History of El Salvador - History of El Salvador Before the Spanish conquest, the area that is now El Salvador was made up of two large indigenous states and several principalities. The indigenous inhabitants were the Pipils, a tribe of nomadic Nahua people long established in Central Mexico. Early in their history, they became one of the few Mesoamerican indigenous groups to abolish human sacrifice. Otherwise, their culture was similar to that of their Aztec and Mayan neighbours. Remains of Nahua culture are still found at ruins such as Tazumal (near Chalchuapa), San Andres (northeast of Armenia), and Joya De Ceren (north of Colón). The first Spanish attempt to subjugate this area failed in 1524, when Pedro de Alvarado was forced to retreat by Pipil warriors. In 1525, he returned and.
El Salvador - El Salvador El Salvador is a tropical nation located in Latin America with a population of approximately 6.2 million people. Local Short Name: El Salvador Local Long Name: República de El Salvador (Republic of El Salvador) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Important Cities 2 Background 3 Economy - overview 4 Politics 5 International rankings Important Cities San Salvador Capital City Santa Ana San Miguel Sonsonate Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost the lives of some 75,000 people, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. Economy - overview El Salvador's poor Central American economy.
History of Honduras - History of Honduras Pre-Colombian times In Pre-Columbian times, what is now Honduras was part of the MesoAmerican cultural area. The western part of Honduras was part of the famous Maya civilization; Honduras's most impressive Pre-Columbian ruins are the ancient Maya city state of Copan, near the border with Guatemala. The great Maya culture that flourished there for hundreds of years until the early 9th century. Remains of other Pre-Columbian cultures are found throughout the country, notably at sites like La Travecia and the Ulua valley. A collection of the nation's pre-Hispanic artifacts can be found at the National Museum in Tegucigalpa. Spanish period Christopher Columbus landed at mainland Honduras (Trujillo) in 1502. He named it "Honduras" (meaning "depths") for the deep water off the coast. Spaniard.
History of present-day nations and states - History of present-day nations and states This is a list of articles on the history of the countries that still exist today. See List of extinct countries, empires, etc for articles about countries that are no longer in existence. See List of countries for other articles and lists on countries. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Andorra - Angola - Anguilla - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Aruba - Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Australia - Austria - Azerbaijan B Bahamas - Bahrain - Baker Island - Bangladesh - Barbados - Bassas da India - Belarus.
History of Nicaragua - History of Nicaragua Nicaragua takes its name from Nicarao, chief of the Native American tribe then living around present-day Lake Nicaragua. In 1524, Conquistador Hernandez de Cordoba founded the first Spanish permanent settlements in the region, including two of Nicaragua's two principal towns: Granada on Lake Nicaragua and Leon east of Lake Managua. Settled as a colony of Spain in the 1520s, Nicaragua became a part of the Mexican Empire and then gained its independence as a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1821 and as an independent republic in its own right in 1838. The Mosquito coast based on Bluefields on the Atlantic was claimed by Great Britain as a protectorate from 1655 to 1850; this was delegated to Honduras in 1859.
History of Central America - History of Central America Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Before European Contact 2 Spanish Colonial Era 3 Independence 4 The United States of Central America 5 Disolution of the Union Before European Contact Most of modern Central America was part of the Mesoamerican cultural area in Pre-Columbian times. The Native American civilizations of Mesoamerica extended from central Mexico down to Costa Rica. The Precolumbian cultures of Panama traded both with Mesoamerica and the cultures of South America, and can be considered transitional between the two cultural areas. Spanish Colonial Era After the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century, most of the region now known as Central America shared a common history. The exceptions were the two nations at the north and south ends of Central America..
History of the Jews in the United States (Colonial Era-1906) - History of the Jews in the United States (Colonial Era-1906) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Coming to the Americas 2 Arrival in North America 3 First Jewish settlers from Spain and Portugal 4 German Jewish settlers 5 Russian Immigration 6 In the cities and states 6.1 First Settlement 6.2 Asser Levy 7 Under English Rule 8 Shearith Israel 9 In the American Revolution 10 Up-State New York Settlements 11 Rhode Island 12 In New England 13 Maryland 14 Philadelphia 15 Mickvé Israel and Rodeph Shalom 16 In the Revolution 17 Jewish Company 18 Jacob de Cordova 19 Solomon Heydenfeldt 20 Characteristics of Congregations 21 3. Relation to the Federal Government: 22 Damascus Affair 23 Swiss Disabilities 24 Servia and Palestine 25 Russian Passports 26 Kishinef Petition.
