Huldrych Zwingli - Huldrych Zwingli '\Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli' (1484 to 1531) was the leader of the Swiss Reformation and founder of the Swiss Reformed Churches. Independent from Luther, he arrived at similar conclusions by the way of studying scripture with his knowledge as excellent humanist scholar. Zwingli's Reformation was supported by the magistrate and population of Zürich (including the influential Abbess of the Monastery of our Lady) and lead to big changes also in civil and state matters in Zürich. While the main direction of the Swiss Reformation was similar to the Lutheran Reformation, there are also some differences: While Luther wanted to remove those religious customs which contradicted Scripture, Zwingli supported only religious customs supported in Scripture. This is visible until today in several areas: church buildings:.
History of Switzerland - waged war among themselves at times) which belonged nominally to the medieval German empire. A victorious war against the rich prince Charles the Bold of Burgundy in the 15th century gave the Swiss confederates a reputation of strong warriors who also served as mercenaries, especially in the wars of renaissance Italy. During the Reformation, the alliance almost broke, half of the cantons (mainly the cities) joining the Zurich reformation of Huldrych Zwingli, the other half remaining Catholic. Legal independence was achieved at the Peace of Westphalia. In 1648, were defeated by the French in the Thirty Years' War which involved almost all of middle Europe (Austria, Bohemia, Sweden, France, Denmark). The Swiss managed to keep out of the war, and as part of the settlement, the Swiss Confederation was granted complete.
Daniel Albert Wyttenbach - descent from Thomas Wyttenbach, professor of theology in Basel at the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century, who had taught Huldrych Zwingli and other distinguished pupils. Wyttenbach's own father was also a theological professor of considerable note, first at the University of Berne, and then at Marburg. He moved to Marburg in 1756, partly because he had studied there under the famous Christian Wolff, and embodied the philosophical principles of his master in his own theological teaching. Young Wyttenbach entered the University of Marburg at the age of fourteen, and studied there for four years. His parents intended him to be a Lutheran pastor. The first two years were given up to general education, principally to mathematics, "philology," philosophy and history. The professor of mathematics, Spangenberg, greatly.
Baptist - and is generally considered to be based on personal opinion rather than God's leading. The belief that only the Bible should be the source of all theological views is often called sola scriptura. Since one of the distinctives of the Baptist denomination is the idea of the priesthood of the believer, Baptists reject the concept that there is authority flowing down from previous church leaders which can be traced to the apostles in apostolic succession. Each person is responsible before God for his/her own understanding of God's word (the Bible), and is encouraged to work out their own salvation with fear and trembling. Another distinctive is congregationalist government, the autonomy of the local church. Baptist churches are not under the direct administrative control of any other body, such as a national.
Calvinism - phase of the Protestant Reformation, when evangelical churches began to form following Luther's excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church. In this sense, Calvinism was originally a Lutheran movement. Calvin himself signed the Lutheran Augsburg confession in 1540. On the other hand, Calvin's influence first began to be felt in the Swiss Reformation, which was not Lutheran but rather, followed Huldrych Zwingli. It became evident that doctrine in the Reformed churches was developing in a direction independent of Luther's, under the influence of numerous writers and reformers, among whom John Calvin was pre-eminent, and thus became called Calvinism. Given that it has multiple founders, the name "Calvinism" is somewhat misleading if taken to imply that every major feature of the doctrine of the "Calvinist churches", or of all Calvinist movements, can be.
Canton of Schwyz - churches in Tuggen and Schwyz that date back to this time. In the 10th century the abbey of Einsiedeln became more and more powerful. It soon controlled many of the surrounding lands, many of which outside the area today covered by the canton of Schwyz. The economy benefited from the transit across the Gotthard, but these profits attracted other powers, such as the Habsburgs. On 1 August 1291 the canton of Schwyz founded the Swiss Confederation together with Uri and Unterwalden (Pact of the Rütli). It's one of the Four Woodlands (Vier Waldstätten, Schwyz, Uri, Unterwalden, Lucerne), located on the shores of the Vierwaldstättersee Lake Lucerne. The canton of Schwyz took the leadership in the confederation early on. As early as 1320 the name of the canton was applied to the.
Marburg - 5 of them died. Whilst this may seem a small number of people, during a cholera epidemic in the modern world only 1 in 20 people die. The Marburg virus is named after the town as it is customary to name viruses of such ferocity after the town, or area they originate. In 1529, Philipp I of Hesse arranged the Conference of Marburg, to propitiate Luther and Zwingli (see Huldrych_Zwingli#8._Eucharistic_Conference_with_Luther_at_Marburg). Marburg is also the German name of Maribor, the second largest city in Slovenia..
