Information warfare - Information warfare The term Information warfare refers to the use of information, and attacks on information, as a tool of warfare. Information warfare may include giving the enemy propaganda to convince them to give up, and denying them information that might lead to their resistance. Information warfare may also include feeding propaganda or even disinformation to one's own population, either to build support for the war effort or to counter enemy propaganda. Information warfare may also mean a strategy for undermining an enemy's data and information systems, while defending and leveraging one's own information edge. This type of war has no front line; potential battlefields are anywhere networked systems can be accessed --oil and gas pipelines, electric power grids, telephone switching networks, etc. Information warfare can.
Electronic warfare support measures - Electronic warfare support measures In telecommunication, the term electronic warfare support measures (ESM) has the following meanings: 1. That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition. Thus, electronic warfare support measures (ESM) provide a source of information required for immediate decisions involving electronic countermeasures (ECM), electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM), avoidance, targeting, and other tactical employment of forces. Electronic warfare support measures data can be used to produce signals intelligence (SIGINT), both communications intelligence (COMINT) and electronics intelligence (ELINT). 2. That division of electronic warfare involving action taken to search for, intercept, identify, and locate radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate.
Disinformation - of espionage, military intelligence, and propaganda, is the spreading of deliberately false information to mislead an enemy as to one's position or course of action. Disinformation techniques may also be found in commerce, used by one company to try to undermine the position of a competitor. The Soviet Union made disinformation a recognized military and political tactic. It differs from the Big Lie technique in that the presentation is more subtle. See also Information warfare Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt.
Asymmetric warfare - Asymmetric warfare The idea of asymmetric warfare fuses together many previous and more specific ideas of guerilla warfare, espionage, atrocity, violent resistance, sabotage, non-violent resistance, and terrorism. It is a broad and inclusive term coined to recognize that two sides in a conflict may have such drastically different strengths and weaknesses that they resort to drastically different (thus 'asymmetric') tactics to achieve relative advantage - including attacks on "civilians". Indeed, the rise of all forms of asymmetric warfare in the 20th century (including bombing civilian populations) challenged all ideas of what a "civilian" was or how or why they were to be kept immune to conflicts. This has led to numerous difficult political and ethical controversies, and a general fear that the definition of civilized society may.
Class warfare - Class warfare This article is about the general phenomena of Class warfare. See Class War for information about the newspaper/organisation of that name. Class warfare is a long-used term to describe social and political conflicts between classeses, groups with a different relationship to the means of production, and to each other. In capitalism there are wage workers (proletariat) and capitalists. Wage workers do not own or have control over the means of production, and subsist by selling their labor power to capitalists. Capitalists own and control the means of production, and subsist by expropriating surplus labor value from the wealth-creating workers. In a Marxist-Leninist dictatorship of the proletariat the leaders of the ruling party, the new class control the means of production, although unlike capitalism, they do.
Command and control warfare - Command and control warfare In telecommunication, command and control warfare (C 2 W) is the integrated use of operations security (OPSEC), military deception, psychological operations (PSYOP), electronic warfare (EW), and physical destruction, mutually supported by intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy adversary command and control capabilities, while protecting friendly command and control capabilities against such actions. Command and control warfare applies across the operational continuum and all levels of conflict. C2W is both offensive and defensive: counter-C2 : To prevent effective C2 of adversary forces by denying information to, influencing, degrading, or destroying the adversary C2 systems. C2-protection: To maintain effective command and control of own forces by turning to friendly advantage or negating adversary efforts to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy the.
Psychological warfare - Psychological warfare The U.S. Department of Defense defines Psychological warfare (PSYWAR) as: "The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives." Methods Distributing leaflets, eg in the Gulf War, encouraging desertion propaganda radio stations, such as Lord Haw-Haw in World War Two on the Germany calling station Renaming cities and other places when captured, such as Baghdad airport shock and awe military strategy terrorism (in addition to the physical effect of the violence it often aims to instill fear, which is psychological warfare) See also: information warfare PSYOPS.
Ontological warfare - Ontological warfare Ontological warfare is a kind of information warfare that engages the enemy with a series of attacks against its 'Being' or ontology. One such attack is namespace pollution. Another is a protocol attack known as 'embrace, extend and extinguish'. Examples: A hypothetical attack against the scientific method might attempt to alter its tests for success. This would lead a culture down a slippery slope of pseudoscience until any scientific progress becomes something no human can do. political correctness. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the eventual term for what was originally known as shell shock. Newspeak. "we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible because there will be no words in which to express it." Music piracy and software piracy. Copying music privately was not always the major crime.
Jamming - Jamming Jamming is an electronic warfare (EW) technique to limit the effectiveness of an opponents communications and/or detection equipment. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Radio Jamming 2 Radar Jamming 3 E-mail Jamming Radio Jamming Communications jamming is usually aimed at radio signals to disrupt control of a battle. A transmitter, tuned to the same frequency as the opponents receiving equipment and with the same type of modulation, can with enough power override any signal at the receiver. The most common types of this form of signal jamming are: Random Noise; Random Pulse; Stepped Tones; Wobbler; Random Keyed Modulated CW; Tone; Rotary; Pulse; Spark; Recorded Sounds; Gulls; and Sweep-through. All of these can be divided into two groups - obvious and subtle. Obvious jamming is easy to detect as it.
Jack London - enterprise with London, now became even more a means to an end: "I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate." After 1910, his literary works were mostly potboilers, written out of the need to provide operating income for the ranch. Joan London writes "Few reviewers bothered any more to criticize his work seriously, for it was obvious that Jack was no longer exerting himself." Political views Jack London was a lifelong socialist. In 1896 the San Francisco Chronicle published a story about the 20-year-old London who was out nightly in Oakland's City Hall Park, giving speeches on socialism to the crowds—an activity for which he was arrested in 1897. He ran unsuccessfully as the Socialist nominee for mayor of.
