Independent animation - Independent animation Independent animation is a term used to describe animated short cartoons and feature films produced outside the professional Hollywood animation inudstry. Because animation is very time-consuming and expensive to produce, the vast majority of animated productions are made by professional studios. When the Hollywood animtion industry entered a decline during the 1960s (see Hollywood Animation: The TV Era), a small but steady number of independent animation producers kept the art of animation alive. They produced a number of experimental films that pushed the boundaries of the medium, experimenting in ways that Hanna-Barbera and Disney didn't dare to consider. A number of independent animation producers went on to produce mainstream animation, and they became successful in their own right. Many independent animation short films are.
Hollywood Animation: The TV Era - Hollywood Animation: The TV Era This article is part of the History of Animation series. Animation Before Hollywood: The Silent Period Hollywood Animation: The Golden Age Hollywood Animation: The TV Era Hollywood Animation: The Renaissance Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The 1950s to the 1980s 1.1 Cartoons on TV 1.2 The Decline of Animation 1.3 Commercialization and counterculture 2 Historic Cartoons of the TV Era The 1950s to the 1980s The quality of animation from the major Hollywood studios began to decline in the 1950s, though this decline was gradual. Both the Warner Bros and MGM cartoon studios were at the peak of their creativity at the beginning of the decade. The Hollywood cartoon studios gradually moved away from the lush, realistic detail of the 1940s to.
Hollywood Animation: The Renaissance - Hollywood Animation: The Renaissance This article is part of the History of Animation series. Animation Before Hollywood: The Silent Period Hollywood Animation: The Golden Age Hollywood Animation: The TV Era Hollywood Animation: The Renaissance Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 1988 to present 1.1 The Return of Disney 1.2 Spielberg and Warner Bros. 1.3 Animation for Adults 1.4 The Decline of Saturday Morning 1.5 The rise of computer animation 1.6 Animation accolades 1988 to present The Return of Disney By the mid-1980s, the American animation industry had sunk to a decrepit state. Toy commercials masquerading as entertainment dominated the afternoon cartoon shows and Saturday morning cartoons, with the only experimentation and development in animation taking place in small, independent animated cartoons. Animated feature films still appeared occasionally in.
Animation - Animation Illustration: This animation moves at 10 frames per second. Illustration: This animation moves at 2 frames per second. At this rate, the individual frames should be discernable. Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer.
Computer animation - Computer animation Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. Increasingly it is created by means of 3D computer graphics, though 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, sometimes the target is another medium, such as film. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer screen then quickly replaced by a new image that is similar to the previous image, but shifted slightly. This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 A Simple Example 2 Explanation 3 Technical Details 4 Detailed Examples and.
J. Stuart Blackton - Silent Era, the founder of Vitagraph Studios and among the first filmmakers to use the techniques of stop-motion and drawn animation. Blackton was born in Sheffield, England, in 1875. At the age of ten, he and his family emigrated to New York City. In 1894, Blackton and two fellow English émigrés, Albert E. Smith and Ronald A. Reader, formed a partnership to break into vaudeville. Smith called himself the "Komikal Konjurer", Blackton was the "Komikal Kartoonist", and Reader operated an early version of the slide projector called a "magic lantern". Blackton's act consisted of "lightning sketches", where Blackton drew and rapidly modified drawings on an easel pad before the audience's eyes, accompanying this with a stream of talk nearly as rapid. The act failed to make enough money and the trio.
General features of Aegean civilization - each containing little more than one great residence, and dominating lower towns of meaner houses, point to monarchy at all periods. Independent local developments of art before the middle of the 2nd millennium BC suggest the early existence of independent units in various parts, of which the strongest was the Cnossian. After that date the evidence goes strongly to show that one political dominion was spread for a brief period, or for two brief periods, over almost all the area (see later). The great number of tribute-tallies found at Cnossus perhaps indicates that the Centre of power was always there. (2) Religion.--The fact that shrines have so far been found within palaces and not certainly anywhere else indicates that the kings kept religious power in their own hands; perhaps they were.
