History of the Levant - History of the Levant This is the history of the Levant. See also: Israel and the history of Israel, Palestine, history of Palestine, Jordan, history of Jordan, Egypt, history of Egypt, Syria, history of Syria, Lebanon, history of Lebanon, the history of the Middle East, and the history of present-day nations and states. The Stone age The earliest known permanent settlements in the Levant were established by the Natufian culture. The Bronze age The first cities started developing in southern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC. With these ties of religion began to replace ties of kinship as the basis for society. Each city had a patron god, worshipped in a massive central temple called a ziggurat, and was ruled by a priest-king (ishakku). Society became.
History of Palestine - History of Palestine See Also: Palestine, History of Levant, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of Israel Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Historical overview 1.1 Ethnic analysis of Palestine 1.2 Political History of Palestine to 1917 1.3 Rise of Zionism Historical overview The term Palestine originates with the Philistines, who inhabited the southern coast of the region in biblical times. It fell into disuse with the disappearance of the Philistines c. 1000 B.C., but was reintroduced by the Romans following the Second Jewish Revolt ("Great Revolt") of Bar Kokhba of 132-135 A.D in the province of Judea. Historically, there was a clear distinction between Philistine and Judean territories; however, the Romans adopted the name for the province in an effort to erase any memories of.
History of Israel - History of Israel The neutrality of this article is disputed. This article discusses the history of the State of Israel, from 1948 A.D. to the present. See also History of Palestine for history of the region from approximately 600 B.C to 1948 A.D., and History of ancient Israel and Judah for history prior to approximately 600 B.C. This article concerns controversial issues. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Zionism and Israel 2 Early History of Modern Israel 2.1 References 3 The Lavon Affair 4 1956 Suez War 5 Six-Day War 6 The Yom Kippur War 7 "Zionism is Racism" Resolution 8 Egyptian-Israeli Peace Process 9 Lebanon 10 First Intifada 11 Gulf War 12 Immigration from the former Soviet Union 13 Middle East Peace Process 14 Assassination of.
History of the Hebrew language - History of the Hebrew language Introduction The Hebrew language belongs to Canaanite branch of the so-called Semitic family of Afroasiatic languages. It strongly resembles Aramaic and to a lesser extent the South-Central Arabic, sharing many linguistic features with them. Hebrew is currently spoken by a community of about 10 million people, of whom about 5 million live in the State of Israel, and the rest in the various countries of the Jewish diaspora. Hebrew is one of the three official languages of Israel, alongside English and Arabic. Early history At the end of the 3rd Millenium BCE the ancestral languages of Aramaic, Ugaritic and other various Canaanite languages swirled around in the Levant alongside the influential dialects of Ebla and Akkad. As the Hebrew founders from.
History of ancient Israel and Judah - History of ancient Israel and Judah In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources, including the Jewish Tanakh, the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, the writings of Josephus, other writings, and archeology. Depending on their interpretation, some writers see these sources as being in conflict. See The Bible and history for several views as to how the sources are best reconciled. This is a controversial subject, with important implications in the fields of religion, politics and diplomacy. This article attempts to give a conservative scholarly view which would currently be supported by most historians. The precise dates are in many cases subject to continuing discussion and challenge. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early history 1.1 The patriarchal period 1.2.
History of Persia - History of Persia History of Persia In 1935 Persia became Iran, see also History of Iran Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Dynasties 2 Median Dynasty 2.1 Achaemenid dynasty 2.2 Macedonian Dynasty 2.3 Seleucid dynasty 2.4 Parthian dynasty 2.5 Sassanid dynasty, 224-651 3 Seljuk Dynasty, 1029-1194 4 Ilkhans, 1256-1343 5 Timurid Dynasty, 1380-1449 6 Safavid Dynasty, 1502-1736 7 Afsharid Dynasty, 1736-1749 8 Zand Dynasty, 1750-1794 8.6 Qajar Dynasty, 1779-1925 8.7 Pahlavi Dynasty, 1925-1979 Dynasties See the Dutch version for a more detailed list. Median Dynasty Deioces 728-675 BC Phraortes 675-653 BC Cyaxares 625-585 BC Astyages 585-550 BC The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BC. Achaemenid dynasty Achaemenes of Anshan. Teispes of.
History of Asia - History of Asia History of Levant History of Babylonia History of Israel History of Jordan History of Lebanon History of Mesopotamia History of Palestine History of Persia History of Sumer History of Syria History of South Asia History of Afghanistan History of Bangladesh History of Bhutan History of India History of Nepal History of Pakistan History of Sri Lanka History of Tibet History of East Asia History of China History of the People's Republic of China History of the Republic of China History of Japan History of Korea History of North Korea History of South Korea History of Mongolia History of Southeast Asia History of Cambodia History of Indonesia History of Laos History of Malaysia History of Myanmar History of the Philippines History of Singapore History.
