History of Siberia - History of Siberia The history of Siberia abounds in vast areas, many nations and extremes of climate and marginalisation. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-history 2 Khanate 3 Novgorod and Muscovy 4 Yermak and the Cossacks 5 Imperial Russian Expansion 6 Scientists in Siberia 7 Twentieth Century Siberia Pre-history The shores of all the Siberian lakes which filled the depressions during the Lacustrine period abound in remains dating from the Neolithic age; and numberless kurgans (tumuli), furnaces and so on bear witness to a much denser population than the present. During the great migrations in Asia from east to west many populations were probably driven to the northern borders of the great plateau and thence compelled to descend into Siberia; succeeding waves of immigration forced them.
History of Europe - History of Europe For links to the history of individual countries in Europe see the end of this article. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The origins 2 The Greeks 3 Rome 4 Early Middle Ages 5 Later Middle Ages 6 Renaissance and Reformation 7 Colonial expansion 8 The 16th, 17th and 18th century 9 The French Revolution and Napoleon 10 The 19th century 11 Early 20th century: the World Wars 12 Late 20th century: the Cold War 13 Early 21st century: the European Union 14 Histories of present-day territories The origins Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The earliest appearance of modern people in Europe has been dated to 35,000 B.C. Evidence of permanent settlement dates from 7,000 B.C The.
History of Finland - History of Finland This is the history of Finland. See also the history of Sweden, history of Russia, history of Europe, history of the European Union, and history of present-day nations and states. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-history 2 A part of Sweden 3 Russian Grand Duchy 3..1 Nationalism 3..2 Russification 4 Independence and Civil War 4..3 Successful independence 5 Finland in the inter-war era 6 Finland in World War II 7 Finland's friendship with the Soviet Union 8 Finland in the post-Soviet era Pre-history Archeological evidence for the first settelers, mostly from the south and east, can be traced back to the 8000 BC. After 6500 BC the so called "Suomusjärvi culture", a hunter-gatherer society, spread over most of the country. Around 4200 BC.
History of Lithuania - History of Lithuania Early History The first Lithuanians, or Liths, were a branch of an ancient group known as the Balts, whose members also included the original Prussian and Latvian people. Unlike the Prussians and Latvians, the Lithuanians have successfully built a nation that has endured for most of the past few centuries. The first known reference to Lithuania as a nation (Litua) comes from the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg dated February 14, 1009. In the early 13th century, a pair of German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, conquered much of what is now Estonia and Latvia, in addition to parts of Lithuania. In response, a number of small Baltic tribal groups united under the rule of.
History of Moldova - History of Moldova The Moldovan plains were inhabited since ancient times by Dacians, and it is thought that the name derives from the Dacian words molta=many and dava=fortress, city. Another variant is that was named after a river by a Hungarian noble. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early History 2 Beginning of the Soviet Period 3 World War II 4 Postwar Reestablishment of Soviet Control 5 Increasing Self-Expression 6 Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria 7 Independence 7.1 Post Independence Early History Moldova's Latin origins can be traced to the period of Roman occupation of nearby Dacia (in present-day Romania, Bulgaria, and Serbia), ca. A.D. 105-270, when a culture was formed from the intermingling of Roman colonists and the local population. After the Roman Empire and its.
History of Estonia - History of Estonia This is the history of Estonia. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-history 2 The Middle Ages 3 Swedish Control 4 Under Russian Rule 5 Independence 6 Soviet Occupation 7 Regaining Independence 8 Time line 9 See also Pre-history Estonians are one of the longest settled European peoples, whose forebears, known as the "comb pottery" people, lived on the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea over 5,000 years ago. Like other early agricultural societies, Estonians were organised into economically self-sufficient, male-dominated clans with few differences in wealth or social power. By the early Middle Ages most Estonians were small landholders, with farmsteads primarily organised by village. Estonian government remained decentralized, with local political and administrative subdivisions emerging only during the first century A.D. By.
History of California - History of California Field of California poppies, circa 1910 The history of California is long and colorful. Many indian tribes lived in California. They specialized by environment. No tribe developed agriculture or writing. California was a major source of trading beads, wampum, which were produced from mussel shells using stone tools. In the 1600s, Spain explored and settled the coastal areas. To maintain communication, they developed a central highway, "El Camino Real" that connected a series of settlements called missions, that were used to subjugate the natives and convert them to Christianity. The missions were spaced one day's travel apart, and penetrated as far north as San Francisco. Most missions remain in existence, and many retain congregations. El Camino Real is the route of a major.