United Productions of America - of America The legacy of the United Productions of America animation studio, better known as UPA, has largely been forgotten in the wake of the animation renaissance of the 1990s; it has been overshadowed by the commercialization of Warner Bros' and Disney's vast cartoon libraries. But the effect of UPA upon the medium of animation was as ground-breaking as that of Walt Disney. UPA pioneered the technique of limited animation, and though this style of animation was widely abused during the 1960s and 1970s, it was originally founded on an artistic vision of animation as a form of art. UPA was founded in the wake of the Disney animators' strike of 1941, which resulted in a number of long-time employees of Walt Disney leaving the venerable studio for greener pastures. One.
Furry fandom - (see furry for more details). It originated as a fusion of science fiction, comic book, and animation fandom during the 1980s. It has thrived and grown, evolving into its own branch of fandom and finding adherents all over the world -- enough that they may be regarded as forming a subculture. Furry fandom has a large presence on the Internet, and many furry conventions in North America and Europe are held every year, the largest being Anthrocon in Philadelphia in July. Furry fans, sometimes referred to as furries or furs for short, are eager for more material than is available from mainstream publishers. The demand is filled by fellow fans -- amateur artists, writers and publishers who produce drawings, paintings, stories, independent comic books, fanzines, Web sites and even small press.
Duck Amuck - appearance, and even shape. Its creator Chuck Jones claims that this film demonstrates for the first time that animation can create characters with a recognizable personality, independent of their appearance, milieu, or voice. Although in the end, the sadistic animator is revealed to be Bugs Bunny, according to Jones the ending is just for comedic value -- Jones (the director) is speaking to the audience directly, asking "Who is Daffy Duck anyway? Would you recognize him if I did this to him?". Duck Amuck is included in the compilation film, The Bugs Bunny-Road Runner Movie, along with other favourite Chuck Jones cartoons including What's Opera, Doc Mel Blanc does the voices. It was directed by Chuck Jones with a story by Michael Maltese. In 1999 the film was deemed "culturally significant".
TADS programming language - and superseded TADS in the last half of the 90s. Nevertheless, TADS 2 has been maintained and updated at regular intervals by its creator, Michael J. Roberts, even after it became freeware in July 1996. Multimedia TADS, introduced in 1998, allows games to display graphics, animation and play sounds, if the platform supports it. Recently, TADS received a major overhaul with the release of TADS 3, which is a complete rewrite of the TADS engine, only retaining the platform-dependant code to ease porting. TADS 3 has many new features, such as its efficient dynamic objects (with automatic garbage collection), structured exceptions, native UTF-8 strings, and many useful function classes. TADS games Games written in TADS are compiled to a platform-independent format that can be played on any computer -- assuming a.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles debuted in the world of comics, published by independent publisher Mirage. The comic focused around the four anthropomorphic turtles, who as one would infer from the name, are also teenagers, mutants and ninjas. The concept was apparently borne from a comical drawing that played upon the inherent contradiction of a slow, cold blooded reptile and the speed and agility of the japanese martial art. Disposed of in a sewer, the four turtles were accidentally exposed to a liquid mutagen that caused them to "mutate". Also exposed to the mutagen was a rat, former pet of ninjitsu expert Yoshi Hamato. Hamato emigrated to America and was dispatched by rival Saki Oroku (later to become Shredder), leaving the rat homeless. The turtles and rat became sapient and rather.
Bally Astrocade - used in most of Midway's classic arcade games of the era, including Gorf and Wizard of Wor. The basic systems were powered by a Zilog Z80 driving the display chip with a RAM buffer in between the two. The display chip had two modes, a low-resolution mode at 160x102, and a high-resolution mode at 320x204, both with 2-bits per pixel for four colors. This sort of color/resolution was normally beyond the capabilities of RAM of the era, but a clever trick, technically "holding the RAS high", allowed them to read one "line" at a time at very high speed into a buffer inside the display chip. The line could then be read out to the screen at a more leisurely rate, while also interfereing less with the CPU who was also.
