History of Costa Rica - History of Costa Rica History of Costa Rica In Pre-Columbian times the Native Americans in what is now Costa Rica were part of the Mesoamerica cultural area. Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Nicoya, Costa Rica The native peoples were conquered by Spain in the 16th century. Costa Rica was then the southern-most province in the Spanish territory of New Spain. The provincial capital was in Cartago. After a brief time in the Mexican Empire of Augustin de Iturbide (see: History of Mexico) Costa Rica became a state in the United States of Central America (see: History of Central America) from 1823 to 1839. In 1824 the capital was moved to San José. From the 1840s on Costa Rica was an independent nation. Costa Rica is a Central American.
History of Central America - History of Central America Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Before European Contact 2 Spanish Colonial Era 3 Independence 4 The United States of Central America 5 Disolution of the Union Before European Contact Most of modern Central America was part of the Mesoamerican cultural area in Pre-Columbian times. The Native American civilizations of Mesoamerica extended from central Mexico down to Costa Rica. The Precolumbian cultures of Panama traded both with Mesoamerica and the cultures of South America, and can be considered transitional between the two cultural areas. Spanish Colonial Era After the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century, most of the region now known as Central America shared a common history. The exceptions were the two nations at the north and south ends of Central America..
Demographics of Costa Rica - Demographics of Costa Rica Unlike many of their Central American neighbors, present-day Costa Ricans are largely of European rather than mestizo descent; Spain was the primary country of origin. Few of the native Indians survived European contact; the indigenous population today numbers about 29,000 or less than 1% of the population. Descendants of 19th century Jamaican immigrant workers constitute an English-speaking minority and -- at 3% of the population -- number about 96,000. In 1502, on his fourth and last voyage to the New World, Christopher Columbus made the first European landfall in the area. Settlement of Costa Rica began in 1522. For nearly three centuries, Spain administered the region as part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala under a military governor. The Spanish optimistically called the.
Costa Rica - Costa Rica Costa Rica (In Detail) ''National motto: Official language Spanish Capital San Jose President Abel Pacheco Area - Total - % water Ranked 125th 51,100 km² 0.7% Population - Total (2003 E) - Density Ranked 122st 3,835,000 75,05/km² Independence - Date From Spain September 15, 1821 Currency Colon Time zone UTC -6 National anthem Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera Internet TLD .cr Calling Code 506 The Republic of Costa Rica is a republic of Central America. Remarkably for the region, Costa Rica has stood as a bastion of stability and democracy for decades. In fact, Costa Rica has no military, only a domestic police force. The capital is San José. History of Costa Rica Geography of Costa Rica Demographics of Costa Rica Politics of Costa.
San José, Costa Rica - San José, Costa Rica San José is the capital and largest city of the nation of Costa Rica. It is also the capital of San José province. San José is located in the center of the country at 10.0° N, 84.2° W; it is in a mountain plateau at an elevation of about 1,170 meters (some 4,000 feet) above sea level. In 1997 the city had an estimated population of 329,154 people: the latter half of the 20th century was a period of rapid growth for the city, considering that in 1950 its population was a mere 86,900. History San José was a small village of little importance until 1824. In that year, Costa Rica's first elected head of state, liberal Juan Mora Fernández, decided to move the.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights - and Duties of Man, and the American Convention on Human Rights. It is a permanent body, with headquarters in Washington, D.C, and it meets in regular and special sessions several times year. The other body in the system is the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, headquartered in San José, Costa Rica. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History of the inter-American human rights system 2 Functions of the Inter-American Commission 3 How the Commission processes cases 4 Composition of the Inter-American Commission 4.1 Current Commissioners 4.2 Future Commissioners 4.3 Past Commissioners 5.
History of present-day nations and states - History of present-day nations and states This is a list of articles on the history of the countries that still exist today. See List of extinct countries, empires, etc for articles about countries that are no longer in existence. See List of countries for other articles and lists on countries. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Andorra - Angola - Anguilla - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Aruba - Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Australia - Austria - Azerbaijan B Bahamas - Bahrain - Baker Island - Bangladesh - Barbados - Bassas da India - Belarus.
