Humanism - Humanism Humanism or Renaissance humanism is the cultural movement in Europe during the Middle Ages and the renaissance, that revived the language (in particular the Greek language), science and poetry of classical antiquity (mainly Ancient Greece). To a certain extent, this could include an orientation toward antique value systems and deviation from the prevailing Christian doctrine. From this comes the second meaning of the word. A person primarily studying languages related to classical antiquity, such as Greek or Latin, and the art, literature and poetry of this epoch may sometimes be called a humanist and the main area of concern for these people is then referred to as humanities. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Humanism -- the Humanist Doctrine 2 List of Humanists 3.
Existentialism and Humanism - Existentialism and Humanism Existentialism and Humanism is a philosophical work by Jean-Paul Sartre. It is seen by many as one of the defining texts in the Existentialist movement. In his text, Sartre says that the key defining point of Existentialism is that the existence of a person comes (chronologically) before his or her essence. In simple terms, this means that, although that person exists, there is nothing to dictate that person's character, goals in life, and so on. Only the person themselves can define their essence. To quote Sartre: Man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world - and defines himself afterwards. Thus, Sartre is rejecting what he calls "deterministic excuses", and claiming that all people must take responsibility for their behaviour..
Council for Secular Humanism - Council for Secular Humanism The Council for Secular Humanism is the only exclusively Secular Humanist organization in the USA..
Transhumanism - begun to take shape. The "human condition," it holds, is not the constant it appeared to be, and future innovations will allow humans to shape their physical, emotional and cognitive characteristics as they see fit. Transhumanism maintains that this is good and that humans can and should become more than human through the application of such technological innovations as genetic engineering, nanotechnology, neuropharmaceuticals, prosthetic enhancements and mind-machine interfaces. "Transhumanism is more than just an abstract belief that we are about to transcend our biological limitations by means of technology; it is also an attempt to reevaluate the entire human predicament as traditionally conceived," says Transhumanist philosopher Nick Bostrom. "And it is a bid to take a farsighted and constructive approach to our new situation." Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Enlightenment and.
Secular humanism - Secular humanism Secular humanism is the main branch of humanism. On its surface, secularism tends to reject supernaturalism, thus conflicting with most religions. Secularism is not opposed to religion, but to religious law, whereby religion proposes to impose its doctrines upon all of its citizenry, dismissing full freedom of religion. Secular simply means keeping separate the common government from individualistic religion so that any rules developed under secularism can be applied universally. Secular Humanism can be (over) simplified thus: Humans matter and can solve human problems Science, free speech, rational thought, democracy and freedom in the arts go together There is no supernatural There are now nine Humanist Manifestos and Declarations Humanist Manifesto I (1933) Humanist Manifesto II (1973) A Secular Humanist Declaration (1980) A Declaration of.
Religious humanism - Religious humanism Religious humanism may be seen as a division of the philosophy of humanism that forms a counterpart to the more common example of secular humanism. While retaining a number of religious beliefs and/or practices, religious humanism still gives human interests, values, and worth a central place. One approach to religious humanism, promulgated by the Church of Spiritual Humanism, recognises the necessity of religious behaviour while it rejects supernatural explanations. Thus, it endorses religious ceremonies, rituals, and rites. Since these religious behaviors have endured from before recorded history, they hold it probable that they are integrated and "hard wired" into humans. By redefining the meanings of these behaviors in the light of rational and reasoned scientific processes, humanist values can be instilled into existing cultures and.
Renaissance humanism - Renaissance humanism An important element in Renaissance scholarship was the cultural movement and world-view known as humanism. The studia humanista taught by the umanista—grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, moral philosophy—was prevalent in schools and universities during the Renaissance. Ethics was taught rather than theology. There was a great interest in classical Latin, but interest in Greek only revived in the late 15th century. Early 15th-century humanists were interested in classical Latin and not in mediaeval Latin, which was a different and simpler language with many neologisms. Renaissance scholars perceived ‘Gothic’ Latin as barbarous—they wanted to return to ‘Ciceronian’ Latin. Theirs was a highly pedantic approach to philology—they were technical and professional students of language—it was a radical departure aiming to understand the language and its structure on its.