History of Iran - History of Iran Ancient history The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935 (see also History of Persia, History of Levant). Once a major empire in its own right, it has been overrun frequently and has had its territory altered throughout the centuries. Invaded by Arabs, Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and others--and often caught up in the affairs of larger powers--Iran has always reasserted its national identity and has developed as a distinct political and cultural entity. Archeological findings have placed knowledge of Iranian prehistory at middle paleolithic times (100,000 years ago). The earliest sedentary cultures date from 18,000-14,000 years ago. The sixth millennium BC saw a fairly sophisticated agricultural society and proto-urban population centers. Many dynasties have.
Early history of Poland (until 1385) - Early history of Poland (until 1385) This article is part of the History of Poland series. Early history of Poland (until 1385) The Jagiellon Era The Noble Republic Partitioned Poland (1795-1914) Independence of Poland Regained History of Poland (1939-1945) People's Republic of Poland History of Poland (1989-present) In the first centuries of its existence, the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European state, and integrated Poland into European culture. Formidable foreign enemies and internal fragmentation eroded this initial structure in the thirteenth century, but consolidation in the 1300s laid the base for the dominant Polish Kingdom that was to follow. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Origins of Poland 2 The Middle Ages.
Prehistory of Central North Africa - of Central North Africa This article is part of the History of Algeria series. Prehistory of Central North Africa North Africa during the Classical Period Rise of Islam in Algeria French rule in Algeria Nationalism and resistance in Algeria Algerian War of Independence History of Algeria since 1962 The cave paintings found at Tassili-n-Ajjer, north of Tamanrasset and at other locations depict vibrant and vivid scenes of everyday life in the central Maghrib between about 8000 B.C. and 4000 B.C. They were executed by a hunting people in the Capsian period of the Neolithic age who lived in a savanna region teeming with giant buffalo, elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, animals that no longer exist in the now-desert area. The pictures provide the most complete record of a prehistoric African culture. Earlier.
Levant - Levant The Levant is an approximate geographical term referring to an area roughly bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and the Zagros Mountains in the east. It generally does not include Asia Minor, the Caucasus Mountains, or any part of the Arabian Peninsula. The term "Levant" is derived from the Latin term levare (to rise), from levis ("light in weight"), and refers to the rising sun, which is the direction in which the region appears to lie from the perspective of Greek and Roman peoples. The term first began to appear in English in the 16th century, and is typically only used in conjunction with prehistoric or early historical references (similar to Mesopotamia, a territory the Levant includes), or when discussing the Crusades. See.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert - (on luxury and wars) -- France actually became increasingly impoverished. Colbert worked to create a favourable balance of trade and increase France's colonial holdings. He is considered to be a key figure, in the history of mercantilism. Colbert's market reforms included the importation of Venetian glass and Flemish cloth manufacturing to France. He also founded a royal tapestry works, at Beauvais. Colbert worked to improve the economy via tariffs and the construction of internal improvements. In regards to foreign markets, Colbert worked to ensure that coffee, cotton, dyewoods, fur, pepper, and sugar could be obtained by the French East India Company. In addition, Colbert created a French merchant marine. Colbert issued some 150+ edicts to regulate the guilds. One such law was intended to improve the quality of cloth. The edict.
John Mandeville - youth at Polombe (Quilon on the Malabar coast), and still seemed to feel the better; had taken astronomical observations on the way to Lamory (Sumatra), as well as in Brabant, Germany. Bohemia and still farther north; had been at an isle called Pathen in the Indian Ocean; had been at Cansay (Hangchow-fu) in China, and had served the emperor of China fifteen months against the king of Mann; had been among rocks of adamant in the Indian Ocean; had been through a haunted valley, which he places near "Milstorak" (i.e. Malasgird in Armenia); had been driven home against his will in 1357 by arthritic gout; and had written his book as a consolation for his "wretched rest." The paragraph which states that he had had his book confirmed at Rome by.
John Tradescant - sending him to the Low Countries for fruit trees. Later, Tradescant was gardener to the royal favorite George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. John Tradescant travelled to Arctic Russia in 1618, to the Levant and to Algiers, collecting seeds and bulbs everywhere and assembling a collection of curiosities of natural history and ethnography that became the first museum open to the public, the Musaeum Tradescantianum, in Lambeth, London. From their botanical garden in Lambeth, on the south bank of the Thames, he and his son, John, introduced many plants into English gardens that have become part of the modern gardener's repertory. A genus of plants (Tradescantia) is named to honor him. His son, John Tradescant the Younger (1608-1662), botanist and gardener, born in Meopham, Kent, made three trips to Virginia between.
