Ido - Ido Ido is a "reformed" version of the constructed language Esperanto. It was developed in the early 1900s, and still has a small following today, primarily in Europe. Ido inherits many of the same grammatical features of Esperanto, and in many cases the vocabulary is similar. Ido shares with Esperanto the goals of grammatical simplicity and consistency, ease of learning, and the use of loanwords from various European languages. The two languages, to a great extent, are mutually intelligible. However, certain changes were introduced to address some of the concerns that had arisen about Esperanto. These include: Esperanto's alphabet uses six non-Latin letters, three of which are not found in any other existing language; as a result, Esperanto in typing and in internet e-mail and newsgroups.
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht - Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (population: 21,426 in 2002) is a village in the western Netherlands. It is located in the Dutch province of South Holland, on the island of IJsselmonde, and borders with Zwijndrecht, Ridderkerk, and the Noord River. The jurisdiction of its municipality covers an area of 12.00 km². It comprises no other villages, but it does comprise a piece of freeway with a crossing with entries, exits, parking places and restaurants, and also the west part of the Sophia Rail Tunnel in the Betuwe Route. External Links Official website (however, the area statistics "oppervlakte in km: 211,99" apparently must be "in km²: 11,99") Map of the Village Sophia Rail Tunnel in the Betuwe Route: [1], [1].
IJsselmonde - former village of IJsselmonde, once a separate community. The island was once a rich agricultural region, but is mostly suburbia today. IJsselmonde consists of the following municipalities: Albrandswaard Barendrecht Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht Ridderkerk Rotterdam (southern part) Zwijndrecht IJsselmonde is separated: from the mainland on the north by the Nieuwe Maas from Voorne-Putten on the west by the Oude Maas from Hoekse Waard on the south by the Oude Maas from Dordrecht island on the southeast by the Oude Maas from the Alblasserwaard mainland on the east by the Noord river For the connections, see these waterways..
International auxiliary language - the people of the world, rather than replace their native languages. Often, the phrase is used to refer to constructed languages proposed specifically to ease worldwide international communication, such as Esperanto, Ido, Interlingua, Volapük, and others. However, it can also refer to the concept of such a language being determined by international consensus, including even a natural language so chosen. Invented auxiliary languages are not widely used, nor have natural languages such as English and French penetrated universally, as some people imagine. Moreover, advocates of various languages disagree about which language should be universal. To overcome these difficulties, it has been proposed that some language (natural or invented) be chosen by consensus of officials elected by the nations of the world, in consultation with experts of various disciplines. There would be.
ISO 639 - got Gothic grb Grebo grc Greek, Ancient (to 1453) gre/ell el Greek, Modern (1453 -) kal kl Greenlandic grn gn Guarani guj gu Gujarati H hai Haida hat ht Haitian; Haitian Creole hau ha Hausa haw Hawaiian heb he Hebrew her hz Herero hil Hiligaynon him Himachali hin hi Hindi hmo ho Hiri Motu hun hu Hungarian hup Hupa I iba Iban ice/isl is Icelandic ido io Ido ibo ig Igbo ijo Ijo ilo Iloko inc Indic languages (Other) ine Indo-European languages (Other) ind id Indonesian inh Ingush ina ia Interlingua (International Auxiliary language Association) ine ie Interlingue iku iu Inuktitut ipk ik Inupiak ira Iranian (Other) gle ga Irish sga Irish, Old (to 900) mga Irish, Middle (900 - 1200) iro Iroquoian languages ita it Italian J jpn ja Japanese.
Esperanto - when they realize they are incapable of overcoming the last hurdle, and give up too soon, blaming Zamenhof's ill-formed creation, or simply feeling stupid. Esperanto is a good tool to identify the real difficulties in speaking a foreign language; those difficulties would apply to any language. RE: Esperanto contains six letters not included in any standard European character set. This problem can be remedied through the use of the Unicode character set. Zamenhof recommended the use of the digraphs "ch","gh", "hh", "jh", "sh" and "u". Esperantists have also developed a system of using the letter "x" to signify these special characters; this system is called the X-System. Also, this tends to mainly be a criticism among English speakers using the ASCII character set. RE: Esperanto uses sexist suffixes by adding -in.
Alternate words for American - Other words that have been suggested for the same purpose are Columbian, Columbard, Fredonian, Frede, Unisian, United Statesian, Colonican, Appalacian, Washingtonian, Usonian ("Usonian" is an adaptation from Esperanto, apparently coined by Zamenhof), Uessian, U-S-ian, and Uesican (in approximately historical order from 1789 to 1939, according to Merriam Webster's Dictionary of English Usage). Other examples observed in the field: United States American US American USAian USAn or USan but not usually "Usan" Usanian It should be noted that several of these terms have direct parallels in languages other than English: United Statesian directly parallels Spanish estadounidense and French Étatsunien. Usonian is derived from Usono, the name in Esperanto of the USA. Frank Lloyd Wright used it to describe one style of his architecture. Usanian is derived from the Ido word Usana. In.