New Humanism - New Humanism New Humanism is a variant on secular humanism, advocating for an extreme yet nonviolent transformation on personal, social, and governmental levels. Proponents of New Humanism believe that, currently, those in power have all the power and try to keep everything as it is to keep their power. New Humanism has been accused of being neo-Marxist, although proponents strongly disagree with this. External Links "New Humanism", in The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism "Irving Babbitt", in The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition The Writings of Paul Elmer More newhumanism.org..
Ken Ham - has five children, two of which live with them in Cincinnati. In 1994 he set up Answers in Genesis; a Christian ministry devoted to convincing people that every word of the Bible should be taken as literally true. Ham believes that belief in evolution has had a bad effect on society and is to be blamed for humanism, racism, euthanasia, pornography, homosexuality, family breakup and more. See also: Creationism Darwinism Evolution Intelligent Design.
King Sejong the Great of Joseon - 英陵). His successor was his first son, Munjong. Sejongno (a street) and the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts--both located in central Seoul--are named after King Sejong, and he is depicted on the South Korean 10,000-Won note. Further Reading King Sejong the Great: the Light of Fifteenth Century Korea, Young-Key Kim-Renaud, International Circle of Korean Linguistics, 1992, softcover, 119 pages, ISBN 1-882177-00-2 External Link King Sejong's Confucian Humanism in the Early Choson Period See also List of Koreans..
J. William Fulbright - two senators passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which led to the further escalation of the Vietnam War. Fulbright warned: Many Senators who accepted the Gulf of Tonkin resolution without question might well not have done so had they foreseen that it would subsequently be interpreted as a sweeping Congressional endorsement for the conduct of a large-scale war in Asia. In 1964, Fulbright published The Arrogance of Power (ISBN 0812992628) in which he attacked the justification of the Vietnam War, Congress's failure to set limits on it, and impulses which gave rise to it. Fulbright's scathing critique undermined the elite consensus that U.S. military intervention in Indochina was necessitated by Cold War geopolitics. Some critics of U.S. foreign policy argue that U.S. policy has changed little since Fulbright wrote his book.
James R. Flynn - the world. He is an active participant in the academic debate on race and intelligence. Flynn is also a passionate campaigner for liberal causes. Partial Bibliography: Race, IQ and Jensen Humanism and Ideology: an Aristotelian View Asian Americans : Achievement Beyond IQ How to Defend Humane Ideals.
Jean-Paul Sartre - which taught that socioeconomic forces beyond one's control play a critical role in determining the course of one's life. Major works: Nausea (La Nausée), 1938 The Wall (Le Mur), 1939 Being and Nothingness (L'Etre et le Néant), 1943 "Existentialism is a Humanism", 1946 Anti-Semite and Jew Critique of Dialectical Reason (Critique de la raison dialectique) No Exit (Huis-Clos), 1944 The Words (les Mots), 1964 - autobiographical The Flies, a play (Les Mouches), 1943 "Preface" to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth note: see the French version of this article for a more complete list of works Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964, but refused it. He is buried in Cimetiere de Montparnasse, in Paris, France..
Jewish denominations - opposed to the enlightenment developed into a set of loosely linked communities known as Orthodox Judaism. This loose differentiation did not hold for long. The various groups in Orthodox Judaism had differing attitudes on how to respond, and they developed into a number of different groups, including Modern Orthodox Judaism and Ultra-Orthodox Judaism; the latter entry discusses how and why the enlightenment led to the development of the modern Jewish denominations. A third school of thought then developed which held that halakha (Jewish law and tradition) was not static, but rather had always developed in response to changing conditions. This approach, Positive-Historical Judaism, held that Jews should accept halakha as normative (i.e. binding) yet must also be open to developing the law in the same fashion that it had developed in.
