History of the British penny (1901-1970) - History of the British penny (1901-1970) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. Early Normans and the Anarchy Plantagenets (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) British penny (1901-1970) The Twentieth Century Penny (1901-1970) The penny of King Edward VII (1901-1910) is of the same technical standards as the late Victorian issues. The head on the obverse is by George William de Saulles (1862-1903), facing right, with the inscription EDWARDVS VII DEI GRA BRITT OMN REX FID DEF IND IMP. The reverse shows the seated Britannia surrounded by ONE PENNY and over the date, which remained the standard design until 1970, although there is a variety of some 1902 pennies known as the low tide penny, where the sea.
History of the British penny (1714-1901) - History of the British penny (1714-1901) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. Early Normans and the Anarchy Plantagenets (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) British penny (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) The Hanoverians (1714-1837) The change in dynasty did not affect the form of the design of the silver penny - a 12mm diameter coin weighing 0.5 gram, with a right-facing bust of George I and the inscription GEORGIVS DEI GRA continuing onto the other side with MAG BR FR ET HIB REX date around the crowned "I". Pennies were minted in 1716, 1718, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1726, and 1727. In 1727 George II ascended the throne, where he was to remain until 1760. While for the sixpence and larger.
History of the British penny (1603-1714) - History of the British penny (1603-1714) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. Early Normans and the Anarchy Plantagenets (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) British penny (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Stuarts and the Commonwealth (1603-1714) 1.1 The Early Stuarts 1.2 The Commonwealth 1.3 The Restored Stuarts The Stuarts and the Commonwealth (1603-1714) The Early Stuarts When Elizabeth died unmarried and childless in 1603, the throne passed to James VI of Scotland, a great-grandson of Henry VII, who ruled in England as James I. James' silver coinage changed little from that of Elizabeth in production and style. The most notable feature was the introduction of a copper farthing to help with the problem of small change..
History of the English penny - History of the English penny For silver pennies produced after 1820 see Maundy money This article is at the top of the History of the English penny series. The Early Normans and the Anarchy (1066-1154) Plantagenets (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) The silver penny was introduced to England around the year 785 by King Offa of Mercia, in the English midlands. The currency was decimalised in 1971 which meant the discontinuation of the penny at that time. A new penny was minted that was worth 2.4 times the value of the old coin. The name penny comes from the Old English pennige (roughly pronounced 'penny-yeah', IPA [penije]). It shares its roots with the German pfennig, which was a German.
History of the English penny (1066-1154) - History of the English penny (1066-1154) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. English penny (1066-1154) Plantagenets (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Early Norman kings 1.1 Location of mints, 1066-1100 1.2 Location of mints, 1100-1135 2 The Anarchy 2.3 King Stephen's coins 2.4 Empress Maud's coins The Early Norman kings Following the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror continued the Anglo-Saxon coinage system. As a penny was a fairly large currency unit at the time, when small change was needed a penny would be cut in half or into quarters. Most pennies of Kings William I and II show a front-facing bust of the king on the obverse (which.
History of the English penny (1154-1485) - History of the English penny (1154-1485) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. Early Normans and the Anarchy English penny (1154-1485) Tudors (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) The Plantagenets (1154-1485) King Henry II ascended the throne in 1154 as the first of the Plantagenet dynasty. For the first few years of his reign the coins of King Stephen continued to be produced, but in order to restore public confidence in the currency a new standard and type of coin was introduced in 1158 -- this is often referred to as the Tealby penny after a hoard of such coins which was found at Tealby, Lincolnshire in 1807. A total of 31 mints were employed in this.
History of the English penny (1485-1603) - History of the English penny (1485-1603) This article is part of the History of the English penny series. Early Normans and the Anarchy Plantagenets (1154-1485) English penny (1485-1603) Stuarts and Commonwealth (1603-1714) Hanoverians (1714-1901) 20th Century (1901-1970) The Tudors (1485-1603) Henry Tudor, who reigned as King Henry VII between 1485 and 1509, had a rather tenuous claim on the throne, being the Lancastrian claimant via an illegitimate descendant of Edward III when all the more senior candidates had been killed off in the Wars of the Roses. He brought the wars to a conclusion by marrying Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. A ruthless man, he subsequently arranged for most of his rival claimants to the throne to be executed on various pretexts. The.