Bambi Meets Godzilla - produced by Marv Newland. Only two minutes long, this cartoon is considered a classic by animation fans because of its unique title, and the single punchline that ends the cartoon almost immediately after the opening credits have finished. Newland created the entire cartoon himself on a low budget. This cartoon is considered one of the most memorable of the early efforts at independent animation, that is to say, animated cartoons created completely outside the Hollywood studio system. The stamping foot of Godzilla is seen as a precursor and influence to the famous stamping foot used during the open credits of Monty Python's Flying Circus..
Beavis and Butthead - series King of the Hill and the live action movie Office Space. Beavis and Butthead started life as an animated short created by Judge for the Spike and Mike Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation. This short, named "Frog Baseball", was aired on MTV's independent animation showcase Liquid Television, which was presumably the catalyst for MTV becoming interested in pursuing a television series featuring the characters. An episode of the show typically consists of Beavis and Butthead making juvenile commentary while watching music videos. Between the videos, stories are advanced involving the duo's adventures in troublemaking both at home and at school. Targets for their carnal humour include authority, high school life and even themselves. Beavis and Butthead's characteristic features are that they are obsessed with sex and somewhat mentally challenged..
Bristol - Authority since the abolition (1996) of the County of Avon. Before 1373 the city was parts of Gloucestershire and Somerset, but in that year it was made an independent county by Edward III of England, who proclaimed "that the said town of Bristol withall be a County by itself and called the county of Bristol for ever" In 1974 the County was expanded and restyled the County of Avon. Central Bristol from a light aircraft. The three black circles mark hot air balloons, flying during the annual Bristol Balloon Fiesta. With a population of 381,000 in the 2001 census, Bristol is England's eighth, and Britain's eleventh most populous city after London (7,172,000), Birmingham (977,000), Leeds (715,000), Glasgow (618,000), Sheffield (513,000), Belfast (500,000) Bradford (468,000), Edinburgh (448,000) and Liverpool (439,000)) and Manchester.
The Wizard of Speed and Time - technician, and produced all of the special effects in the film himself. Many of the special effects in the film are produced through stop motion animation. The movie was released to several art-house theaters in 1989 (thought it was never widely distributed), and it received a limited video release on VHS and laserdisc. The movie recounts the exploits of a special effects "wizard" trying to fulfill his dream of making a full-length movie. The tricks of movie magic are exposed; but so are the tribulations of the independent moviemaker. Many scenes in the movie turned out to be only too prophetic, according to Mike Jittlov..
The Walt Disney Company - on cash, a theatrical rerelease of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films. 1945: The studio hires its first ever live actor for a film, James Baskett, to star as Uncle Remus in Song of the South 1949: The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature, ''Treasure Island; The popular True-Life Adventures series begins 1954: The studio founds 'Buena Vista Distribution Company, Inc.' to distribute its feature films; beginning of the Disneyland TV program. 1955: Opening of Disneyland in Anaheim, California 1965: The regular production of short subjects ceases, as theatres no longer have any demand for them. 1966: Walt Disney dies. 1971: Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida; Roy O. Disney dies. 1977: Roy Edward.
Children's television series - watched the shows as children or with their own children and now have a nostalgic emotional connection. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Sesame Street 2 In the US: Saturday morning, weekday afternoons, and the rise of cable TV 3 List of shows Sesame Street North American children's television took a dramatic turn in 1969 with the creation of the visionary PBS program Sesame Street. Still in production over thirty years later, Sesame Street is an educational program produced by the Sesame Workshop and featuring Jim Henson's Muppets. The show blends human and puppet characters, animation, song and dance, and colorful production numbers with basic educational material oriented for children anywhere from toddler to six. It is on this television show that many children of the world are first exposed to things.
Cinema of New Zealand - market by international film distributors. Most New Zealand films have been made by small independent film-makers, often on a low budget and sometimes with sponsorship from public funds. Only recently have international film companies used the New Zealand Film Industry as a source of feature films. However, the independent tradition of filmmaking in New Zealand dates back to the end of the 19th century, when film was first shot in New Zealand. The documentary film Cinema of Unease, by Sam Neill, presents an accessible history of film in New Zealand. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 New Zealand Film Archive 3 Recent New Zealand Movies 4 International Release Movies 5 Prominent Directors 6 Notable Actors 7 External Links History The first public screening of a motion picture was on October.