Independent Baptist - late 1800's and early 1900's when national Baptist denominations and conventions in the United States and England started moving in the directions of liberalism and humanism. Weakening beliefs in these denominations about core Christian doctrines such as the infallability of the Bible, the nature of God and Jesus, and separation from worldliness caused the more conservative local churches to react by separating from these denominations. Many joined new denominations that were more conservative in their beliefs. However, many did not join any particular denomination and remained "independent", because of the belief that denominations were not supported in scripture. These local churches then set about establishing more independent Baptist churches. In beliefs, most Independent Baptist churches support the core beliefs that most Baptist churches support with some variation: B - The Bible.
Italian Renaissance - Italy in the Italian city-states. The Renaissance in Italy was intertwined with the intellectual movement known as Renaissance humanism and with the fiercely independent and combative urban societies of northern Italy in the 13th to 16th centuries. The first 2-3 decades of the 15th century saw the emergence of an almost unique cultural efflorescence, particularly in Florence. This 'Florentine enlightenment' (Holmes) was a major achievement. It was a classical, classicising culture which sought to live up to the republican ideals of Athens and Rome. Sculptors used Roman models and classical themes. This society had a new relationship with the classical past. It felt it owned it and revived it. Florentines felt akin to 1st century BC republican Rome. Rucellai wrote that he belonged to a great age; Bruni’s Panegyric to the.
Hergé - left the twenty-fourth Tintin adventure, Tintin and Alph-art, unfinished. His work remains a strong influence on comics, particularly in Europe. The notable qualities of the Tintin stories include their vivid humanism, a realistic feel produced by meticulous and wide-ranging research, and Hergé's ligne claire drawing style. Other series that Hergé wrote and drew include Jo, Zette et Jocko and Quick et Flupke. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Childhood and Early Career 2 World War II 3 Postwar Troubles 4 Personal Crises 5 The Last Years Childhood and Early Career Georges Remi was born in 1907 to Alexis and Elisabeth Remi, a middle-class couple living in Brussels, Belgium. His four years of primary schooling coincided with World War I (1914 - 1918), during which Brussels was occupied by Germany. Georges, who displayed.
History of Christianity - paganism, or any religion but Christianity The Christological controversies The Christological controversies include examinations of questions like the following. Was Christ divine or human or beyond simple classification into one category? Did Christ's miracles actually change physical reality or were they merely symbolic? Did Christ's body actually arise from the dead or was the resurrected Christ a supernatural being not limited to a physical frame? Diodore, Theodore and Apollinarius Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius The anti-Nestorian council at Ephesus and the anti-Monophysite reaction at the Council of Chalcedon The search for reconciliation and the heresy of one will (monothelitism, the question of whether Jesus Christ had one (divine) will or two wills, one divine and one human will) Christianity becomes a state religion Theodosius I Ambrose of Milan ( bishop and.
History of Bulgaria - of the writings of many priests' are attributed to his name. Presbyter Kozma's 'Lecture against the Bogomils' (tenth c.) betrays a good measure of patriotism. From the positions of the official ideology he does not confine himself solely to the castigation of a heresy, but goes on to disclaim certain failings and weaknesses of the social system, rejecting the moral decay among the high clergy and the feudal aristocracy and seeking the underlying reasons for the people's discontent. The creation of these and many other works of spiritual value was paralleled by extensive building. Many new churches and palaces were erected, of which The Golden Church in the second Bulgarian capital of Preslav, the fortresses of the third Bulgarian capital Ohrid, and others were particularly notable. The peculiar Bulgatian-Byzantine symbiosis, which.
Huldrych Zwingli - a bold thing in obeying the summons of the landgrave. He left Zürich by stealth, without permission of the government and with a false statement to his wife as to his destination, but nothing happened to him. As it was thought unwise to pit him directly against Luther, he was introduced to Melanchthon, but nevertheless the debate was between the German and the Swiss chief reformers. Both sides boasted of victory, and the usual interchange of disgraceful epithets followed the debate which the landgrave hoped would seal their union. 9. Unsuccessful Plans against the Hapsburgs and the Pope. After his return to Zürich Zwingli prosecuted more vigorously those political schemes which were intended to result in a union of all Protestants, and also of states which were not Protestant, against the.
