History of the Internet - History of the Internet The earliest idea of a computer network intended to allow general communication between users of various computers was the ARPANET, the world's first packet switching network, which first went online in 1969. The Internet's roots lie within the ARPANET, which not only was the intellectual forerunner of the Internet, but was also initially the core network in the collection of networks in the Internet, as well as a important tool in developing the Internet (being used for communication between the groups working on internetworking research). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Motivation for the Internet 2 Early Internet Work 3 Growth 4 Commercialization and Privatization 5 Early applications 6 Standards and Control 7 World Wide Web 8 External Link Motivation for the Internet.
History of Internet encyclopedia projects - History of Internet encyclopedia projects The idea to build a free encyclopedia using the Internet can be traced at least to the late 1980s when it was suggested as part of several "Millennium Projects" including the United Nations University Millennium Project. Various names were suggested including "Encyclopedia Gaia", "Encyclopedia Terra", and although these projects did not proceed very far they kept the idea alive through the early 1990s, where they began to converge with Ted Nelson's ideas about hypertext and similar proposals from K. Eric Drexler. In 1993, a project called Interpedia was being discussed; it was planned as an encyclopedia on the Internet to which everyone could contribute materials. The project never left the planning stage and it was overtaken by the explosion of the.
Internet Movie Database - Internet Movie Database The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, television shows, cartoons, and video games. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 History 3 Top 250 4 Copyright issues 5.
Internet Relay Chat - Internet Relay Chat Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of instant communication over the Internet that allows both one-to-one communication and group communication. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Technical information 2 History 3 Networks 4 IRC clients 5 Miscellany 5.1 See also 5.2.
Internetworking - to connect disparate types of networking technology, but it became widespread through the developing need to connect two or more local area networks via some sort of wide area network. The definition now includes the connection of other types of computer networks such as personal area networks. The most notable example of internetworking in practice is the Internet, which is a network of networks running different low-level protocols, unified by an internetworking protocol, the Internet Protocol (IP). IP only provides an unreliable packet service across the internet; to reliably transfer data streams, a Transport layer protocol (such as TCP) must be used. This is part of why we commonly refer to TCP and IP together, as "TCP/IP". Some applications occasionally use a simpler Transport layer protocol (called UDP) for tasks which.
Internet Explorer - Internet Explorer Internet Explorer for Windows v.6 with Google toolbar click for larger version Internet Explorer for Mac OS X 5.2.3 (Discontinued) Internet Explorer, abbreviated IE or MSIE, is a web browser from Microsoft, currently (as of 2003) in version 6.0 SP1 (version 5.2.3 for OS X and 5.1.7 for the classic Mac OS). Internet Explorer is a very popular web browser, for reasons that include the fact that it comes built into various versions of Microsoft Windows and used to be the default browser on the Mac OS before it was replaced by Apple's own Safari Web Browser. Internet Explorer was cited as an example of questionable product bundling in Microsoft's anti-trust case with the United States Department of Justice. Microsoft required many OEM computer.
Internet backbone - Internet backbone The Internet backbone was the central network that linked all the parts of the Internet together. The term is now used as a loose term to describe the "core" of the current Internet. The original Internet backbone was the ARPANET. In 1989 the NSFNet backbone was established, the US military broke off as a separate MILNET network, and the ARPANET was shut down. A plan was then developed for first expanding NSFNet further, prior to rendering it obsolete by creating a new network architecture based on decentralized routing. (to be written: creation of the NAPs, EGP) With the decommissioning of the NSFNet Internet backbone network on April 30 1995, the Internet now consists entirely of the various commercial ISPs and private networks, as connected.
Internet Chess Club - Internet Chess Club The Internet Chess Club is a commercial Internet site devoted to the play and discussion of chess and chess variants. Paid members and guests play tens of thousands of games each day, and it is not uncommon to find over 2,000 chess players logged on to ICC. Additional services, most of which are available only to paid members, include live broadcast of grandmaster tournaments with professional commentary a searchable database of grandmaster games recorded lectures on various chess themes regular club tournaments private lessons by professionals ongoing player ratings modeled on the Elo rating system dozens of chat channels on various chess topics History In the late 1980s a band of volunteers created the first Internet chess server (ICS) for fun. Players logged.
