HyperCard - HyperCard HyperCard is an application program and a simple programming environment produced by Apple Computer which runs only in Mac OS Classic. It most closely resembles a database application in concept, in that it stores information, but unlike traditional database systems HyperCard is very flexible and trivially easy to modify. In addition HyperCard includes a powerful and easy to use programming language to manipulate that data, one that is so easy to use that most HyperCard users used it as a programming system as opposed to a database. History HyperCard was created by Bill Atkinson and initially released in 1987, with the understanding that Atkinson would give HyperCard to Apple only if they promised to release it for free on all Macs. Originally called WildCard during.
Visual Basic - to model visually the the user interface (and, to some extent, the code). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Language Features 2 Factors Leading to Commercial Success 3 Similar Languages 4 Visual Basic for Applications 5 Criticisms of Visual Basic 6 Older Versions of Visual Basic 7 Visual Basic and HyperCard 8 See also 9.
Informix - Unix grew in popularity during the mid-1980s, their fortunes changed. By 1986 they had become large enough to float a successful IPO, and changed the company name to Informix Software. A series of releases followed, including the splitting of the product line starting with Version 5 into Informix OnLine with a new query engine (known for a time as Turbo), and Informix-SE, a re-named version of the original system. Following the lead of a number of other database developers, Informix then started looking at tools to build database applications. Informix-4GL was the result, a text-based forms application. Innovative Software acquisition In 1988, Informix purchased Innovative Software, makers of a Unix-based office system called SmartWare and WingZ, an innovative spreadsheet program for the Apple Macintosh. Wingz provided a highly graphical user interface,.
History of the Internet - responsibility for defining standards. This is the reason for the very low-key name of "Request for Comments" rather than something like "Declaration of Official Standard".) The first RFC (RFC1) was written on April 7th, 1969. There are now well over 2000 RFCs, describing every aspect of how the internet functions. The Internet standards process has been as innovative as the Internet itself. Prior to the Internet, standardization was a slow process run by committees with arguing vendor-driven factions and lengthy delays. In networking in particular, the results were monstrous patchworks of bloated specifications. The fundamental requirement for a networking protocol to become an Internet standard is the existence of at least two working implementations that interoperate with each other. This makes sense looking back, but it was a new concept at.
Hypertext - Memex desk was more than an hypertext machine. It was a microfilm based precursor to the personal computer. The November 1945 Life magazine article which showed the first illustrations of what the Memex desk could look like also showed illustrations of a head mounted camera, which a scientist could wear while doing experiments, and of a typewriter capable of voice recognition and of reading back the text by speech synthesis. Taken together, these Memex machines were probably the earliest practical description of what we would call today the Office of the future. Computer scientist Ted Nelson coined the word "hypertext" in 1965. Nelson's work and many other early hypertext systems such as Douglas Engelbart's "NLS" and the popular HyperCard application bundled with the Apple Macintosh computer were quickly overshadowed by the.
HyperTalk - programming language used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program. HyperTalk is generally considered to be a scripting language and is fairly similar to written English. HyperTalk uses commands that are very similar to those used in the Macintosh Toolbox, which is the API used to call the kernel of the classic Macintosh operating system (MacOS). HyperTalk uses a logic structure similar to the Pascal programming language..
Database - have the same interface (polymorphism). This doesn't fit well with a relational database where all rows in a table have exactly the same columns and the columns are directly accessible. A variety of ways have been tried for storing objects in a database, but there is little consensus on how this should be done. Some ways of implementing object databases appear to undo the benefits of relational model by introducing pointers and making ad-hoc queries more difficult. As a result, object databases tend to be used for specialized applications and general-purpose object databases have not been very popular commercially. Instead, objects are often stored in relational databases using complicated mapping software. At the same time, relational database software vendors have added features to allow objects to be stored more conveniently, drifting.
Apple store - and Apple Pro Speakers. Apple Software, including: Mac OS X, iLife applications, like iTunes, iPhoto, Keynote, etc.; DVD Studio Pro, Final Cut Pro, HyperCard, Shake3, and other miscellaneous Apple software titles. Third Party Software made for Mac OS, such as design software by Macromedia, games, utilities, and pretty much anything new that has been released for Mac OS X. Select Third Party Accessories for Apple products, ranging from carrying cases for Apple notebooks and iPod sleeves to speakers, printers, scanners, memory upgrades, and digital cameras. Also available are Apple Instant Loans for when you can't quite afford your purchase, as well as gift certificates to both the Apple Store and the iTunes Music Store. It offers automatic online discounts to "educational" users which include both faculty and students of higher education,.
Authorware - animation, sound and video; develop interactivity and add navigational elements such as links, buttons, and menus. Macromedia Director movies can also be integrated into an Authorware project. Xtras, or add-ins, can also be used to extend the functionality of Authorware, which is similar to HyperCard's XCMDs. Authorware's power can be even better utilized with the use of variables, functions and expressions. Authorware, Inc. merged with MacroMind-Paracomp in 1992 to form Macromedia..