Aozora Bunko: I - Ichou no mi by Kenji Miyazawa (August 27,1896 - September 21,1933) Ido no soko ni hokori no tamatta hanashi by Yoshiki Hayama (March 12,1894 - October 18,1945) Ie (bottom) (House 2/2) by Toson Shimazaki (March 25,1872 - August 22,1943) Ie (top) (House 1/2) by Toson Shimazaki (March 25,1872 - August 22,1943) Ie no meguri by Bokusui Wakayama (August 24,1885 - September 17,1928) Igozakkou (Sightseeing in Brtain) by Rohan Koda (July 23,1867 - July 30,1947) Iitaikoto to iwanebanaranaikototo (What I want to say and what I need to say) by Yuyu Kiryu (May 20,1873 - September 10,1941) Ikaho miyage by Toson Shimazaki (March 25,1872 - August 22,1943) Iki nokouzou (Iki's structure) by Shuzo Kuki (February 15,1888 - May 6,1941) Ikiteiruharawata by Juza Unno (December 26,1897 - May 17,1949) Imo (Potates) by Toshiro.
Betuweroute - the south side of Leerdam it passes on the north side of Tiel From the south side of Elst it goes straight to Zevenaar. Municipalities Municipalities it passes: Alblasserdam Barendrecht Bemmel Buren Duiven Geldermalsen Giessenlanden Gorinchem Graafstroom Hardinxveld-Giessendam Heerjansdam Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht Kesteren Lingewaal Neerijnen Nijmegen Overbetuwe Papendrecht Rijnwaarden Rotterdam Sliedrecht Tiel Zevenaar Zwijndrecht.
Common phrases in different languages - 7 Catalan (Romance) 8 Chinese, Mandarin (Chinese) 9 Czech (Slavic) 10 Danish (Germanic) 11 Dutch (Germanic) 12 Ekspreso (planned, based on European languages) 13 Esperanto (planned, based on European languages) 14 Estonian (Finno-Ugric) 15 Finnish (Finno-Ugric) 16 French (Romance) 17 German (Germanic) 18 Greek 19 Hawaiian (Malayo-Polynesian) 20 Hebrew (Semitic) 21 Hindi (Indo-Iranian) 22 Hungarian (Finno-Ugric) 23 Icelandic (Germanic) 24 Ido (planned, reformed version of Esperanto) 25 Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian) 26 Interlingua (Anglo-romance, planned, based on European languages) 27 Irish (Celtic) 28 Italian (Romance) 29 Japanese 30 Klingon (Fictional from the Star Trek series) 31 Korean 32 Latin (Italic) 33 Low Saxon (Germanic) 34 Lojban (a priori planned language) 35 Maori (Austronesian) 36 Marathi (Indian languages) 37 Nigerian pidgin (English-based pidgin) 38 Norwegian (Germanic) 39 Pennsylvania German, Pennsylvania Dutch (Germanic) 40 Polish.
TLAs from IAA to LZZ - ICE ICF ICG ICH ICI ICJ ICK ICL ICM ICN ICO ICP ICQ ICR ICS ICT ICU ICV ICW ICX ICY ICZ IDA IDB IDC IDD IDE IDF IDG IDH IDI IDJ IDK IDL IDM IDN IDO IDP IDQ IDR IDS IDT IDU IDV IDW IDX IDY IDZ IEA IEB IEC IED IEE IEF IEG IEH IEI IEJ IEK IEL IEM IEN IEO IEP IEQ IER IES IET IEU IEV IEW IEX IEY IEZ IFA IFB IFC IFD IFE IFF IFG IFH IFI IFJ IFK IFL IFM IFN IFO IFP IFQ IFR IFS IFT IFU IFV IFW IFX IFY IFZ IGA IGB IGC IGD IGE IGF IGG IGH IGI IGJ IGK IGL IGM IGN IGO IGP IGQ IGR IGS IGT IGU IGV IGW IGX IGY IGZ IHA IHB IHC IHD IHE.
Schematic planned language - seems to be born out by experience, is that this will make the language easier to learn to use actively than are any of the ethnic languages, or even the naturalistic planned languages. The best known examples of this type of language are Volapük, Esperanto and Ido..
