History of Djibouti - History of Djibouti The Republic of Djibouti gained its independence on June 27, 1977. It is the successor to French Somaliland (later called the French Territory of the Afars and Issas), which was created in the first half of the 19th century as a result of French interest in the Horn of Africa. However, the history of Djibouti, recorded in poetry and songs of its nomadic peoples, goes back thousands of years to a time when Djiboutians traded hides and skins for the perfumes and spices of ancient Egypt, India, and China. Through close contacts with the Arabian peninsula for more than 1,000 years, the Somali and Afar tribes in this region became the first on the African continent to adopt Islam. It was Rochet d'Hericourt's.
History of Ethiopia - History of Ethiopia Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world. Herodotus, the Greek historian of the 5th century BC describes ancient Ethiopia in his writings. The Old Testament of the Bible records the Queen of Sheba's visit to Jerusalem. According to legend, Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, founded the Ethiopian Empire. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Earliest History 1.1 Introduction of Christianity 2 Portuguese Influence 3 The Period of Isolation 4 Leaving the Medieval World 5 Modern History 6 Reference Earliest History The connection between Egypt and Ethiopia from at least as early as the Twenty-second Dynasty was very intimate, and occasionally the two countries were under the same ruler,.
History of present-day nations and states - History of present-day nations and states This is a list of articles on the history of the countries that still exist today. See List of extinct countries, empires, etc for articles about countries that are no longer in existence. See List of countries for other articles and lists on countries. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Andorra - Angola - Anguilla - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Aruba - Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Australia - Austria - Azerbaijan B Bahamas - Bahrain - Baker Island - Bangladesh - Barbados - Bassas da India - Belarus.
History of Africa - History of Africa The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. The text may be dated in parts because it was taken originally from a 1911 encyclopedia— please modernise and update as required. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origins of the Name 2 Prehistory 3 Neolithic North Africa and Phoenician and Greek colonization 4 Islamic North Africa 5 Sub-Saharan Africa: Medieval empires 6 European exploration and conquest 6.1 Portuguese 6.2 19th Century European explorers 6.3 Partition among European Powers 6.4 Conflicting ambitions of the European powers 6.5 The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 7 Africa at the start of the 20th century 8 Africa Between the World Wars 9 World War II Era.
History of Somalia - History of Somalia Early History The original settlers of the Somali region were ethnic Cushites from the fertile lakes of southern Ethiopia. This group is sub-divided into a number of other ethnicities, which are still readily recognized (and fought over) today. Archeaological evidence supports the idea that most of the coastline of present day Somalia had been settled by 100 AD. These early villages put the Somalis in contact with Arab traders traveling along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. In the ensuing centuries, the Somalis were one of the first peoples to convert to Islam. The Arabs established the ancient city of Salec on the horn of Africa which would last as a central trading hub until the 17th century, when it was sacked by.
Djibouti - Djibouti This article is about the country Djibouti. For that country's capital city of the same name, see Djibouti, Djibouti. The Republic of Djibouti (جيبوتي) is a country in eastern Africa, located in the Horn of Africa. Djibouti is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the south east. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Yemen, on the Arab peninsula, is only 20 km from the coast of Djibouti. République de Djibouti Jumhouriyya Djibouti (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: ? Official languages Arabic, French Capital Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh Area - Total - % water Ranked 147th 22,000 km² 0% Population - Total (2000) - Density.
Emergency telephone number - Generally one emergency service can call on each of the other services to assist them. Generally it is best to allow the emergency dispatcher to control the call, as they are specially trained to do so. The emergency dispatcher may find it necessary to give urgent advice in life-threatening situations. Some dispatchers have special training in telling people how to perform first aid or even cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In many parts of the world an emergency service can identify the telephone number that a call has been placed from. This is normally done using the system that the telephone company uses to bill calls, rather than Caller ID. This means that emergency services can identify even unlisted telephone numbers. For an indiviual fixed landline telephone the callers number can often be associated.
