History of operating systems - History of operating systems This article is part of the History of computing series. History of computing hardware (before 1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s-present) History of operating systems The history of computer operating systems recapitulates to a degree, the recent history of computing. Operating systems provide a set of functions needed and used by most applications, and provide the necessary linkages to control a computer's hardware. Without an operating system, each program would have to have drivers for your video card, sound card, hard drive, and other peripherals. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Background 2 The mainframe era 3 Minicomputers and the rise of UNIX 4 The personal computer era: Apple, DOS and beyond 5 See also Background Main article: Operating system Early computers lacked.
Operating systems timeline - Operating systems timeline This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1960 to 2003. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the related History of computing hardware. 1961 CTSS 1964 OS/360 (announced) 1965 Multics (announced) OS/360 (shipped) Tape Operating System (TOS) 1966 MS/8 1967 CP/CMS ITS WAITS 1969 ACP (IBM) TENEX Unix 1970 DOS/BATCH 11 (PDP-11) 1971 OS/8 1972 MFT MVT RDOS SVS VM/CMS 1973 Alto OS RSX-11D RT-11 VME 1974 MVS (MVS/XA) 1976 CP/M TOPS-20 1978 Apple DOS 3.1 (first Apple OS) TripOS VMS 1979 Apple DOS 3.2 1980 Apple DOS 3.3 OS-9 QDOS SOS XDE (Tajo) (Xerox Development Environment) Xenix 1981 MS-DOS 1982 SunOS (1.0) Ultrix 1983 Lisa OS Coherent ProDOS 1984 Macintosh OS (System 1.0).
VM (Operating system) - VM (Operating system) VM (originally called CP-67 when it first appeared, later renamed VM/370, VM/390, etc) was an early and influentual virtual machine operating system from IBM, apparently the first true virtual machine system. (Technically, the operating system is called CP, for "Control Program", and the term VM is often shorthand for VM/CMS, a complete package with other software, including CMS.) VM is named for its ability to run software in virtual machines which are isolated from each other; each user has the illusion of using a complete computer and can use their own operating system on this "private" computer. It initially ran on the System 360 and System 370 class mainframe machines, starting with the System 360 Model 67; it is still in wide use on.
History of computing hardware - History of computing hardware This article is part of the History of computing series. History of computing hardware (before 1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s-present) History of operating systems This narrative presents the major developments in the history of computing hardware and attempts to put them into perspective. For a detailed timeline of events, see computing timeline. The history of computing, is an overview and treats methods intended for pen and paper, with or without the aid of tables. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Earliest devices 2 Punched card computing 1801-1940 3 Mechanical gear computing 1835-1900s 4 Analog computers, pre-1940 5 First generation of modern digital computers 1940s 6 Second generation 1947-1960 7 Third generation and beyond, post-1958 8 See also 9.
History of Microsoft Windows - History of Microsoft Windows In 1983 Microsoft announced its development of Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS) that had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981. Microsoft modeled the GUI after that of Apple's MacOS. Bill Gates had been shown a Macintosh prototype by Steve Jobs early in its development, around 1981, and Microsoft was partnered by Apple to create some of the important early Mac software, such as Word and Excel. Gates is reported to have demanded of his engineers "I want Mac on a PC, I want Mac on a PC!". It was this desire to see a Mac-like interface on the then-cheaper Intel-based hardware that was the inspiration and driving force behind Windows. Early history.
History of the graphical user interface - History of the graphical user interface The graphical user interface, or "GUI", is a computer interface that uses graphic icons and controls in addition to text. The user of the computer utilizes a pointing device, like a mouse, to manipulate these icons and controls. This was a great leap forward from the command line interface used in other operating systems, in which the user types a series of text commands to the computer. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Initial Developments 2 Augmentation of Human Intellect 3 Xerox PARC 4 Apple Lisa and Macintosh 5 VisiOn 6 DESQview 7 Amiga Intuition 8 GEM 9 GEOS 10 Microsoft Windows 11 RISC OS 12 NeXTSTEP 13 OS/2 14 BeOS 15 NeWS 16 The X Window System 17.
