatherer society, spread over most of the country. Around 4200 BC.
History of Nicaragua - History of Nicaragua Nicaragua takes its name from Nicarao, chief of the Native American tribe then living around present-day Lake Nicaragua. In 1524, Conquistador Hernandez de Cordoba founded the first Spanish permanent settlements in the region, including two of Nicaragua's two principal towns: Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon east of Lake Managua. Settled as a colony of Spain in the 1520s, Nicaragua became a part of the Mexican Empire and then gained its independence as a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1821 and as an independent republic in its own right in 1838. The Mosquito coast based on Bluefields on the Atlantic was claimed by Great Britain as a protectorate from 1655 to 1850; this was delegated to Honduras in 1859.
History of Panama - History of Panama '''History of Panama Pre-Columbian ceramic figure from Talamancan, Panama Panama had a rich Pre-Colombian heritage of native populations whose presence stretched back over 12,000 years. The earliest traces of these indigenous peoples include fluted projectile points. Central Panama was home to some of the first pottery-making villages in the Americas, such as the Monagrillo culture dating to about 2500-1700 BC. These evolved into significant populations that are best known through the spectacular burials of the Conte site (dating to c. AD 500-900) and the beautiful polychrome pottery of the Coclé style. Panama's history has been shaped by the evolution of the world economy and the ambitions of great powers. Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold, was.
History of Peru - History of Peru For pre-1530 history see Incan Empire. When the Spanish landed in 1531, Peru's territory was the nucleus of the highly developed Inca civilization. Centered at Cuzco, the Inca Empire extended over a vast region from northern Ecuador to central Chile. In search of Inca wealth, the Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro, who arrived in the territory after the Incas had fought a debilitating civil war, conquered the weakened people. The Spanish had captured the Incan capital at Cuzco by 1533 and consolidated their control by 1542. Establishing a stable colonial government was delayed for some time by native revolts and bands of the Conquistadores fighting among themselves. Once the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, Gold and silver from the Andes enriched the conquerors, and.
History of Puerto Rico - History of Puerto Rico Spanish Colonization On November 19, 1493, Christopher Columbus "dicovered" the island, claimed it for Spain, and named it San Juan Bautista. In 1644, Diego Salcedo is drowned; with his death, the native Taino Indians discovered that Spaniards were not gods, deciding later to declare war on the Europeans, a war the Tainos would lose. Located at the north east of the Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico was key to the Spanish Empire since the early years of conquest and colonization of the New World. The smallest of the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico was a major military post during many wars between Spain and the other European powers for control of the region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; a stepping stone in the.
History of Venezuela - History of Venezuela At the time of the Spanish discovery, the indigenous people were mainly agriculturists and hunters living in groups along the coast, the Andean mountain range, and along the Orinoco River. The first permanent Spanish settlement in South America, Nueva Cadiz was established in Venezuela in 1522. There was a plan for German settlement led by the Fugger bankers that didn't work out. The provinces which constitute today's Venezuela were relatively neglected, alternatively under the central autority of the Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru, situated in the places where the great American Empires (mainly Aztecs and Incas) had had their capital cities. Those were the centers of interest for the Spaniards in the 1500s and 1600s because of the gold and silver mines..
History of Brazil - History of Brazil This article is at the top of the History of Brazil Series. Colonial Brazil Empire of Brazil History of Brazil (1889-1930) History of Brazil (1930-1964) History of Brazil (1964-present) Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil was an independent monarchy from 1822 to 1889. Even under the Old Republic (1889-1930), however, agrarian oligarchies continued to dominate the central and state governments. Following the 1930 Revolution, the landed elites were pushed aside and the state played an active role in pursuing industrial and agricultural growth and development of the interior. Years of "regime change" in 1889, 1930, and 1964 introduced protracted adjustment that involved some authoritarian rule. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil is today South America's leading.
