Independent Agencies of the United States Government - Independent Agencies of the United States Government The executive departments are the major operating units of the federal government, but many other agencies have important responsibilities for keeping the government and the economy working smoothly. These are often called independent agencies, since they are not part of the executive departments. The nature and purpose of these agencies vary widely. Some are regulatory groups with powers to supervise certain sectors of the economy. Others provide special services either to the government or to the people. In most cases, the agencies have been created by Congress to deal with matters that have become too complex for the scope of ordinary legislation. In 1970, for example, Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency to coordinate governmental action to protect the.
Government of the United States - Government of the United States This article is about the national government of the United States. For information about the state and local governments, see: Politics of the United States and the individual state entries. The government of the United States, established by the Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states. The national government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The head of the executive branch is the President of the United States of America. The legislative branch consists of the United States Congress, while the Supreme Court of the United States is the head of the judicial branch. The legal system of the United States is based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations..
History of the United States National Security Council 1961-1963 - History of the United States National Security Council 1961-1963 History of the United States National Security Council Kennedy Administration, 1961-1963 President Kennedy, who was strongly influenced by the report of the Jackson Subcommittee and its severe critique of the Eisenhower NSC system, moved quickly at the beginning of his administration to deconstruct the NSC process and simplify the foreign policy-making process and make it more intimate. In a very short period after taking office, the new President moved to reduce the NSC staff from 74 to 49, limit the substantive officers to 12, and hold NSC meetings much less frequently while sharply curtailing the number of officers attending. The Operation Coordination Board was abolished, and the NSC was, at the President's insistence, pulled back from monitoring the.
History of the United States National Security Council 1953-1961 - History of the United States National Security Council 1953-1961 History of the United States National Security Council Eisenhower Administration, 1953-1961 Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military, international, and internal security affairs. Where Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean war, Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review. With his military background, Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work, and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward agreed recommendations. The genesis of the new NSC system was.
History of the United States (1945-1964) - History of the United States (1945-1964) This article is part of the History of the United States series. Colonial America History of the United States (1776-1865) The coming of the Civil War The Civil War History of the United States (1865-1918) History of the United States (1918-1945) History of the United States (1945-1964) History of the United States (1964-1980) History of the United States (1980-present) Demographic history of the United States Military history of the United States Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The breakdown of postwar peace 1.1 Introduction: 1.2 The origins of the Cold War 1.3 Two visions of the world 1.4 The collapse of postwar peace 1.5 Containment and the escalation of the Cold War 1.6 The Korean War 2 The "Affluent Society" and the.
United States Department of Labor - United States Department of Labor Dept. of Labor Established: March 4, 1913 Activated: March 5, 1913 Secretary: Elaine L. Chao Deputy Secretary: D. Cameron Findlay Budget: $70.7 billion (2003) Employees: 17,274 (2003) The United States Department of Labor is a Cabinet department of the United States government responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, unemployment insurance benefits, re-employment services, and some economic statistics. Many U.S. states also have such departments. The department is headed by the United States Secretary of Labor. President William Howard Taft signed The Organic Act of the Department of Labor establishing the Department of Labor on March 4, 1913, his last day in office. He was reluctant to create the new department because he felt that the existing Cabinet departments needed.
United States Department of Health and Human Services - United States Department of Health and Human Services Dept. of Health and Human Services Established: October 17, 1979 Activated: May 4, 1980 Secretary: Tommy Thompson Deputy Secretary: Claude A. Allen Budget: $502.0 billion (2003) Employees: 65,000 (2003) The United States Department of Health and Human Services, often abbreviated HHS, is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. The Secretary of the Health and Human Services is appointed by the President of the United States. States' agencies are known as the Department of Health Services such as the CDHS, California Department of Health Services. The department was created when President Jimmy Carter signed the Department of Education Organization Act (PL 96-88).