Eritrea - a country in northeast Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the east. The northeast of the country has an extensive coastline with the Red Sea. Having achieved independence in 1993, Eritrea is currently one of the youngest independent states. Hagere Ertra Eritrea has no national coat of arms (In Detail) National motto: None Official languages Tigrignan and Arabic Capital Asmara President Afworki Isaias Area - Total - % water Ranked 96th 121,320 km² Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 118th 4,298,269 37/km² Independence - Date From Ethiopia May 24, 1993 Currency Nakfa Time zone UTC +3 National anthem Ertra, Ertra, Ertra Internet TLD .ER Calling Code 291 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Politics 3 Regions 4 Geography.
Thor Heyerdahl - denied the possibility. At that time, I suffered from fear of the water," Heyerdahl once said. In subsequent years, Heyerdahl was involved with many other expeditions and archaeological projects. However, he remained best known for his boat-building, and for his emphasis on cultural diffusionism. He built the boats Ra and Ra II in order to demonstrate that Ancient Egyptians could have communicated with the Americas. His boat Tigris was intended to demonstrate that trade and migration could have linked the Indus Valley Civilisation in India with Mesopotamia. The Tigris was deliberately burnt in Djibouti, on April 3, 1978 as a protest against the wars raging on every side in the Red Sea and Horn of Africa. In Heyerdahl's open letter to the Secretary of the United Nations he said in part:.
Currency - tender (e.g. Panama has declared US currency to be legal tender). Each currency typically has one fraction currency, often valued at 1/100 of the main currency: 100 centss = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc. Units of 1/10 or 1/1000 are also common, but some currencies do not have any smaller units. Mauritania is the only remaining country that does not use the decimal system; the only smaller currency unit is the khoum, which equals 1/5 of a ouguiya (UM). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Modern currencies 3 Currency names 4 Currency symbols 5 See also History The history of currencies follows the history of money closely. Although any form of representational money can be considered currency, the term is typically applied to standardized coinage, and the systems.
Scramble for Africa - of the New Imperialism Imperialism in Asia Scramble for Africa Imperial rivalry Theories of New Imperialism Accumulation theory World Systems theory The interpretations of recent scholarship In the history of Africa, the Scramble for Africa is the period between the 1880s and the start of World War I, when colonial empires were acquired faster than anywhere else on the globe. It is the canonical example of the New Imperialism. The latter half of 19th century saw the transition from an "informal" empire of control through economic dominance to direct control, marked from the 1870s on by the scramble for territory in areas previously regarded as under influence. The Berlin Conference, 1884-85 regulated the imperial competition between Britain, France and Germany, defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of colonial.
Somalia - in the hands of small groups of rival warlords who lead small opposing governments. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Flag 2 History 3 Politics 4 Provinces 5 Economy 6 Geography 7 Demographics 8 Miscellaneous topics Flag History Main article: History of Somalia Intermittent civil war has been a fact of life in Somalia since 1977. In 1991, the northern portion of the country declared its independence as Somaliland; although de facto independent and relatively stable compared to the tumultuous south, it has not been recognized by any foreign government. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew on March 3, 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. Politics Main article: Politics of.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - reflections in his diaries and in letters to his cousin, Marguerite Teillard-Chambon, who later edited them into a book: Genèse d'une pensée (Genesis of a thought). He confessed later: "... the war was a meeting ... with the Absolute." In 1916, he wrote his first essay: La Vie Cosmique (Cosmic life), where his scientific and philosophical thought was revealed just as his mystical life. He pronounced his solemn wish to become a Jesuit in Sainte Foy-the-Lyon, on May 26, 1918, during a leave. In August 1919, in Jersey, he would write Puissance spirituelle de la Matière (the spiritual Power of Matter). The complete essays written between 1916 and 1919 are published under the following titles: Ecrits du temps de la Guerre (Written in time of the War) (TXII of complete Works).
Obock - Obok, Ubuk) is a small port town of Djibouti, located on the northern shore of the Gulf of Tadjoura where it opens out into the Gulf of Aden. Population in 2003 is about 8,300. Obock was originally significant as the site of a French colony, established by treaty with the local rulers March 11, 1862. The French interest was to have a coaling station for steamships, which would become especially important upon the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. (Up to that time French ships had to buy coal at the British port of Aden across the gulf, an unwise dependency in case of war.) By 1885 Obock had 800 inhabitants and a school. However, the anchorage was more exposed than the site of Djibouti on the south side of.