History of Nicaragua - History of Nicaragua Nicaragua takes its name from Nicarao, chief of the Native American tribe then living around present-day Lake Nicaragua. In 1524, Conquistador Hernandez de Cordoba founded the first Spanish permanent settlements in the region, including two of Nicaragua's two principal towns: Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon east of Lake Managua. Settled as a colony of Spain in the 1520s, Nicaragua became a part of the Mexican Empire and then gained its independence as a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1821 and as an independent republic in its own right in 1838. The Mosquito coast based on Bluefields on the Atlantic was claimed by Great Britain as a protectorate from 1655 to 1850; this was delegated to Honduras in 1859.
Central America - Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana Roo. However Central America is much more commonly understood to correspond with the boundries of the nations inbetween Mexico and Colombia. In this most common definition, Central America consists of the countries of: Guatemala Belize Honduras El Salvador Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Central America thus has an area of about 540,000 km² (208,500 square miles), and a width between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea ranging from about 560 km to about 50 km (350 miles to about 30 miles). Additionally, there was a nation of Central America in the early 19th century, consisting of the present day nations of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica (and a portion of the modern Mexican state of Chiapas). This was sometimes known as the United.
Central American Common Market - of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua in a conference in Managua. These nations ratified the treaties of membership the following year. Costa Rica joined the CACM in (date?). The CACM has succeeded in largely unifying external tariffs and increasing trade within the member nations, but has not achieved further goals of greater economic and political unification that were hoped for at the organization's founding. See also: History of Central America.
Pan-American Highway (route) - United States (Alaska) 2 Canada 3 United States 4 Mexico 5 Guatemala 6 El Salvador 7 Honduras 8 Nicaragua 9 Costa Rica 10 Panama United States (Alaska) Alaska Circle The Pan-American Highway unofficially begins in Circle, Alaska, following Alaska Highway 6 southwest to Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks From Alaska's third largest city, the Pan-American Highway and the Alaska Highway become one in the same, following Alaska Highway 2 southeast to the Canadian border southeast of Northway, Alaska and adjacent to the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge. ''Note: The Pan-American Highway reenters the U.S. in Washington state. Canada Yukon Crossing the border into Canada, Alaska Highway 2 turns into Yukon Highway 1. The first significant settlement along the way is Beaver Creek, Yukon. Haines Junction At Haines Junction, Yukon Highway 1 turns east toward.
Native American - Act (ANSCA) and because of the presence of the Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples, the term Alaskan Native predominates. (See further discussion below.) Native Americans officially make up the majority of the population in Bolivia, Peru and Guatemala and are significant in most other former Spanish colonies, with the exception of Costa Rica, Cuba, Argentina, Dominican Republic and Uruguay. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 The Arrival of Europeans 3 Classification – United States 3.1 Arctic 3.2 Subarctic 3.3 California 3.4 Eastern Woodlands 3.5 Great Basin 3.6 Plateau 3.7 Northwest Coast 3.8 Plains 3.9 Southeast 3.10 Southwest 4 Classification – Central and South America 4.11 Caribbean 4.12 Mesoamerican 4.13 Andean 4.14 Sub-Andean 4.15 Western Amazon 4.16 Central Amazon 4.17 Eastern and Southern Amazon 4.18 Southern Cone 5 Languages 6 Culture.
North America - west, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island on the east, and Ellesmere Island, Baffin Island, and Victoria Island in the north. Mexico United States includes the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. At the extreme southern end of the continent, in a relatively small area (smaller than an average Canadian province) called Central America are: Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama At the extreme southeastern end of the continent, lies a chain of islands territories called the Antilles, the Caribbean or the West Indies. They include: Anguilla (British dependency) Antigua and Barbuda Aruba (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) Bahamas Barbados British Virgin Islands (British dependency) Cayman Islands (British dependency) Cuba Dominica (Commonwealth of) Dominican Republic Grenada Guadeloupe (overseas department of France) Haiti Jamaica Martinique (overseas department of.
Latin America - part of Latin America. Yet this was the original intention of the term – "Latin America" was first proposed during the French occupation of Mexico (1862-1867), when Napoleon III supported Archduke Maximilian's pretensions to be emperor of Mexico. The French hoped that an inclusive notion of "Latin" America would support their cause. That Mexican citizens eventually expelled the French while retaining the term "Latino" is perhaps one of history's more charming ironies. The alternative term Ibero-America is sometimes used to refer to the nations that were formerly colonies of Spain and Portugal, as these two countries are located on the peninsula of Iberia. The Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI) takes this defintion a step further, by including Spain and Portugal (often termed the Mother Countries of Latin America) among its member.