Impressionism - exhibited publicly in 1874. The movement was named after Claude Monet's Impression, soleil levant (1873); the term being coined by critic Louis Leroy. See also Impressionist music, American Impressionism A girl with a watering can by Renoir, 1876 Impressionism as Painting Technique The Impressionist approach to painting is usually identified with a strong concern for light in its changing qualities, often with an emphasis on the effects of a particular passage of time. Impressionism is still widely practiced today, and a variety of successive movements were influenced by it. painters who showed in the Impressionist exhibitions Eugene Boudin Mary Cassatt Gustave Caillebotte Camille Corot Edgar Degas Henri de Fantin-Latour Edouard Manet Claude Monet Berthe Morisot Camille Pissarro Pierre-Auguste Renoir Alfred Sisley Pigeons have been trained to distinguish between cubist and impressionist.
Ionian Islands - the centuries of rule by Venice, they acquired Italian names, by which they some of them are still known in English. Ithaki was known as Val di Conspare, Kerkyra as Corfu, Kythera as Cerigo, Lefkada as Santa Maura and Zakynthos as Zante. A variety of spellings is used for the Greek names of the islands, particularly in historical writing. Kefallonia is often spelled as Cephalonia, Ithaki as Ithaca, Kerkyra as Corcyra, Kythera as Cythera, Lefkada as Leucada or Leucas and Zakynthos as Zacinthus or Zacynthus. Older or variant Greek forms are sometimes also used: Kefallinia for Kefallonia and Paxos for Paxoi. Throughout this article the islands will be called by their modern Greek names. History The Ionian Islands The islands (apart from Kythera which is historically part of the Peloponnisos), were.
Hittites - the Hittite Empire is usually attributed to Hattusilis I, who conquered the plain south of Hattush, all the way to the outskirts of modern-day Aleppo in Syria. Though it remained for his heir, Mursilis I, to conquer that city, Hattusilis was clearly influenced by the rich culture he discovered in northern Mesopotamia and founded a school in his capital to spread the cuneiform style of writing he encountered there. Mursilis continued the conquests of Hattusilis, reaching down Mesopotamia and threatening Babylonia itself. This lengthy campaign, however, strained the country's resources and left the capital in a state of near-anarchy. Mursilis was assassinated shortly after his return home, and the Hittite Empire was plunged into chaos. The Hurrians, a people living in the mountainous region along the upper Tigris and Euphrates rivers,.
Gaeta - province of Latina in Lazio, Italy. It has a population of approximately 24,000. History During the break-up of the Roman empire, Gaeta, like Amalfi and Naples, would seem to have established itself as a practically independent port and to have carried on a thriving trade with the Levant. Its history, however, is obscure until, in 823, it appears as a lordship ruled by hereditary Itypati or consuls. In 844 the town fell into the hands of the Arabs, but four years later they were driven out with help supplied by Pope Leo IV. In 875 the town was in the hands of Pope John VIII, who gave it to the count of Capua as a fief of the Holy See, which had long claimed jurisdiction over it. In 877, however, the.
Druze - themselves neither Arabs nor Muslims. Some 600,000 Druze live in the Middle East today. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History of the Druze 2 The Druze Today 3 Views of the Druze 4 Western Druze Community History of the Druze The religion developed out of Ismaili Islam, a religio-political movement based in the Fatimid Caliphate, in the 10th century. The religion started out as an attempt to reform Islam, which was thought largely corrupted under the rule of the Abbassids around the beginning of the First Millennium (CE). In short, the main actors were Al-Hakim-Bi-Amr-elLah, Hamza and Nashtakin-Al-Darazi to name a few. The official name of the movement is "Tawheed" (Unity), but the name 'Druze' is wrongfully credited to Nashtakin-Al-Darazi, it is a misnomer. The Druze played major roles in the.
Documentary hypothesis - that they were also recognizable in Joshua. W. M. L. de Wette (1780—1849) joined the theory to that asserted by 17th century commentators by stating that the Book of Deuteronomy was not written by the author(s) of the first four books of the Pentateuch. In 1805 he attributed Deuteronomy to the time of Josiah (post Moses period). Soon other writers also began considering the idea. By 1823 Eichhorn abandoned claiming Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch. About 1822, F. Bleek commented about the original relationship of Joshua to the Pentateuch in its continuation of the narrative in Deuteronomy, of which it formed the conclusion. The letters "J" for Jahwist and "E" Elohist were then designated for the documents. H. Hupfeld followed K. D. Ilgen in identifying two separate documents that used "Elohim"..