List of extinct countries, empires, etc. - countries 6 Renamed countries 7 "Independent" Homelands of South Africa 8 Secessionist states 9 Countries now part of other countries 10 To be classified Ancient Eurasian Civilizations Territories that disappeared in ancient history. Adiabene Akkad Empire of Alexander the Great Assyria Babylonia Carthage Chaldea Commagene Dacia Etruria Egyptian Empire Hellenic city-states (Athens, Sparta, Syracuse, etc) Hittites Hurrians Ancient Illyria Indus Valley Civilisation (Harappa, Mohenjo Daro in present Pakistan) South Asia Kingdom of Israel Kingdom of Judah Lydia (Mæonia) Media Persian Empire Pontus Roman Republic, Roman Empire Scythia Sumer Urartu Ancient American Civilisations Anasazi Aztec Empire Incan Empire Iroquois Confederation Maya civilization Teotihuacan Empire Toltecs Middle Ages to modern times Byzantine Empire (395-1453) Empire of Nicaea (1204-1261) Crusader States (1098-1291) County of Edessa Kingdom of Jerusalem Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli.
List of countries - countries of the world. Lists by country Topical country articles see also: WikiProject Countries History Politics Subnational entities Culture: see in Culture Transportation Tourism: see in Tourism Flags and national flag Military: see in armed force Music National anthems National leaders National legislatures Intelligence agencies Topics sorted by country All topics Airlines Authors Battles Cathedrals Cemeteries Cities Colleges and universities Companies Education Incumbents Islands Light-rail transit systems Natonal parks Newspapers People Political parties Popular tourist regions Railway companies Schools Subnational capitals World Heritage Sites Lists for most countries Adjectives Countries by system of government Country calling codes Country name etymologies FIPS country codess Forex rates Historical capitals Internet TLDs IOC country codess ISO country codess National capitals National emblems Official languages Popular family names State mottos UN member states Voting systems.
Ka-tzetnik - one survivor, writer-historian Yehiel Dinur, wrote his books under a penname Ka-Tzetnik 135633, after his Nazi designation. His work documents the history of Nazi atrocities..
Vespasian - on a sound footing. He renewed old taxes and instituted new, increased the tribute of the provinces, and kept a watchful eye upon the treasury officials. By his own example of simplicity of life, he put to shame the luxury and extravagance of the Roman nobles and initiated in many respects a marked improvement in the general tone of society. As censor he reformed the Senate and Equestrian orders, removing unfit and unworthy members and promoting good and able men, among them Gnaeus Julius Agricola. At the same time, he made it more dependent upon the emperor, by exercising an influence upon its composition. He altered the constitution of the Praetorian Guard, in which only Italians, formed into nine cohorts, were enrolled. In 70 a formidable rising in Gaul, headed by.
Karl Krumbacher - bis zum Ende des Ostroemischen Reiches (from Justinian to the fall of the Eastern Empire, 1453), a second edition of which was published in 1897, with the collaboration of A. Ehrhard (section on theology) and H Gelzer (general sketch of Byzantine history, AD 395-1453). The value of the work is greatly enhanced by the elaborate bibliographies contained in the body of the work and in a special supplement. Krumbacher also founded the Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892) and the Byzantinisches Archiv (1898). He travelled extensively and the results of a journey to Greece appeared in his Griechische Reise (1886). Other works by him are: Casio (1897), a treatise on a 9th century Byzantine poetess, with the fragments; Michael Glykas (1894); Die griechische Litteratur das Mittelalters in P. Hinneberg’s Die Kultur der Gegenwart, i..
Kazoo - of "Crazy Blues", what the casual listener might mistake for a trombone solo is actually a kazoo solo by drummer Tony Sbarbaro. The Mound City Blue Blowers had a number of hit kazoo records in the early 1920s. The Mound City Blue Blowers featured Dick Slevin on metal kazoo and Red McKenzie on comb and tissue paper kazoo. The kazoo is not often found in classical music, a rare exception being David Bedford's With 100 Kazoos, a piece which emphasises the simplicity of the instrument - rather than being played by trained musicians, kazoos are handed out to members of the audience, who accompany a professional instrumental ensemble. External Links Rick Hubbard's Kazoobie Home Page Kazooco, kazoo museum and historic manufacturer Eden, NY, home of Kazooco "This is a kazoo!" more.