El Mozote massacre - El Mozote massacre The El Mozote Massacre took place in the village of El Mozote, in the department of Morazón, El Salvador, on December 11, 1981 when Salvadoran armed forces slaughtered an estimated 900 civilians in an anti-guerrilla campaign. It is thought to be the worst such atrocity in modern Latin American history. The massacre was both a low point and a turning point in the bitter civil war that ravaged this Central American country between the late 1970s and early 1990s. As news of the massacre slowly emerged, the Reagan administration in the United States dismissed it as propaganda because it seriously undermined efforts by the US government to bolster the human rights image of the Salvadoran government, which the US was supporting with large.
Elliott Abrams - Daniel Moynihan. Abrams first came to national prominence when he served as Reagan's Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights in the early 1980s and later as Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs. During this time, Abrams clashed regularly with mainstream church groups and human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, who accused him of covering up horrendous abuses committed by US-backed governments, such as those in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, and rebel forces, such as the Contras and Angola's Unita, while at the same time exaggerating abuses by insurgency groups which the US opposed. Records show, for example, that a special intelligence unit of the Honduran armed forces, Battalion 3-16, trained by the CIA and Argentine military, kidnaped, tortured and killed hundreds of people, including US missionaries..
Diego Velazquez - art critics unsurpassed as a portrait artist. Las Meninas Painted 1656 His great fame came long after his death, starting in the first quarter of the 19th century, when it proved a model for the Realist and Impressionist artists, in particular Manet. His influence continued on to later artists such as Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali. Until the 19th century revival of interest in Velazquez, his pictures in the palaces and museum of Madrid were little known to the outside world; and from want of popular appreciation they mostly escaped being stolen by the French marshals during the Peninsular War. In 1828 Sir David Wilkie wrote from Madrid that he felt himself in the presence of a new power in art as he looked at the works of Velazquez, and at.
COINTELPRO - dissident political organizations in the United States. Although covert operations have been employed throughout FBI history, the formal COINTELPRO's of 1956-1971 were broadly targeted against organizations that were (at the time) considered politically radical, such as Martin Luther King Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The origins of COINTELPRO were rooted in the Bureau's operations against hostile foreign intelligence services. Counterintelligence, of course, goes beyond investigation; it refers to actions taken to neutralize enemy agents. "Counterintelligence" was a misnomer for the FBI programs, since the targets were American political dissidents, not foreign spies. In the atmosphere of the Cold War, the American Communist Party was seen as a serious threat to national security. Over the years, anti- Communist paranoia extended to civil rights, anti-war, and many other groups. The FBI addressed the.
State religion - State religions tend to enjoy the allegiance of the majority of their country; however much of this support is little more than nominal, with many members of the church rarely attending it. But the population's allegiance towards the state religions is often strong enough to prevent them from joining competing religious groups. Sociologists put this forward as an explanation for the religious differences between the United States and Europe: many sociologists theorise that the continuing vitality of religion in American life, compared to many European countries, is due to the lack of a strong state church (or indeed, any state church at all) during much of American history. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States explicitly bans the Federal government from setting up a state church. Until the.
Wilnelia Merced - it to Miss World. As soon as she filled her application to compete, she was taken to the organizers of Puerto Rico's national competition, who handpicked her as their representant. The dark skinned woman went and made history in the contest, and then faced a difficult year ahead of her. The last Miss World before her had caused controversy by posing naked for a magazine and having a child out of wedlock. So it was Merced's task to try to bring back some respect to the contest. She is credited by the Miss World Organization to be the one Miss World who brang the contest back into international respectability. As a Miss World, she is said to have been a overseas sensation by many connoseours of this pageant. She was invited.
Manuel Noriega - Lieutenant in 1968. In that year he was part of the military coup d'etat that removed Arnulfo Arias from power. He received a promotion to Lieutenant Colonel and was appointed chief of military intelligence by the new leader Omar Torrijos Herrera. In his post, he conducted a ruthless campaign against peasant guerrillas in Western Panama and orchestrated the "disappearances" of political opponents. When Torrijos died in a plane crash in 1981, he was succeeded by Rubén Darío Paredes, while Noriega became Chief of Staff. Noriega enhanced his position as de facto ruler in August 1983 by promoting himself to General. Noriega proved himself an ally to the U.S. Despite the canal treaties, he allowed them to set up listening posts in Panama, and aided the pro-American forces in El Salvador and.
