IBM 7030 - IBM 7030 The IBM 7030, also known as Stretch, was IBM's first attempt at building a supercomputer. The first 7030 was delivered to Los Alamos in 1961. Originally priced at $13.5 million, its failure to meet its aggressive performance estimates forced the price to be dropped to only $7.78 million and its withdrawal from sales to customers beyond those having already negotiated contracts. Even though the 7030 was much slower than expected, the 7030 was the fastest computer in the world from 1961 until 1964! Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Development History 2 Customer Deliveries 3 External Links Development History In May, 1955 IBM lost a bid on a high-performance decimal computer system for the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California. Univac, the dominant.
IBM 7950 - IBM 7950 The IBM 7950, also known as Harvest, was a one of a kind data processing system that IBM built for the NSA. It consisted of an IBM 7030 Stretch computer and the following special peripherials: IBM 7951 - Stream coprocessor IBM 7952 - High performance core storage IBM 7955 - Magnetic tape system also known as Tractor IBM 7959 - High speed I/O exchange.
List of IBM products - List of IBM products Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Keypunches and Verifiers 2 Unit Record Equipment 3 Calculating Devices 4 Computer hardware 4.1 Peripherals 4.2 Tubes (1950s) 4.3 Transistors (1960s) 4.4 Integrated Circuits (1964 to present) 5 Typewriters 6 Software Keypunches and Verifiers IBM 1 - Mechanical punch IBM 11 - Electric punch IBM 15 - Motorized punch IBM 16 - Motorized duplicating punch IBM 24 - Electronic (tube) punch non-printing IBM 26 - Electronic (tube) punch printing, BCD zone codes IBM 29 - Transistorized punch printing, EBCDIC zone codes IBM 51 - Mechanical verifier IBM 52 - Motorized verifier IBM 56 - Verifier IBM 59 - Verifier IBM 129 - Integrated circuits punch printing IBM 524 - Electronic (tube) verifier IBM 526 - Electronic (tube) summary.
Gene Amdahl - computer scientist, chiefly known for his work on mainframes at IBM and others. Born in Flandreau, South Dakota. After serving in the Navy during WW II he completed a degree in engineering physics at South Dakota State University. He went on to study theoretical physics at the University of Wisconsin and completed his doctorate there in 1952, creating his first computer, WISC. He went straight from Wisconsin to a well paid position at IBM. At IBM he worked on the IBM 704, the IBM 709, and then the Stretch project, the basis for the IBM 7030. He left IBM in 1956 but returned in 1960. On his return he worked on the System/360 architecture and became an IBM fellow (1965) and head of the ACS Laboratory in Menlo Park, California. He.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - program. The first two facilities were a building to house the latest electronic computer, a Univac, and a technology building with a large central bay for lifting heavy equipment. The focus of the Lab in the early days was on national needs and technical opportunities. Experts in chemistry, physics, and engineering had a common understanding of the Laboratory's mission, and developed new technologies on their own. But along with this went the team effort to understand a problem and to work it out together. The early laboratory possessed a UNIVAC I. Over the years other computers were installed, including: two IBM 701s, four IBM 704s, four IBM 709s, four IBM 7090s, the Univac LARC, five IBM 7094s, an IBM 7030 (Stretch), a CDC 1604, two CDC 3600s, four CDC 6600s, five.
List of major flops - Flops Aviation Flops These are aircraft which were technically sound, but failed in the marketplace. For aircraft which failed to work at all see 'Flops in science and engineering'. The Convair CV-880 and CV-990 - these aircraft were commercial disasters as they only offered five-abreast seating, and were easily outcompeted on price by the Boeing 720 which was based on an existing aircraft type. Supersonic transports: Boeing 2707, Tupolev Tu-144, arguably Concorde The Dassault Aviation Mercure - this aircraft had extremely limited range and as a result only ten were built for the French domestic airline Air Inter The Northrop F-20 Tigershark - this fighter aircraft was designed as a private venture for export, but failed utterly as foreign air forces wanted the more prestigious F-16 Fighting Falcon used by the.