History of radio - History of radio The pre- and early history of radio is the history of its technology. See also the History of Science and Technology. Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general History. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Radio's prehistory (19th century) 2 Radio Communication 3 Audio Broadcasting (1915--) 4 Radio broadcasting is born 5 FM radio 6 Telex on Radio 7 Exotic technologies 8 Television 9 Internet Radio (1995--) 10 Satellite Radio (2001--) 11 Ongoing development Radio's prehistory (19th century) 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted Michael Faraday James Clerk Maxwell Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Radio Communication In St. Louis, Missouri, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of radio communication in 1893. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National.
History of Northern Ireland - History of Northern Ireland The area now known as Northern Ireland has had a diverse history. From being the bedrock of Irish nationalism in the era of the plantations of Queen Elizabeth and James I in other parts of Ireland, it became itself the source of major planting of Scottish settlers from the Flight of the Earls (when the native governing and military nationalist elite left en masse) onwards. Today, Northern Ireland is a diverse patchwork of community rivalries, represented in Belfast by whole communities flying the tricolour of Irish republicanism or the Union Flag, the symbol of their British identity, while even the kerbstones in less affluent areas are painted green, white and orange or red, white and blue, depending on whether a community is.
History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - History of computing hardware (1960s-present) This article is part of the History of computing series. History of computing hardware (before 1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s-present) History of operating systems The history of computing hardware (continued from history of computing hardware) picks up with the development of the integrated circuit. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Third generation 2 Fourth generation 2.1 Microprocessors 2.2 Supercomputers 2.3 The home computer era 2.4 The PC era 2.5 The microprocessor based server and networks 2.5.1 Networks of disks and networks of microprocessors 3 See also 4.
History of the British railway system - History of the British railway system The British railway system is the oldest in the world. The Development of the Railways, 1825 to 1948 On September 15, 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened from Liverpool Road, Manchester, to Edge Hill (later Crown Street), Liverpool. For the first time you could buy a ticket, expect a purpose-built passenger train to turn up at a given time and take you to your destination on track of four feet eight-and-a-half inches (1.435 m) gauge designed for steam locomotives to haul passengers and operated as one system. This was the start of railways as we know them today. Of course, there had been railways in Britain for centuries, mostly primitive wooden tracks with single trucks pulled by hand or.
History of computing - History of computing This article is the top of the History of computing series. History of computing hardware (before 1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s-present) History of operating systems The history of computing is older than computing machines and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables. The timeline of computing presents a summary list of major developments in computing by date. See also: Euclidean algorithm, mathematical table, common logarithm, numeral system. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding material..
Fifth generation computer systems project - Fifth generation computer systems project The fifth generation computer systems project (FGCS) was an initiative by Japan, begun in 1982, to create a "fifth generation computer" (see history of computing hardware) which was supposed to perform much calculation utilizing massive parallellism. To succeed in this ambitious project, the driving organization Institute for New Generation Computer Technology (ICOT) spent billions of Yens in creating specialized hardware and an operating system entirely written in prolog, as this was believed to be a truly parallellizable language. The fifth generation computer systems project was aimed at becoming a disruptive technology but ended up as a complete failure..
French railway history - French railway history During the early 19th century railway construction began in France with short mineral lines. Building the main French railway system, however, began after 1842 when a law legalised railways. French railways started later, and developed more slowly than those in certain other countries While the first railway built in France started operation in 1832, not long after the first line had opened in Britain, French progress failed to keep pace over the next decade. Thus France quickly fell behind Germany, Belgium and Switzerland in terms of trackage per person. The rapid growth in United States and in the United Kingdom also severely outdistanced that in France. Circumstances did not favour a start as early and as successful as Britain's, because Britain generally had a higher.