List of Philippine-related topics - 1.1.1 Revolution and Politics 1.1.2 National Artists 1.1.3 Sports 1.1.4 Other artists 1.1.5 Other important Filipinos 1.1.6 Tribes and ethnic groups 1.2 Foreigners 2 Places and Locations 2.3 Regions of the Philippines 2.4 Provinces of the Philippines 2.4.7 Former Provinces 2.5 Cities of the Philippines 2.6 Municipalities 2.7 Islands 2.8 Non-island Landforms 2.9 Bodies of Water 2.10 Other Places and Locations 3 Events and History 3.11 Philippine Revolution 3.12 Philippine-American War 3.13 World War II 3.14 Post-war 3.15 Philippine Festivals 4 Organizations, Companies, Institutions, Political Entities 4.16 Government 4.17 International 4.18 Educational Institutions 5 Languages, dialects, and other linguistics articles 6 Others 7 Wikipedia Pages People Filipinos See also List of Filipinos. Revolution and Politics Andres Bonifacio Antonio Fortich Apolinario Mabini Aquilino Pimentel Arturo Tolentino Benigno Aquino Benigno Aquino Jr Benigno.
Justo Rufino Barrios - administration; soon after they succeeded in doing so, and General Garcia Granados was declared president and Barrios commander of the armed forces. While Barrios was back in Quetzaltenago, Garcia Granados was overthrown by a revolt. Barrios again marched on the capital and became the new president. The Conservative government in Honduras gave military backing to a group of Guatemalan Conservatives wishing to take back the government, so Barrios declared war on the Honduran government. At the same time Barrios, together with the President of El Salvador, declared an intention to reunify the old United States of Central America. Barrios instituted a number of reforms, including freedom of the press and religion. He was elected President in May of 1873. Barrios oversaw substantial cleaning and rebuilding of Guatemala City, and set up.
Honduras - nation of northern Central America, bordered to the north by Guatemala and El Salvador, to the south by Nicaragua, to the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the east by the Gulf of Honduras and the Caribbean Sea. The nation of Belize (formerly "British Honduras") is some 75 km away across the Bay of Honduras at the two nation's closest points. República de Honduras coat of arms (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: Official language Spanish Capital Tegucigalpa Capital's coordinates 14° 6' N, 87° 13' W President Ricardo Maduro Area - Total - % water Ranked 101th 112,090 km² xx% / Negligible Population - Total (2000) - Density 96th 6,249,598 xxx/km² Independence - Declared - Recognised (from Spain) 1821 1823 Currency Lempira Time zone UTC -6 (DST, yes or not).
UN peacekeeping - A total of 1800 soldiers, hailing from over 100 countries, have been killed while serving on peacekeeping missions. 30% of the fatalities in the first 55 years of UN peacekeeping occurred in the years 1993-1995. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Participation 2.1 US Participation in UN peacekeeping operations 3 Issues with Peacekeeping 3.2 Hypocrisy 3.3 Harm to troops 3.4 Long term problems 4 See also 5 External Link History The first peacekeeping mission occurred in 1948 when the UN sent in military observers to supervise the truce in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The group was called the UN Truce Supervision Organization. A similar group was sent to the India-Pakistan border in 1949. The first armed UN peacekeeping force was deployed in 1957 at the end of the Suez Crisis. The.
Guatemala - the continent of North America, bordering both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, Belize to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. República de Guatemala (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: None Official language Spanish Capital Guatemala City President Óscar Berger Area - Total - % water Ranked 103th 108,890 km² 0.4% Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 63rd 12,974,361 119/km2 Independence September 15, 1821 Currency Quetzal Time zone UTC-6 National anthem Guatemala Feliz Internet TLD .GT Calling Code 502 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Politics 3 Departments 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 8 Miscellaneous topics 9.
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity - the URNG recognized that coming to power through armed struggle was out of the question, and they took initiatives to negotiate a political solution. According to a report in NACLA's Report on the Americas (May/June 1997), The government and army maintained that since they had "defeated" the URNG, they had no need to negotiate until the guerrillas had laid down their arms. The subsequent settlements ending the civil wars in Nicaragua and El Salvador stiffened the elites' resolve "never" to permit such an outcome in Guatemala. But gradually, between 1986 and 1996, the Guatemalan army and government were drawn into a peace process with the United Nations as moderator and verifier of the process, and other international actors as key players, with major concessions from both sides. Obligations were imposed on.