IBM - IBM The IBM Logo International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) is headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software and services. With its 316,000 employees worldwide and revenues of $81 billion (figures from 2002), it is the largest information technology company in the world, and one of the few with a continuous history spanning the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. It has consultants in over 160 countries, development labs located all over the world, and eight research labs located throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with half of those researchers based outside of the United States. It has a major presence in virtually every segment of information technology, from mainframe computers (where it has had market dominance for decades).
IBM mainframe - IBM mainframe In the early years (1950-1965) IBM made many models of mainframes, many of which were incompatible with each other. It had two main lines of models: one for commercial or data processing use, and another one for engineering and scientific use. The two lines were largely incompatible. This all changed with the introduction of the System/360 in April of 1964. The System/360 was a single series of models, compatible with one another, for both commercial and scientific use. The System/360 later evolved into the System/370, the System/390 and most recently the zSeries. System/360 (the "all-around computer system") incorporated into a single architecture features which had previously been present on only the commercial (decimal arithmetic, for example, or byte addressing) or the technical (floating point.
IBM minicomputers - IBM minicomputers IBM has made several models of minicomputers over the years: the System 34, System 36, System 38, and finally AS/400 (recently rechristened the iSeries). They have also made some more minor models (details?). (Mention the failed project before release of AS/400?). See also: IBM mainframes, List of IBM products.
IBM PC - IBM PC The IBM PC (Personal Computer) is a trade mark of IBM. Due to the success of the IBM PC, the generic term Personal Computer became common for all microcomputers compatible with IBM's specification (see IBM PC compatible). The term is sometimes extended to mean all microcomputers. For a discussion of generic "Personal Computers", see personal computer. For details of the first generation of microcomputers that largely died out with the Personal Computer revolution, see home computers. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The IBM PC Concept 2 Commercial Success 3 IBM PC Models 4 Technology 4..1 Electronics 4..2 Keyboard 4..3 Character set 4..4 Storage media 4.1 Software 5 IBM PC and PS/2 models 6 See also 7.
IBM 3270 - IBM 3270 The IBM 3270 is a class of terminals made by IBM (known as "Display Devices") normally used to talk to IBM mainframes. The 3270 attempts to minimise the number of I/O interrupts required by accepting large blocks of data, known as datastreams, in which both text and control (or formatting functions) are interspersed allowing an entire screen to be "painted" as a single output operation. The concept of "formatting" in these devices allows the screen to be divided into clusters of contiguous character cells for which numerous attributes (colour, highlighting, character set, protection from modification) can be set. Further, using a technique known as 'Read Modified' the changes from any number of formatted fields that have been modified can be read as a single.
IBM PC keyboard - IBM PC keyboard Keyboards for the IBM PC are standardized. However during the 20 years of the PC architecture being constantly updated as well several types of keyboards have been developed. They all utilise the QWERTY layout. 83-Key PC/XT Keyboard Layout 84-Key AT Keyboard Layout 101-Key "Enhanced" Keyboard Layout - additional navigation and control keys 102-Key "Enhanced" Keyboard Layouts - additional key to the left to the key) 104-Key "Windows" Keyboard Layout - Windows and menu key added 107-Key "Enhanced" Keyboard Layout - Wake, Sleep, and Power keys added (for power management) There are three types of connectors used to connect the keyboards the main unit The first two are: 5-pin DIN (DIN 41524, "AT") connector 6-pin "mini-DIN" (DIN 45322, "PS/2") connector. They are physically different.
IBM PC compatible - IBM PC compatible IBM PC compatible refers to a class of computers which make up the vast majority of smaller computers (microcomputers) on the market today. They are based (without IBM's participation) on the original IBM PC. They use the Intel x86 architecture and are capable of using interchangable commodity hardware. The origins of this platform came with the decision by IBM in 1981 to market a personal computer as quickly as possible in response to Apple Computer's rapid success (50% marketshare) in the burgeoning PC market. In licensing an operating system from Microsoft, IBM's agreements allowed Microsoft to sell MSDOS for non-IBM platforms (the IBM version was called PC-DOS). Also, in creating the platform, IBM used only one proprietary component: the BIOS. Columbia produced the.