History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union - History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Historical background 2 Tsarist background 3 The Bolshevik Revolution and the curtailment of the Pogroms 4 Assimilation into Soviet society 5 The status of the Jews in the Marxist state 6 Repression of the Jewish Labor Bund, Soviet anti-Zionism 7 Stalin and allegations of anti-Semitism 8 Anti-Zionism and the Cold War 9 Assimilation and diminishing cultural cohesiveness 10 The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel 11 Anti-Semitism in Russia today 12 References Historical background After the fall of Khazar empire in the 11th century, and the wave of pogroms in the countries of Western Europe that marked the ending centuries of Middle Ages, the main bulk of Jewish population.
History of California/Temp - History of California/Temp Field of California poppies, circa 1910 The history of California is long and colorful. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-European discovery 2 Spanish exploration 3 Spanish Settlement 4 Mexican rule 5 US anexation 6 Gold Rush and statehood 7 Civil War 8 Railroad 9 Twentieth Century 10 21st Century Politics Pre-European discovery Many indian tribes lived in California. They specialized by environment. No tribe developed agriculture or writing. California was a major source of trading beads, wampum, which were produced from mussel shells using stone tools. Spanish exploration In June 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo led an expidition in two ships from the west coast of New Spain (modern Mexico). At this time it was believed that Baja California was the southern part of.
Esperanto history - Esperanto history In 1878, L. L. Zamenhof considered a revival of Latin to be the solution for the language problem, but after learning it he realized it was obsolete and too difficult for the task. When he learned English, he noted that verb conjugations were unnecessary for comprehension. At this point, he still had the problem of a large vocabulary base until he encountered two signs labelled ŝvejcarskaja (porter's lodge-- place of the porter) and konditorskaja (confectioner's shop-- place of sweets). Then he realized that the proper use of suffixes could greatly decrease the number of words needed in the vocabulary. The vocabulary was chosen to be the most recognizable by the most speakers of the most number of languages. For six years he worked on translations.
Siberia - Siberia Siberia (Сибирь) is the Asian (eastern) part of Russia; it is a region in northern Asia, extending from the Ural Mountains to the Russian Far East, bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean and on the south by Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Administration 2 History 3 Geography 4 Economy 5 Demographics Administration Siberia consists of Urals Federal District, Siberian Federal District and the Russian Far East. Further political subdivisions of Siberia include: Buryat Republic, capital Ulan Ude Chita Oblast Irkutsk Oblast, capital Irkutsk Khakassia, capital Abakan Kemerovo Oblast, capital Kemerovo Krasnoyarsk Krai Novosibirsk Oblast, capital Novosibirsk Omsk Oblast, capital Omsk Sakha Republic, capital Yakutsk Tomsk Oblast, capital Tomsk, Russia Tuva Republic, capital Kyzyl Other cities include: Akademgorodok Bratsk Irkutsk.
Palaeosiberian - Palaeosiberian Literally "early" [from Greek 'palaeos'] + Siberia. A term of convenience used in philology to classify a disparate group of languages spoken in remote regions of Siberia, whose only common provenance is that they are held to have antedated the more dominant Altaic languages, particularly Tungus and latterly Turkish that have largely displaced them. Even more recently, Turkish (at least in Siberia) and especially Tungus, have been displaced in their turn by Russian. Five isolates or at least very small language groups, linguistically entirely unrelated to each other, compose the Palaeo-Siberian languages: 1. Chukchi and its close relative, Koryak. Kamchadal is thought to be distantly related. Chukchi and Koryak are spoken in easternmost Siberia and are thriving. Kamchadal is spoken on the Kamchatka peninsula and is nearly defunct. The group.
Kemerovo - a city on the river Tom, capital of the Kemerovo Oblast, in Siberia, Russia. Population: 520,600. Main industries are chemical and machine building. There are 5 higher education institutions, several museums. The history of the city goes back to 1720 when a settlemt was founded. Kemerovo was given the status of the city in 1918..