Internet pornography - Internet pornography Internet pornography is pornography which is distributed via the Internet, primarily via websites, peer-to-peer software, IRC and through Usenet. Internet pornography began spreading commercially almost at the same time as the Internet became a huge communications method for private home users in the middle 1990s. Like the videocassette recorder, the Internet has been effective because it allows people to view pornography anonymously in the privacy of their homes. Initially, most pornography distribution (typically scanned-in photos from magazines, often called Centerfolds) took place in special Usenet newsgroups, which provide the benefit of more or less anonymous posting, allowing easy circumvention of copyright restrictions. Textual pornography was also distributed via Usenet, e.g. in the group alt.sex.stories. Later, pornographic websites sprang up. These are restricted in many.
Internet art - Internet art Internet art is art which uses the Internet as its primary medium and, more importantly, its subject, much like video art uses video as its medium - but is also very much about video. Quoting a definition by Steve Dietz, former curator in new media at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis: Internet art projects are art projects for which the Net is both a sufficient and necessary condition of viewing/expressing/participating. Internet art can also happen outside the purely technical structure of the internet, when artists use specific social or cultural traditions from the internet in a project outside of it. Internet art is often, but not always, interactive, participatory and based on multimedia in the broadest sense. Internet art can take concrete form.
Internet Society - Internet Society The Internet Society or ISOC is an international organization that promotes Internet use and access. The ISOC was officially formed in 1992 to provide a corporate structure to support the ad-hoc bodies active in the growth of the Internet. Many of the driving forces in the Internet arena, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), are very informal organizations from a legal perspective. There was a growing need for financial support and organization structures. The Internet Society was incorporated as a non-profit educational organization. Its members are corporations, organizations, governments, and universities. Its major standards efforts are directed through the IETF and the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). The ISOC now sponsors an annual conference (the INet), along with various publications and training seminars..
Internet in China - Internet in China The Internet has become pervasive in the People's Republic of China with universal public dialup access available in most cities. The price of computers places it well within the reach of the Chinese middle class. Much of the attention in the West has been placed on the interaction between the Internet and the authoritarian Communist Party of China. Early predictions that the Internet would bring the collapse of the party have proved unfounded. The Chinese government does block access to certain sites by IP address in which has been called the Great Firewall of China. These blocks are easily circumvented and are generally ineffective at preventing external news from entering the country. More effective have been Chinese government efforts to prevent the use.
History of Microsoft Windows - History of Microsoft Windows In 1983 Microsoft announced its development of Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS) that had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981. Microsoft modeled the GUI after that of Apple's MacOS. Bill Gates had been shown a Macintosh prototype by Steve Jobs early in its development, around 1981, and Microsoft was partnered by Apple to create some of the important early Mac software, such as Word and Excel. Gates is reported to have demanded of his engineers "I want Mac on a PC, I want Mac on a PC!". It was this desire to see a Mac-like interface on the then-cheaper Intel-based hardware that was the inspiration and driving force behind Windows. Early history.
History of Wikipedia - History of Wikipedia Wikipedia had its origin in a conversation between two old Internet friends, Larry Sanger, editor-in-chief of Nupedia, and Ben Kovitz, a computer programmer and polymath, on the evening of January 2, 2001, in San Diego, California. Kovitz was a Portland Pattern Repository ("Ward's Wiki") regular at the time (and may still be). When Kovitz explained the basic wiki concept to Sanger over dinner, Sanger immediately saw that a wiki would be an excellent format whereby a more open, less formal encyclopedia project could be pursued. For months prior to this, Sanger and his boss, Jimmy (Jimbo) Wales, president and CEO of Bomis, Inc., had been discussing various ways to supplement Nupedia with a more open, complementary project. So it did not take much.