IBM Selectric typewriter - IBM Selectric typewriter The IBM Selectric typewriter (occasionally known as the IBM Golfball typewriter) is the electric typewriter design that brought the typewriter into the electronic age. Selectric I Selectric II Instead of typebars it had a pivoting typeball that could be changed to use different fonts in the same document. The ability to change fonts, combined with the neat regular appearance of the typed page, was revolutionary and marked the beginning of desktop publishing. Later models with selective pitch and built-in correcting tape carried the trend even further. Any typist could produce a polished manuscript. Due to their speed (14.8 characters/sec), immunity to clashing typebars, and reliability, Selectric models were also widely used as terminals for computers, replacing Teletypes. The machine had a key lockout.
IBM POWER - IBM POWER POWER is a RISC CPU architecture designed at IBM. The name, arguably, stands for Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC. POWER series CPUs are used as the main CPU in many of IBM's servers, minicomputers, workstations, and supercomputers. The POWER architecture was used to develop (and remains very similar to) the PowerPC architecture, used in all Apple Macintosh computers, some IBM workstations, as well as a number of embedded applications. The POWER design is descended directly from the earlier IBM 801 CPU, widely considered to be the first true RISC chip design. It was used in a number of applications inside IBM hardware, but did not become public until they released the poorly-performing IBM PC/RT in the mid-1980s. At about the same time the PC/RT.
IBM 801 - IBM 801 The 801 was a RISC CPU architechture designed at IBM in the 1970's, and used in various roles in IBM until the 1980's. The 801 started as a pure research project led by John Cocke at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in building 801. They were looking for ways to improve performance of their existing machines, studying traces of programs running on IBM 370 mainframes and looking at the compiler code. From this project led the idea that it was possible to make a very small and very fast core, which could then be used to implement the microcode for any machine. The project then moved on to produce the design as a CPU, also called the 801. The resulting CPU was produced.
IBM 3720 - IBM 3720 The IBM 3720 was a communications controller made by IBM, suitable for use in an IBM System 390. Official service support was withdrawn in 1999 in favour of the IBM 3745. External Link Do You Use a 3705, 3720, 3725? Based on material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
IBM 704 - IBM 704 The IBM 704, the first mass-produced computer with floating point arithmetic hardware, was introduced by IBM in April, 1956. The 704 was an improved version of the IBM 701. Changes from the 701 included the use of magnetic core memory and addition of three index registers. To support these new features, the instructions were expanded to use the full 36 bit word. The new instruction set became the base for the later members of the IBM 700/7000 series. To quote the IBM 704 Manual of operation (see external link below): The type 704 Electronic Data-Processing Machine is a large-scale, high-speed electronic calculator controlled by an internally stored program of the single address type. IBM stated that the device was capable of executing up to.
IBM 1620 - IBM 1620 The IBM 1620 was introduced by IBM in 1959 and marketed as an inexpensive "Scientific Computer". Modified versions of the 1620 were used as the CPU of the IBM 1710 and IBM 1720 Industrial Process Control Systems. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The 1620's Architecture 1.1 Hardware 2 Development History 2.2 Implementation "Levels" of the IBM 1620 2.3 Patents 3.
IBM 1401 - IBM 1401 The IBM 1401 was a variable "word" length decimal computer that was introduced by IBM in 1959 and marketed as an inexpensive "Business Computer". Although described as a (BCD) computer, each byte in the 1401 was represented by six bits, called A, B, 8, 4, 2 and 1. The A and B bits were called zone bits and the 8, 4, 2 and 1 bits were called numeral or BCD bits. Associated with each six-bit byte were two other bits, called W for wordmark and P for parity. An IBM 1401 memory address consisted of three six-bit bytes. The decimal address within a 1000-byte page was specified by the BCD bits of the address. Addresses that did not contain valid BCD codes in these.