List of Swiss people - science Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), work on ice ages, glaciers Jacob Amsler (1823-1912), mathematician and inventor of measuring instruments Werner Arber (born 1929), 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Johann Georg Baiter (1801-1877), philologist Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier (1840-1914) archaeologist Jean-François Bergier (born 1931), historian Eugene Bleuler (1857-1940), psychiatrist Felix Bloch (born 1905), 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics Charles Bonnet (1720-1793), botanist Daniel Bovet (born 1907), 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Joost Bürgi (28 Feb 1552-31 Jan 1632), mathematician and watchmaker Jean-André Deluc (1727 - 1817), geologist Albert Einstein, (1879-1955), scientist Richard R. Ernst (born 1933), 1991 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Edmond H. Fischer (born 1920), 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Auguste Forel (1848-1931), psychiatrist, neurologist François-Alphonse Forel (1841-1912), pioneer in the study of lakes Conrad Gessner.
List of people on stamps of Switzerland - Riggenbach (1942) Rainer Maria Rilke (1979) Iris von Roten-Meyer (1996) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1962) Rudolf of Neuchâtel (1988) Rudolf von Rotenburg (1988) S Othmar Schoeck (1969) Georges Simenon (1994) Eduard Spelterini (1977) Theophil Sprecher von Bernegg (1950) Johanna Spyri (1951) Madame de Staël (1969) Heinrich von Stephan (1974) T William Tell (1914) Rodolphe Toepffer (1946) V Alexandre Vinet (1931) W Emil Welti (1932) Niklaus Wengi (1949) Johann Wettstein (1948) Ulrich Wille (1948) Y Alexandre Yersin (1971) Z Huldrych Zwingli (1969) Albericht Zwyssig (1954).
List of people by name: Zw - - Z Za - Zb-Zc - Zd - Ze - Zf-Zg - Zh - Zi - Zj-Zn - Zo - Zp-Zt - Zu - Zv - Zw - Zx-Zz Zweig, Arnold, (1887-1968), German writer Zweig, Stefan, (1881-1942), Austrian writer Zwentibold, 870/1-900 son of Arnulf of Carinthia by a concubine Zwicky, Fritz, (1898-1974), astronomer Zwicky, Jan, Canadian writer Zwilich, Ellen, (born 1939), composer Zwinger, Theodore, (1533- 1588), Swiss scholar Zwingli, Huldrych, (1484-1531) Swiss Protestant leader Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma, (1899-1982), physicist, electrical engineer, television pinoeer.
January 1 - New Zealand 1964 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved 1969 - Marien Ngouabi becomes President of the Republic of Congo 1970 - Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC. 1971 - Cigarette advertisements banned on United States television 1973 - United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark join the EEC 1978 - An Air India Boeing 747 exploded and crashed into the sea off the coast of Bombay killing 213 1979 - United States and the People's Republic of China establish formal diplomatic relations 1981 - Palau becomes self-governing 1981 - Greece enters the European Community 1983 - The ARPANET officially changes to use the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet 1984 - Brunei becomes a fully independent state. 1984 - AT&T is broken up into 22 independent units 1984 - Spain and Portugal.
Johann Eck - induced Erasmus to caution the young theological student against precipitating himself into the religious conflict, retorted that Melanchthon knew nothing of theology. In his reply to the Excusatio, Melanchthon proved that he was thoroughly versed in theology, and Eck fared still worse in October of the same year, when he sought to aid Emser by a strongly-worded tirade against Luther. Two biting satires, one by OEcolampadius and the other by Pirkheimer, stung him to a fury which would be satisfied with nothing less than the public burning of the entire literature in the market-place at Ingolstadt, an act from which he was restrained by his colleague Reuchlin. 4. Papal Emissary and Inquisitor. Eck was far more highly esteemed as the dauntless champion of the true faith at Rome than in Germany..
Johannes Oecolampadius - this was not for him the ideal Christian life ("amisi monachum, inveni Christianum"), and in February 1522 he made his way to Ebernburg, near Creuznach, where he acted as chaplain to a little group of men holding the new opinions who had settled there under the leadership of Franz von Sickingen. Oecolampadius returned to Basel in November 1522, as vicar of St Martin's, and (in 1523) reader of the Holy Scripture at the University of Basel. Lecturing on Isaiah, he condemned current ecclesiastical abuses, and in a public disputation (August 20 1523) gained such success that Erasmus writing to Zürich said "Oecolampadius has the upper hand amongst us." He became Huldreich Zwingli's assistant, and after more than a year of earnest preaching and four public disputations in which the popular verdict.