A Hacker History - A Hacker History 1971 a Vietnam vet named John Draper discovered that the giveaway whistle in Cap'n Crunch cereal boxes perfectly reproduced a 2600 hertz tone. Draper builds a "blue box" that, when used in conjunction with the whistle and sounded into a phone receiver, allows phreaks to make free calls. Shortly thereafter, Esquire magazine publishes "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" with instructions for making a blue box, and wire fraud in the United States escalates. 1972 Abbie Hoffman helps found The Youth International Party Line newsletter. Hoffman's publishing partner, Al Bell, changed the YIPL newsletter's name to TAP, for Technical Assistance Program. 1972 The InterNetworking Working Group is founded to govern the standards of the developing network. Vinton Cerf is the chairman and is known.
Cisco Systems, Inc. - Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco is one of the most successful companies of the Internet era. It is a leading manufacturer of routing equipment. Cisco calls itself "The Worldwide Leader in Networking for the Internet" [1]. Cisco Systems was founded in 1984 by married couple Leonard Bosack and Sandra Lerner, computer scientists at Stanford University. Cisco created the first commercially successful router, a device that enables once-incompatible computers in far-off computer networks to communicate. In 1990 they walked away with $170 million after being booted by the professional managers the firm's venture capitalists brought in. [1]. Bosack and Lerner later divorced. Cisco has set up Cisco Networking Academies in 128 countries aimed at teaching students to design and maintain computer networks. Cisco provides certifications to professionals in the.
CP/M operating system - CP/M operating system CP/M, an acronym for Control Program/Monitor (or Control Program/Microcomputer), was an early operating system for Intel 8080 and Zilog Z80 based microcomputers. It was created by Digital Research, Inc founded by Gary Kildall. The combination of CP/M and S-100 bus computers patterned on the MITS Altair was the first "industry standard", and was widely used through the late 1970s and into the mid-80s. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Description 2 History 2.1 MS-DOS takes over 3 external links Description CP/M's command line interface, implemented in the CCP command processor, was patterned after the operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, such as RSTS/E for the PDP-11. Commands generally took the form of a keyword followed by a list of parameters separated by spaces or special.
Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology - Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology (1991) was case in which the legality and history of computer EULAs was explored. The court noted, "When these form licenses were first developed for software, it was, in large part, to avoid the federal copyright law first sale doctrine" thus the intent of EULAs after 1990 were to preempt federal statutes using contract law and that they serve no purpose besides attempts to preempt consumer rights in other statutes. In this case, the United States Court of Appeals held that a EULA disclaimer waiving all express and implied warranties, printed on the outside of the box, was not binding. Step-Saver repeatedly bought Multilink Advanced, an allegedly MS-DOS compatible operating system, from The Software Link.
Sun Microsystems - servers and workstations based on the SPARC processor, the SunOS and Solaris operating systems, the NFS network file system, the Java platform, and (together with AT&T) the standardization of Unix System V Release 4. Its less successful ventures include the NeWS window system and the OpenLook graphical user interface. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Brief history 2 Computers 3 Operating systems 4 Java platform 5 Office suite 6 See also 7.
Operating system - Operating system In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations, as well as running applications such as word processing programs and Web browsers. Colloquially, the term is most often used to mean all the software which "comes with" a computer system before any applications are installed. The operating system ensures that other applications are able to use memory, input and output devices and have access to the file system. If multiple applications are running, the operating system schedules these such that all processes have sufficient processor time where possible and do not interfere with each other. At the beginning of 2004, there were essentially two major families of operating system in.
Operating system advocacy - Operating system advocacy Operating system advocacy is one of the primary pastimes of those who have a deep and abiding interest in the design, construction and usage of computer operating systems. For these people, the investment necessary -- both in money and time -- to own and operate a computer sometimes creates an emotional investment in the operating system of choice. Such advocacy can induce arguments as people compare and contrast the virtues and faults of different operating systems. These visceral debates most notably include: Windows vs. Mac OS Windows vs. Linux Linux vs. BSD Linux and BSD vs. proprietary UNIX systems. terminology: "Linux" vs. "GNU/Linux" Some wars of the past related to VMS vs. UNIX systems. There are related wars over programming languages and text.