United States Department of Energy - United States Department of Energy Dept. of Energy Established: August 4, 1977 Activated: October 1, 1977 Secretary: Spencer Abraham Deputy Secretary: Kyle E. McSlarrow Budget: $19.8 billion (2003) Employees: 16,000 federal 100,000 contractors (2003) The United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. Its purview includes the nation's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy conservation, energy-related research, radioactive waste disposal, and domestic energy production. Many federal agencies have been established to handle various aspects of U.S. energy policy, dating back to the creation of the Manhattan Project and the subsequent Atomic Energy Commission. The impetus for putting them all under the auspices of a single department was.
Taxation in the United States - Taxation in the United States This article is a brief overview of some aspects of US taxes. Overview Taxation in the United States may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: local government (possibly including municipal, township, district and county governments), state government, and the federal government. Local government is financed by property taxes and fees and sometimes income tax. State government is financed mainly by a mix of sales and/or income taxes. The federal government is financed primarily by income taxes. Income and Related Taxes Federal Income Tax As of June 2001, the income tax forms the bulk of taxes collected by the U.S. government. Depending on individual income, it ranges from nothing to 35% of one's income. The income tax is called.
Politics of the United States - Politics of the United States The Federal Government of the United States was established by the United States Constitution. United States politics is dominated by the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are several other groups or parties of minor political significance. Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 years of age and older. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Federal, state and local governments 1.1 State government 1.2 City government 1.3 County government 1.4 Town and village government 1.5 Other local governments 2 Political parties 3 Political pressure groups 4 International organizations 5 See Also 6 External Links Federal, state and local governments The federal entity created by the Constitution is the dominant feature of the American governmental system. But the system itself.
List of U.S. federal agencies - List of U.S. federal agencies This is a list of federal agencies, part of the executive branch of the United States government. ABMC - American Battle Monuments Commission ACHP - Advisory Council on Historic Preservation AFDC - Aid to Families with Dependent Children ARC - Appalachian Regional Commission BEP - Bureau of Engraving and Printing USCCR - Commission on Civil Rights CBO - Congressional Budget Office CEA - Council of Economic Advisor CEQ - Council on Environmental Quality CFTC - Commodity Futures Trading Commission CIA - Central Intelligence Agency CPSC - Consumer Product Safety Commission CRC - Civil Rights Commission DIA - Defense Intelligence Agency DOD - Department of Defense DOE - Department of Energy DOT - Department of Transportation EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EPA -.
Judiciary of Germany - extensive responsibilities reflect the importance of the rule of law in the German system of government. A core concept is that of the Rechtsstaat , a government based on law, in which citizens are guaranteed equality and in which government decisions can be amended. Federal law delineates the structure of the judiciary, but the administration of most courts is regulated by Land law. The Länder are responsible for the lower levels of the court system; the highest appellate courts alone operate at the federal level. This federal-Land division of labor allows the federation to ensure that laws are enforced equally throughout the country, whereas the central role of the Länder in administering the courts safeguards the independence of the judicial system from the federal government. Principles of Roman law form the.
Irish Houses of Parliament - their entrance marked by a different look to the entrance of the commoners who used Ionic columns. Over the entrance, three statues were placed, representing Fortitude, Justice and Liberty. A curved wall joined the Pearce entrance to Gandon's extension. That this curved wall did not actually mark the exterior of the building but masked the actual uneven joins of some of the extension is shown in the view at the bottom of this page. The chandelier in the Irish House of Lords The curved wall, though an instantly recognisable aspect of the building today, in fact bares little resemblance to the building as it was in its parliamentary days. Gandon's wall was built of granite, with inset alcoves. Another extension on the west side into Foster place by another architect, while.
Israeli-Palestinian conflict - armed forces 4.25 People 4.25.5 Israeli 4.25.6 Palestinian 4.25.7 Others 4.26 Related conflicts 5 External Links History In the 1880s, the Zionist movement was initiated in Europe. This movement held that the Jewish people had a right to a state of their own, and that the state should be in a part of their historic homeland, the area then known as Palestine. At that time Palestine was a part of the Ottoman Empire. Under Ottoman rule, Palestine had substantial regional independence, and Muslims, Jews and Christians inhabitated the area. In 1917 the British army took control of Palestine and Transjordan from the Ottomans. (MAP) In that year its government issued the Balfour Declaration, viewing "with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people ... it being.