Bill Atkinson - Macintosh visionary Jef Raskin was one of his professors. He designed and programmed HyperCard, the first popular hypertext system. Atkinson was also part of the Apple Macintosh development team and was key in the development of the MacPaint application, among others. Atkinson also designed and implemented QuickDraw, the fundamental toolbox that the Macintosh used for graphics. QuickDraw's performance was essential for the Macintosh's Graphical user interface's success. As of 2002, he was involved full-time in fine-art digital nature photography..
Claris - 1980s they started a major upgrade effort, including a more modern and common user interface across the products, based on FileMaker Pro. The result was the "pro" series, MacPaint Pro, MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro and FileMaker Pro. In order to provide a complete suite they also purchased the rights to Informiz WingZ spreadsheet on the Mac, re-branding it as Claris Resolve, and added the new presentation program Claris Impact. The series was released over a period of about two years, by which time Microsoft had wrapped up much of the business market on the Mac, and most of the line sold poorly. About this time Apple upper management decided that all software should be released through Claris, forcing them to take on HyperCard and the distribution of the MacOS itself. This.
Creator code - created it, in a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. Codes are limited to four characters. For example, the creator code of the HyperCard application and its associated "stacks" is WILD. This allows the application to launch and open a file whenever any of its associated files is double-clicked. Creator codes are not readily accessible for users to manipulate, although they can be changed with certain software tools. See also type code..
The death of a thousand cuts - of tiny changes. It is quite common in the software industry, where many products die as their specifications are continually changes faster than the developers can implement them. Management can create similar problems by shifting priorities between products, a problem that killed HyperCard for instance..
Timeline of programming languages - SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan ( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff ) Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense 1980 C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg * 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language 1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS ( dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket ) ( dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland ) Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer ( * 1987 HyperCard -- Apple ) ( * 1987 SQL-1 ) Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall MATLAB 1988 Octave dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989.
Ward Cunningham - has been used for cataloging useful pattern languages of software development and for developing the software method of extreme programming. Cunningham states that the wiki concept came to him in the late 1980s, and he implemented it first in a HyperCard stack. He is the co-author (with Bo Leuf) of the book The Wiki Way (2001). Ward Cunningham is a founder of Cunningham & Cunningham, Inc He has also served as Director of R&D at Wyatt Software and as Principle Engineer in the Tektronix Computer Research Laboratory. Ward is well known for his contributions to the developing practice of object-oriented programming, the variation called Extreme Programming, and the communities hosted by his WikiWikiWeb. He is founder of the Hillside Group and has served as program chair of the Pattern Languages of.
Timeline of hypertext technology - TIES 1984 Cyc NoteCards 1985 Intermedia Symbolics Document Examiner (Symbolics workstations) 1987 Authorware Canon Cat ("Leap" function, interface) HyperCard 1989 Macromedia Director World Wide Web 1991 Gopher 1995 WikiWiki 1998 Everything2 XML 2001 Wikipedia.
Type code - a manner similar to file extensions in other operating systems. Codes are limited to four characters. For example, the type code for a HyperCard stack is STAK; the type code of any application program is APPL. Type codes are not readily accessible for users to manipulate, although they can be changed with certain software tools. See also creator code..
Revolution (Multimedia software) - Revolution is a multimedia authoring software in the tradition of Hypercard. The stacks produced with it run on Macintosh, Windows and Unix systems including Linux. It is compatible with Hypercard in the sense that it can read Hypercard stacks. It includes a scripting language called Transcript which is a superset of the scripting language of Hypercard Hypertalk. The basic version is free. Even if the number of lines in scripts is limited it allows to build fairly complex applications. Revolution is an environment where non-programmers feel at ease and programmers feel not too uncomfortable. http://www.runrev.com Web site http://wiki.macitworks.com/revdocs (wiki).
Macintosh Plus - System, which was used on 400K disks, in which all files were stored on the root of the disk, and the folders that the user saw were an illusion maintained at great expense by the Finder.) For programmers, the fourth Inside Macintosh volume detailed how to utilize the Mac Plus's new System software. An all-in-one unit, the Plus had a one-bit, 9" black & white display with a resolution of 72-dpi, which was identical to that of previous Macintosh models. Unlike that of earlier Macs, the Mac Plus's keyboard included a numeric keypad, and, as with previous Macs, it had a one-button mouse and no fan, making it extremely quiet in operation. The applications MacPaint, MacWrite and HyperCard were bundled with the Mac Plus. Third-party software applications available included MacDraw, Microsoft.
List of programmers - List of computer scientists A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Clifford Adams - author of the UseModWiki wiki software Eric Allman - sendmail, syslog Bill Atkinson - QuickDraw, HyperCard B Donald Becker - Linux Ethernet drivers, Beowulf clustering Sir Tim Berners-Lee - inventor of the World Wide Web Brian Behlendorf - Apache Daniel J. Bernstein - djbdns Dan Bricklin - co-creator of VisiCalc, the first personal spreadsheet program C Steve Capps - co-creator of Macintosh and Newton John Carmack - first person shooters Doom, Quake Steve Chamberlain - BFD, Cygwin Brian Collins - a developer of Feejt Patrick Collison - author of Isaac Alan Cox - a developer of the.