Klaipeda - similar to that found in Germany, England or in Denmark. Popular Lithuanian seaside resorts are found close to Klaipeda in Neringa and Palanga. History Klaipeda was founded by Baltic tribes in the 12th century. For a long time it belonged to Province of Prussia and in pre-WWII-days was called "Memel". This Baltic Sea harbor city was founded by the Teutonic Knights in 1252 and is recorded as Castrum Memele (German Memelburg, also Mimmelburg). 1254 Klaipeda was granted Lübeck City Right. The area was converted to Christianity by the Teutonic Knights. The Peace at Melno Sea in 1422 fixed the border between Province of Prussia and Lithuania. Memel was included in Prussia and the border remained unchanged until 1923. It was one of the longest unchanged borders in Europe. Beginning in 1474.
Korea - a huge unified country that had governed territories in Manchuria and limited territories of what is called Siberia today. At one point, it was the world's center for the very best silk in the world as noted by ancient Chinese scripts (but unknown to Europeans) and had the world's best goldsmiths during the 7th-8th Century. The art of movable metal type was invented in Korea before 1232, long before Gutenberg's inception in Europe. Politically it is currently divided into the communist country of North Korea and the capitalist country of South Korea, since the 1950s when the Korean War occurred. For more on the regions of Korea (both North and South), see Provinces of Korea. The nation is renowned for its traditional dish called kimchi (see Korean cuisine) - which was.
Krasnoyarsk Krai - the country's total territory. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Geography 2 History 3 Economy Geography It stretches 3,000 km from north to south. The krai lies in the middle of Siberia and shares borders with Tyumen, Tomsk, Irkutsk, and Kemerovo oblasts, the republics of Khakasiya, Tyva, and Sakha, and the Arctic Ocean in the north. History The krai was created in 1934 and then included the Taimyr and Evenk autonomous okrugs and Khakasiya Autonomous Oblast. In 1991, Khakasiya seceded and became a republic within the Russian Federation. Economy Over 95% of the cities, a majority of the industrial enterprises, and all of the agriculture are concentrated in the south of the region. It is rich among the richest of Russia's regions in natural resources. Eighty percent of the country's nickel, 75%.
Jozef Pilsudski - studied at the University of Kharkov and then joined a clandestine revolutionary and anti-tsarist organization "The People's Will". In 1887 the Tsarist authorities arrested him and sentenced him to exile in Siberia for five years. His brother, Bronislaw Pilsudski, also participated in a revolutionary plot, and became an associate of Lenin's brother. After his release encountered the socialist movement and in 1892 he founded PPS, The Polish Socialist Party. In 1900 he was arrested again for editing an underground leftist daily Robotnik ("The Worker"). He managed to escape and organized military groups of the party. At that time he believed in revolutionary guerilla warfare and carried out bank and train raids. With the money he seized he slowly built up a new revolutionary army with the goal of gaining independence from.
Johann Georg Gmelin - was a German naturalist. Gmelin was appointed professor of chemistry and natural history in St Petersburg in 1731, and from 1733 to 1743 made a journey of scientific exploration through Siberia. His major works were Flora Sibirica (4 vols., 1749-1750) and Reisen durch Sibirien (4 vols., 1753). He spent his final years as professor of medicine at Tubingen, a post to which he was appointed in 1749. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Indigenous people - peoples as follows: "Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them." Advocates of the concept of indigenous peoples argue that, despite the diversity of indigenous peoples, they share common problems and issues in dealing with the prevailing, or invading, society. They are generally concerned that the cultures of indigenous peoples are being lost and that indigenous peoples suffer both discrimination and pressure to assimilate into their surrounding societies. This is borne out by the fact that the lands and cultures of nearly all of the peoples listed at the end of this article are under threat. Notable exceptions are.
Isles of Scilly - means spectacular winter gales lash the islands from time to time. This is reflected in the landscape, most clearly seen on Tresco where the lush Sub-Tropical Abbey Gardens on the sheltered southern end of the island contrast with the low heather and bare rock sculpted by the wind on the exposed Northern end. Scilly has been inhabited since stone-age times and its history has been one of subsistence living until this century with people living from the land and the sea. Farming and fishing continues today, but the main industry now is tourism. Obviously the sea has always played a huge part in Scillonian history but it was in the nineteenth century that Scilly had its maritime heyday. Beaches which are now enjoyed by sunbathers were then factories for shipbuilding, the.