Hawaii - size) State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest City Honolulu Area - Total - Land - Water - % water Ranked 43rd 28,337 km² 16,649 km² 11,672 km² 41.2% Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 42nd 1,211,537 43/km² Admittance into Union - Order - Date 50th August 21, 1959 Time zone Hawaii: UTC-10/ (no daylight savings time) Latitude Longitude 16°55'N to 23°N 154°40'W to 162°W Length Elevation -Highest -Mean -Lowest 2450 km 4,205 meters 925 meters 0 meters ISO 3166-2: US-HI Hawaii (Hawai'i in Hawaiian spelling), is an archipelago of islands (the Hawaiian Islands) in the North Pacific Ocean, constituting the most recent (50th) U.S. state. Hawaii is the only island state and the southernmost of all the U.S. states. It was admitted to.
History of Honduras - of the Lenca people) is now considered a national hero. The Spanish began founding settlements along the coast and Honduras came under the control of the Captaincy General of Guatemala. The cities of Comayagua and Tegucigalpa developed as early mining centers. Independence Honduras, along with the other Central American provinces, gained independence from Spain in 1821; it then briefly was annexed to the Mexican Empire. In 1823, Honduras joined the newly formed United Provinces of Central America. Before long, social and economic differences between Honduras and its regional neighbors exacerbated harsh partisan strife among Central American leaders and brought on the federation's collapse in 1838 - 1839. Gen. Francisco Morazán -- a Honduran national hero -- led unsuccessful efforts to maintain the federation. Restoring Central American unity remained the officially stated.
History of East Timor - Indonesian Rule 4.1 The war for independence 4.2 The role of western governments 4.3 Towards independence 5 The independent republic Pre-colonial History Portuguese Rule From the 16th century onwards, East Timor was a Portuguese colony known as Portuguese Timor. The rest of the island of Timor, and the other islands that were later to become Indonesia, were colonised by the Dutch between the 17th and 19th centuries, and were known as the Dutch East Indies. Portugal largely neglected the colony, using it mainly as a place to exile those who the government in Lisbon saw as "problems" - these included political prisoners as well as ordinary criminals. During World War II, Australian and Dutch troops occupied Portuguese Timor, to fortify it against advancing Japanese forces. This was against Portugal's wishes, and.
Uganda under Amin - of Uganda series. Uganda before 1900 Colonial Uganda Early Independent Uganda Uganda under Amin Uganda since 1979 Military Rule Under Amin By January 1971, Obote was prepared to rid himself of the potential threat posed by Amin. Departing for the Commonwealth Conference of Heads of Government at Singapore, he relayed orders to loyal Langi officers that Amin and his supporters in the army were to be arrested. Various versions emerged of the way this news was leaked to Amin; in any case, Amin decided to strike first. In the early morning hours of January 25, 1971, mechanized units loyal to him attacked strategic targets in Kampala and the airport at Entebbe, where the first shell fired by a pro-Amin tank commander killed two Roman Catholic priests in the airport waiting room..
General Services Administration - The General Services Administration is a federal agency of the United States government, established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of the ever-growing tangle of federal agencies. The GSA supplies products and communications for U.S. government offices, provides transportation and housing to federal employees, and develops governmentwide cost-minimizing policies, among other management tasks. The GSA employs around 13,000 federal workers, and has an annual operating budget around $16 billion. Embraced under the GSA are the Federal Supply Service, the Federal Technology Service, the Public Buildings Service, the Office of Governmentwide Policy, and various Staff Offices, including the Office of Small Business Utilization, the Office of Citizen Services and Communications, and the Office of Civil Rights. The National Archives was also part of the GSA, until it was.
Federal Trade Commission - of the New Deal, the Federal Securities Act was signed into law on May 27, 1933 which required the registration of securities with the FTC. See also: Federal Trade Commission Act Independent Agencies of the United States Government Brandeis Award National Do Not Call Registry.