Romance languages - between Sardinian and the rest. Then of the rest, the next split was between Romanian in the east, and the others in the west. The third major split was between Italian and the Gallo-Iberian group. This latter then split into a Gallic group, which became French, Occitan, and Rumansh, and an Iberian group which became Spanish, Catalan, and Portuguese. Catalan is considered by many specialists as a transition language between the Gallic group and the Iberian group, since it shares characteristics from both groups (just for an example, among many others: 'fear' is 'medo' in Portuguese, 'miedo' in Spanish, but 'por' in Catalan - compare with 'peur' in French). See also Iberian Romance Languages. The most spoken Romance language is the Spanish language (Castellano or Español), followed by Portuguese, French and.
Occidental - into derived nouns and adjectives. The result is a language relatively easy to understand at first sight for individuals acquainted with several Western European languages. Coupled with a simplified grammar, this made Occidental moderately popular in Europe during the decade and a half before World War II, and it is believed that it was at its height the fourth most popular planned language, after Esperanto, Volapük and perhaps Ido, though its intentional emphasis on European forms coupled with a somewhat Eurocentric philosophy espoused by several of its leading lights hindered its spread elsewhere. Occidental survived World War II, undergoing a name change to Interlingue, but gradually faded into insignificance following the appearance of a competing naturalistic project Interlingua in the early 1950s..
Otto Jespersen - Paul Passy, he was a founder of the International Phonetic Association. He was an vocal supporter and active developer of artificial international languages such as Esperanto. He was also involved in the delegation that created the artificial language Ido and later developed the Novial language, which he considered an improvement. He was most widely recognized for some of his books. His Modern English Grammar concentrated on morphology and syntax. His Growth and Structure of the English Language is a comprehensive view of English by someone with another native language, and still in print, over 50 years after his death and nearly 100 years after publication. More than once Otto Jespersen was invited to the U.S. as a guest lecturer, and he took occasion to study the country's educational system. His autobiography.
Novial language - by Otto Jespersen, a Danish linguist who had previously been involved in the Ido movement. He devised Novial to be an international auxiliary language, which would facilitate international communication and friendship, without displacing anyone's native language. It features a vocabulary based largely on the Germanic and Romance languages, and a grammar heavily influenced by English. The first introduction of Novial was in Jespersen's book An International Language in 1928, with an update in his dictionary, Novial Lexike, published two years later. Further modifications were proposed in the 1930s, but with Jespersen's death in 1943, it became dormant, although in the 1990s, with the revival of interest in artificial language brought on by Internet, many people rediscovered Novial. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Novial Today 2 Novial Compared to Esperanto and Ido.
Late Tokugawa shogunate - Takasugi Shinsaku Yoshida Shoin Katsura Kogoro Nomura Motoni (alas, below are not so well-known) Hayashi Daigaku no kami (Lord Rector, Confucianist) Ido Tsushima no kami (Gov. of Yedo, former Gov. of Nagasaki) Izawa Mimasaka no kami (Gov. of Uraga, former Gov of Nagasaki).
Lingua franca - past Koine Greek, Latin and French served as a lingua franca in the Western-dominated world. In some regions of the world, there are other languages that perform this function; for example, Swahili in Eastern Africa, Hindi in most of India, Bislama in the Pacific Islands, and various other Pidgin languages in other locations, and times. Esperanto and Ido are constructed languages that some people propose as a replacement for English as the global lingua franca. Their supporters argue that a lingua franca should be as simple as possible, while still being highly expressive. They claim that English and other natural languages, being ethnically derived, are not suitable for a common language, since each ethnic language contains caveats and idiosyncracies that hamper their ability to be learned, and since ethnic languages confer.
List of languages - English (Germanic) Esperanto (constructed, based on European languages) Estonian (Finno-Ugric) Etruscan F Faeroese Farsi Flemish Filipino Finnish / Suomi (Finno-Ugric) French Créole French / Français (Romance) Frisian Fulania G Gaelic Galician Gayo Ge'ez Georgian German / Deutsch (Germanic) Greek Guaraginga Guarani H Haitian creole Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew (Semitic) Hindi (Indo-Iranian) Hittite (Anatolian) Hopi Hungarian (Finno-Ugric) Hutterite German I Icelandic (Germanic) Ido (constructed, reformed version of Esperanto) Igbo Illyrian Ilocano Iloko (Malayo-Polynesian) Ilonggo (Malayo-Polynesian) Interlingua (constructed, based on European languages) Inupiak Istro-Romanian (Romance) Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian) Irish (Irish Gaelic) (Celtic) Irkut Italian / Italiano (Romance) J Japanese / 日本語 Javanese Judaeo-Spanish K Kabyle Kankonian Kannada Kaonda Kashubian Kawi Kazakh Khmer Kinyarwanda Kiswahili Klingon (constructed) Korean / 한국어 Korowai Kurdish Kyrgyz L Láadan Ladin Lakhota Lao Latin / Latina Latvian (Baltic) Lenni Lenape Lithuanian.