History of the halfpenny - History of the halfpenny This article discusses the history of the English and British Halfpenny coin, from the 12th century onwards. Interested readers are advised to read the parallel article on the penny, which gives detailed descriptions of the contemporary penny coins, and of the dynastic struggles in British history, which it is not intended to repeat here. It was long considered that the first halfpenny coins were produced in the reign of King Edward I (1272-1307), with earlier requirements for small change being provided by "cut coinage" i.e. pennies cut into halves or quarters, usually along the cross which formed a prominent part of the reverse of the coin. However in recent years metal detectorists have discovered a few halfpennies of Kings Henry I (1100-1135).
Maundy money - Maundy money Maundy Money is a special British coinage given to deserving poor people in a religious ceremony performed by Anglicans on Maundy Thursday, the Thursday before Easter. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History of the Maundy ceremony 2 Maundy coinage 3 Availability of the coins 4 Coin obverses History of the Maundy ceremony The present-day Maundy ceremony has evolved over the centuries and bears little relationship to the original rites to which it owes its origins. A fundamental aspect of the original Maundy service was the washing of the feet of the poor, which has its origins in Jesus' washing of the feet of the Disciples at the Last Supper. In early ceremonies, senior clergymen would wash the feet of lower clergy, while in other ceremonies, the washing would be.
List of poets - Roman comic poet, flourished about 94 BC Dritėro Agolli James Agree Sin Ai Conrad Aiken, (1889-1973) Mark Akenside, (1721-1770) Bella Akhmadulina, (born 1957) Anna Akhmatova, (1889-1966) Linda Aksomitis, novels, travel, poetry under pseudonym Sunflower Sue Luigi Alamanni, (1495-1556) Fran Albreht, (1889-1965) Ivan Albreht Vera Albreht Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, (1207-1273 CE) Richard Aldington Claribel Alegria Vicente Aleixandre, (1989-1984), Nobel Laureate 1977 Josip Murn Aleksandrov, (1879-1901) Muhammad Ali, (born 1942), boxer, war protester, civil rights protester, and poet Dante Alighieri, (1265-1321), Italian poet Alisoun Donald Allen (New American Poetry) William Allingham, (1824 or 1828-1889) Damaso Alonso Natan Alterman Amara Sinha, Sanskrit grammarian and poet Yehuda Amichai A. R. Ammons Anacreon Alfred Andersch, (1914-1980) Jon Anderson, (born 1944) Jorge Carrera Andrade, (1903-1978) Miha Andreas, (1762-1821) Aneirin, medieval epic poet Maya Angelou, (born 1928).
History of Australia since 1901 - History of Australia since 1901 This article is part of the History of Australia series. History of Australia before 1901 History of Australia since 1901 Constitutional history of Australia Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Federation 2 The 20th century 3 Postwar Australia 4 Recent controversies 5 Related articles Federation The 1890s depression (the most severe Australia had ever faced) made the inefficiencies of the six colonies seem ever more ridiculous, and, particularly in border areas, a push for an Australian Federation began. Other motives for Federation were the need for a common immigration policy (Queensland was busy importing indentured workers from New Caledonia, known as Kanakas, to work in the sugar industry: both the unions and the other colonies strongly opposed this), and fear of the.
British coin One Penny - British coin One Penny This article discusses the British decimal penny, issued from 1971, only. For the pre-decimal penny, issued between approximately 750 AD to 1970, please see English/British coin Penny. The British decimal Penny (1p) coin was issued on 15 February 1971, the day the British currency was decimalised. In practice it had been available from banks in bags of £1 for some weeks previously. The coin was initially minted from bronze, but since 1992 it has been minted in copper-plated steel. As this is less dense than bronze, post-1992 coins have been slightly thicker. The coin weighs 3.56 grams and has a diameter of 20.32 millimetres. The reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, is a crowned portcullis with chains, the emblem of.
History of the threepence - History of the threepence The Three Pence (3d) coin first appeared in the English coinage during the fine silver coinage of King Edward VI (1547-1553), when it formed part of a set of new denominations. Although it was an easy denomination to work with in the context of the old sterling coinage system, being a quarter of a shilling, initially it was not popular with the public who preferred the groat, hence the coin was not minted in the following two reigns. Edward VI threepences were struck at the London and York mints. The obverse shows a front-facing bust of the king, with a rose to the left and the value numeral III to the right, surrounded by the legend EDWARD VI D G ANG FRA.