John Hooper - had been monks or friars, of infidelity to the vow of chastity; and his own letters to Heinrich Bullinger are curiously reticent on this part of his history. He speaks of himself as being the only son and heir of his father and as fearing to be deprived of his inheritance if he adopted the reformed religion. Before 1546 he had secured employment in the household of Sir Thomas Arundell, an influential man. Hooper speaks of himself at this period as being "a courtier and living too much of a court life in the palace of our king." But he chanced upon some of Zwingli's works and Bullinger's commentaries on St Paul's epistles; and after some molestation in England and some correspondence with Bullinger on the lawfulness of complying against his.
Iconoclasm - of the "Triumph of Orthodoxy". Islamic Iconoclasm Because of the prohibition against figural decoration in mosques - not, as is often said, a total ban on the use of images - Muslims have on occasion committed acts of iconoclasm against the devotional images of other religions. An example of this is the 2001 destruction of frescoes and the monumental statues of the Buddha at Bamiyan by the Taliban, an element of the Islamist movement. In a number of countries, conquering Muslim armies tore down local temples and houses of worship, and built mosques on their sites. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem was built on top of the remains of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Similar acts occurred in parts of north Africa under Muslim conquest. In India, numerous former.
Heinrich Bullinger - of the Bible. Next the writings of Luther and Melanchthon appealed to him. Appointed teacher (1522) in the cloister school of Cappel, he lectured on Melanchthon's Loci Communes (1521). He heard Zwingli at Zürich in 1527, and next year accompanied him to the disputation at Berne. He was made pastor of Bremgarten in 1529, and married Anna Adlischweiler, a former nun, by whom he had eleven children. After the Battle of Cappel (October 11, 1531), in which Zwingli fell, he left Bremgarten. On December 9, 1531 he was chosen to succeed Zwingli as chief pastor of Zürich. A strong writer and thinker, his spirit was essentially unifying and sympathetic, in an age when these qualities won little sympathy. His controversies on the Lord's Supper with Luther, and his correspondence with Lelio.
History of Denmark - year the Hanseatic League controlled the fortresses on "the sound" between Sweden and Denmark. Margaret and the Kalmar Union Main Article: Kalmar Union Margaret I was the daughter of Valdemar Atterdag. She was married to Håkon VI of Norway in an attempt to join the two kingdoms and perhaps bring in Sweden since Håkon was related to the Swedish royal family. Originally her son, Olaf III was intended to rule the three kingdoms, but due to his early death she took on the role. During her life the three kingdoms including the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland) and present-day Finland), were unified under her capable rule, in what was called the Kalmar Union, made official in 1397. Her successor, Eric of Pomerania, was wildly incompetent, and was directly responsible for the break.
1531 - hit by an earthquake-- thousands die October 1 - Battle of Kappel - The forces of Zürich are defeated by the Catholic cantons. Huldreich Zwingli, the Swiss religious reformer, is killed. Our Lady of Guadeloupe: The Virgin Mary appears to Aztec convert Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin. Andrea Alciato publishes the first part of his Emblemata. The Comet Halley appears. Births James Stewart, Earl of Moray, illegitimate son of King James V of Scotland and later regent of Scotland Deaths October 1 - Huldreich Zwingli, Reformer Andrea Del Sarto, Florentine painter Vallabhacarya, Hindu spiritual leader Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I of France.
Anabaptist - June 24, 1535, and in January 1536 Bockelson and some of his more prominent followers, after being cruelly tortured, were executed in the market-place. Their dead bodies were exhibited in cages, which hung from the steeple of St. Lamberti church. (These cages are still hanging there.) The outbreak at Münster was the crisis of the Anabaptist movement. It never again had the opportunity of assuming political importance, the civil powers naturally adopting the most stringent measures to suppress an agitation whose avowed object was to suppress them. It is difficult to trace the subsequent history of the group as a religious body. The fact that, after the Münster insurrection the very name Anabaptist was proscribed in Europe, is a source of twofold confusion. The enforced adoption of new names makes it.
The Last Supper - churches. This service is known as the Mass or Eucharist in Catholic traditions, and as the Divine Liturgy in Orthodox traditions. The name Eucharist is from the Greek word eucharios which means thanksgiving or thank you. Catholics typically restrict the term 'communion' to the distribution to the commmunicants during the service of the body and blood of Christ. Within many Protestant traditions, the name Communion is used. This name emphasizes the nature of the service as a "joining in common" between God and humans, due to the sacrifice of Christ Jesus. A final variation of the name of the service is The Lord's Supper. This name tends to be used by the churches of minimalist traditions, such as those strongly influenced by Zwingli. See also: Sacrament Transubstantiation Consubstantiation The Last Supper.