Latin American music - of Cuba, from the symphonies of Heitor Villa-Lobos to the simple and moving Andean flute. Music has played an important part in Latin America's turbulent recent history, for example the nueva cancion movement. Not to be forgotten also is the fact that Latin America produced one of the greatest boy bands in history, Menudo, out of which Martin came from, and which spawned mass hysteria worldwide and a string of other groups (Such as Mexico's Magneto, Puerto Rico's Los Chicos and Venezuela's Los Chamos and Ufff that tried to imitate Menudo's success. Chayanne, now an international superstar, was a member of Los Chicos. Menudo was preceded by another Edgardo Diaz creation, Spain's La Pandilla. Although Spain isn't a part of Latin America, Spanish music and Latin American music strongly cross-fertilized each.
JINSA - and tactics between U.S. law enforcement agencies and the Israeli national police. The inaugural program, which included 12 police chiefs and sheriffs from departments in major American metropolitan areas, including the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD) of New York and New Jersey, has already led to massive changes in U.S. counter-terrorism tactics. In addition, JINSA officials have served as official and unofficial representatives of the United States on visits to more than 30 nations, including roles as election observers in many former Soviet-bloc republics. Each fall, JINSA presents an annual Distinguished Service Award, named in honor of the late-Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson to U.S. government leaders (generally a Senator or two members of the U.S. House of Representatives) for their career dedication to U.S. national security. Past honorees have included:.
Juan Galindo - and army officer. Galindo's father was a government official in Costa Rica. He was of Spanish, English and Irish descent, but the curious rumor that Juan Galindo was actually born in Ireland as "John Gallager" seems to be false. He fought for Central American independence from Spain, and led the charge that took the fortress at Omoa, the last Spanish stronghold in Central America. Galindo worked for the government of the United States of Central America (see: History of Central America). In addition to his military duties, he wrote accounts of local conditions, topography, and landmarks. He explored a number of ruins of the Maya civilization, including Palenque and Copan, and wrote descriptive accounts. Galindo's publications attracted the attention of US writer John Lloyd Stephens, prompting Stephens' more detailed investigation of.
Viasa - Viasa History Viasa, Venezolana Internacional de Aviación, Sociedad Anónima - VIASA - was the result of a government decision in 1959 to transfer the international operations of Venezuela's government airline Línea Aeropostal Venezolana - (Aeropostal) - to a newly-created joint venture which, free from government interference, could adequately perform the task of serving as the nation's flag carrier. Thus, Aeropostal put up 51% of the capital and private investors including AVENSA(owned then by Pan American Airways ) the remaining 49%. The board of directors came entirely from the private sector. VIASA began its life as an entity in November 1960, placing an order for 2 Convair 880-22M and entering an agreement with KLM - Royal Dutch Airlines for a wet-lease of DC-8 equipment with which to begin.
Francisco Morazán - colony of New Spain. When New Spain became independent in 1821 he was among those objecting to Central America's annexation to Agustin de Iturbide's Mexican Empire (see: History of Mexico); two years later he was a Honduran representative forming the new nation of the United States of Central America. On September 25, 1824 he was elected General Secretary of the Government of the State of Honduras. In 1827 Jose Justo Milla led a conservative coup taking over the Honduran state government; Morazán proved himself a skillfull military leader, defeating Milla's forces at the Battle of La Trinidad on November 11, 1827, south of Tegucigalpa. Answering the request of the government of El Salvador, Morazán also succeeded in quashing a revolt there, and he became famous throughout Central America. In 1830 Morazán.
Economy of Russia - therapy, led to interest rates of 20, 30, 40, 250 percent. Then, the focus on macro-stabilization, which wiped out the savings of most Russians, left non-insiders largely incapable of buying the enterprises. More over, privatized enterprises would be difficult to revitalize, given the high interest rates and lack of financial institutions to provide capital. In this sense, he argues that privatization accompanied by the opening of the capital markets, led not to wealth creation but to asset stripping. Stiglitz contends that insider privatization, under these conditions, provided incentives for asset-stripping and not growth, leading to movements $2 billion to $3 billion of capital per month. According to Stiglitz, "Anyone smart enough to be a winner in the privatization sweepstakes would be smart enough to put their money in the booming US.