History of Nigeria - History of Nigeria Before the colonial period, the area which comprises modern Nigeria had an eventful history. More than 2,000 years ago, the Nok culture in the present Plateau state worked iron and produced sophisticated terra cotta sculpture. In the northern cities of Kano and Katsina, recorded history dates back to about 1000 AD. In the centuries that followed, these Hausa kingdoms and the Bornu empire near Lake Chad prospered as important terminals of north-south trade between North African Berbers and forest people who exchanged slaves, ivory, and kola nuts for salt, glass beads, coral, cloth, weapons, brass rods, and cowrie shells used as currency. In the southwest, the Yoruba kingdom of Oyo was founded about 1400, and at its height from the 17th to 19th.
History of Victoria - History of Victoria This article describes the history of Victoria. The first Australian colony was New South Wales, founded in 1788 by Captain Arthur Phillip as a British penal colony on Port Jackson, now the city of Sydney. Initially all of Australia came under the jurisdiction of NSW. Tasmania came under separate administration as a penal colony in 1825. The government attempted to constrain settlement around Sydney into the 13 counties, however settlement quickly spread beyond this artificial restriction. The first explorers of Victoria were Hamilton Hume, after whom the Hume Highway is named, and William Hovell. The region that is Victoria was originally settled by a group of Tasmanians led by John Batman who set up a village on the Yarra River. Victoria has relatively.
History of The Gambia - History of The Gambia The Gambia was once part of the Empire of Ghana and the Kingdom of the Songhais. The first written accounts of the region come from records of Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. Arab traders established the trans-Saharan trade route for slaves, gold, and ivory. In the 15th century, the Portuguese took over this trade using maritime routes. At that time, The Gambia was part of the Kingdom of Mali. In 1588, the claimant to the Portuguese throne, Antonio, Prior of Crato, sold exclusive trade rights on The Gambia River to English merchants; this grant was confirmed by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I. In 1618, King James I granted a charter to a British company for trade with.
History of the farthing - History of the farthing This article discusses the history of the Farthing (fourth-thing) or quarter penny coin from its introduction in the twelfth century to its demise in 1960. Interested readers are advised to read the parallel articles on the penny and halfpenny, which gives detailed descriptions of the contemporary penny and halfpenny coins, of the dynastic struggles in British history, and of the politics and economics of the production of copper coinage, which it is not intended to repeat here. It was long considered that the first silver farthing coins were produced in the reign of King Edward I (1272-1307), with earlier requirements for small change being provided by "cut coinage" i.e. pennies cut into halves or quarters, usually along the cross which formed a.
History of golf instruction - History of golf instruction Various authorities have credited any number of peoples - Celts, Romans, Huns, or a band of leisure loving Visigoths - with the invention of golf in its earliest form. But the story of golf instruction begins rightly in the medieval era (no later than 1353), when golfers adopted the principle of allowing each team to hit a second uninterrupted shot. Previously, teams of players would alternate hitting a ball back and forth across a field. Strategy and technique went no further than devising the most efficient means of bashing a ball over the heads of the opposition, preferably in the direction of the goal line, or at least into some abyss from which the other team could not extract itself. With the.
History of immigration to the United States - History of immigration to the United States The history of immigration to the United States of America is, in some senses, the history of the United States itself. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Colonial-Era Immigration to North America 1.1 Voluntary Migrations from Europe 1.2 Slavery, Indentured Servitude and Convict Shipments 2 Immigration 1776 to 1849 3 Immigration 1850 to 1900 4 Immigration 1901 to 1939 5 Immigration WWII to 1970 6 Immigration 1971 to Present 7 See Also 8 External Links Colonial-Era Immigration to North America Voluntary Migrations from Europe The population of the colonies that later became the United States grew from zero Europeans in the mid-1500s to 3.2 million Europeans and 700,000 African slaves in 1790. At that time, it is estimated that 3/4.
British coinage - British coinage This article concerns British Coinage, the coinage of the United Kingdom. For related topics see: British Banknotes Pound Sterling Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Current Coinage 1.1 Coins and Dates 1.2 Demonetised Decimal Coins 2 Pre-decimal system 2.3 Slang 3 Silver Content 4 History of the Penny 5 Historical Coins 6 Denominations of pre-decimal coins and their years of production 7 See Also 7.4 External Link Current Coinage The British currency was Decimalised on February 15, 1971. The basic unit of currency - the Pound (or Pound Sterling) - was unaffected. Pre decimalisation there were 240 pennies in a pound, now there are 100. The new coins were marked with the wording "New Penny" (singular) or "New Pence" (plural) to distinguish them from the.