History of science and technology - History of science and technology The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history which examines how humanity's understanding of science and technology has changed over the millennia, and how this understanding has allowed us to generate new technologies. This field of history also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of scientific innovation. The advent of modern mathematical science is generally believed to have begun with the Hellenic Pythagoreans; although, it would probably be a mistake to believe that modern science was a "Greek invention". Rather, the Greek influence on mathematics and scientific investigation has been better documented than the contributions of other ancient civilizations. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Challenge to Orthodoxy 2 Contribution to knowledge 3 Major areas/Sub-fields 3.1 Science.
History of radio - History of radio The pre- and early history of radio is the history of its technology. See also the History of Science and Technology. Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general History. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Radio's prehistory (19th century) 2 Radio Communication 3 Audio Broadcasting (1915--) 4 Radio broadcasting is born 5 FM radio 6 Telex on Radio 7 Exotic technologies 8 Television 9 Internet Radio (1995--) 10 Satellite Radio (2001--) 11 Ongoing development Radio's prehistory (19th century) 1820 Hans Christian Řrsted Michael Faraday James Clerk Maxwell Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Radio Communication In St. Louis, Missouri, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of radio communication in 1893. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National.
History of Germany since 1945 - History of Germany since 1945 This article is part of the History of Germany series. Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Germany since 1945 After the beginning of the Cold War, following Germany's defeat in World War II, Germany was split for about 40 years, representing the focus of the two global blocks in the east and west. Only in 1990 would Germany be reunited. History of East Germany History of West Germany Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Germany from 1945-1949 2 Political Developments in West Germany 3 Political Developments in East Germany 4 Inter-German Relations 5 German Unification 6 Four Power Control Ends Germany from 1945-1949 At the Potsdam Conference in August 1945, after Germany's unconditional surrender on May.
History of Bratislava - History of Bratislava This is a tabular history of Bratislava, capital of Slovakia. For an overview of Bratislava's history see Bratislava. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 B.C. 2 A.D. 2.1 1st century - 10th century 2.2 1000 – 1241 2.3 1241 - 1536 2.4 1536 - 1784 2.5 1784-1900 2.6 20th century 2.7 21st century 3 Ethnic structure 4 Historic Personalities B.C. 25 – 15 millions B. C.: 3 skeletons of the (Epi)Pliopithecus Vindobonensis found in the city part Devínska Nová Ves in 1957 14 – 10 millions B. C. : teeth of the Sivapithecus Darwiny (or Dryopithecus) found in the city part Devínska Nová Ves in 1902 Paleolithic Age: hand-axes and other stone tools of the Homo erectus (about 450000 and about 300000 B. C.).
History of the PRC (1976-present) - History of the PRC (1976-present) This article is part of the History of China series. Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Three Kingdoms Jin Dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty History of the Republic of China History of the PRC (1949-1976) History of the PRC (1976-present) Timeline of Chinese History Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 China after Mao 1.1 Deng Xiaoping consolidates power 1.2 "Reform and Opening-up" 1.3 "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" 1.4 1989 Student Movement and Tiananmen Square 1.5 Political aftermath 1.6 Deng's Legacy 1.7 Third Generation of Leaders 1.7.1 Economic developments 1.8 The Fourth Generation of Leaders and the 16th Party Congress 1.8.2 SARS 1.8.3.
History of Seattle since 1940 - History of Seattle since 1940 This article is part of the History of Seattle series. History of Seattle before 1900 History of Seattle 1900-1940 History of Seattle since 1940 This article covers the History of Seattle, Washington since 1940. Seattle is a city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. This article is part of the History of Seattle series. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 WWII and the Boeing Era: 1945 - 1970 2 The Counterculture in Seattle 3 The political emergence of non-white minorities 4 The Boeing Bust: 1970 - 1985 5 Silicon Forest: 1985-? 6 N30 7 Seattle today 8 References 9 External Links WWII and the Boeing Era: 1945 - 1970 From World War II until 1970, Seattle underwent.