January 2003 - war on Iraq in cities around the world, including Tokyo, Moscow, Paris, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Cologne, Bonn, Goteborg, Istanbul, and Cairo. NION and ANSWER hold protests in Washington D.C and San Francisco, California. The Swiss yacht Allinghi, captained by New Zealand skipper Russell Coutts, defeated Oracle, a San Francisco, California-based yacht, to win the challenger final of the America's Cup. Allinghi will now face the New Zealand defender, yet to be determined. A series of bushfires engulfed portions of Canberra, the capital of Australia. About 500 homes were burnt when the bushfires hit Canberra with great suddenness and speed at about 14:00. 4 people died and over 60 hospital admissions were made, and about 240 persons were treated for injuries. The Mount Stromlo Observatory was destroyed, and over 200 homes.
John Poindexter - and destruction of evidence pertaining to the Iran-Contra Affair. The conviction was overturned in 1991 on the grounds that he had been granted immunity from prosecution as a result of his testimony before Congress. On February 13, 2002, the media learned that Poindexter had become the Director of The Pentagon's Information Awareness Office, a secretive intelligence bureau whose mission is to gather and centralize as much information as possible about everyone, intending to unify all private databases about U.S. citizens into one central database run by the government (including information about travel, credit card purchases, medical history, etc.). Controversy over Poindexter's integrity followed his appointment to the position due to his role in the Iran-Contra scandal. In protest against what he feels is Poindexter's plan to effect the systematic destruction of.
Intelligence - "ability to adapt effectively to the environment, either by making a change in oneself or by changing the environment or finding a new one" (Encyclopædia Britannica). Intelligence tests are often used to quantify human intelligence. This is not without controversy; see below for more information. Some thinkers have explored the idea of collective intelligence, arising from the coordination of many people. Computer science has developed the field of artificial intelligence, which seeks to make computers act in increasingly intelligent ways. Many people have also speculated about the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Intelligence tests 2 Controversies 3 References 4 External Links Intelligence tests Intelligence, narrowly defined, can be measured by intelligence tests (see IQ). They are among the most accurate (reliable and valid) psychological tests, but they.
Infanticide - value is placed on male and female children, sex-selective infanticide may be practiced simply to increase the proportion of children of the preferred sex, usually male. In cultures where childbearing is strongly tied to social structures, infants born outside of those structures (illegitimate children, children of incest, children of cross-caste relationships, and so forth) may be killed by family members to conceal or atone for the violation of taboo. In some cases, infanticide may have been practiced to eliminate children with birth defects or circumstances of birth deemed unfavorable for religious reasons. The extent of such practices is often widely debated; for instance, academics argue whether infanticide of children with birth defects was a standard practice in ancient Greece, or limited to occasional incidents. It has also been alleged that twins.
Intellectual capital - the term rarely or never appears in accounting proper - it refers to a debate, and to the assumed capital base that creates intellectual property, rather than an auditable style of capital. Perhaps due to their industry focus, the term "intellectual capital" is employed mostly by theorists in information technology, innovation research, technology transfer and other fields concerned primarily with technology, standards, and venture capital. It was particularly prevalent in 1995-2000 as theories proliferated to explain the "dotcom boom" and high valuations. During this period it was often observed that code (instructions) and coders (talented individuals) were bearing a substantial premium when combined in new unproven companies. It is hard to see how this differs from the tulip boom, however, when it would have been just as likely to assign a.
Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 1990-1996 - its nuclear, chemical or biological programs. September, 1991 Former US Marine intelligence officer Scott Ritter is hired as a UNSCOM inspector September 21-30, 1991 IAEA inspectors discover files on Iraq's hiden nuclear weapons program. Iraqi officials confiscate documents from UN weapons inspectors. The UN inspectors refuse to turn over a second set of documents. In response, Iraq refuses to allow the inspection team to leave the site without turning over the documents. A four-day standoff ensues, but Iraq permits the team to leave with the documents after a statement from the UN Security Council threatens enforcement actions. October 11, 1991 The UN Security Council passes Resolution 715, which approves joint UNSCOM and IAEA plans for ongoing monitoring and verification. The resolution demands that Iraq "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other.
Israel Defence Forces - Galil assult rifle Uzi submachine gun Micro Uzi Para Micro Uzi Mini Uzi Uzi pistol IMI Negev light machine gun Jericho 971 handgun Magnum Research "Desert Eagle" large-caliber handgun T.C.I M89-SR semi-auto bullpup sniper rifle SR-99 semi-auto sniper rifle RCWS - remote control weapon station OWS - overhead weapon station (also known as "Mag Refael") Armoured Fighting Vehicles Merkava - Main battle tank Mk 1 Mk 2 Mk 3 Mk 3 Baz (improved armour and fire control system) Mk 4 Magah (upgraded M60 Patton) - Main battle tank Puma - Combat engineering armoured vehicle Achzarit - APC (armored personal carrier) Multi purpose tank-chassis based IFVs\\CEVs NagmaShot Nagmachon Nakpadon Caterpillar D9 Bulldozer - an armoured military version Machbet - self propelled anti aircraft gun All-terrain vehicles and other wheeled vehicles Abir Sufa.
Hackers (short stories) - in 1987. This is the story of a man whose wife is kidnapped during a business dealing about bio computers. The man then finds out that his wife's electronic records have disappeared. Bound by his wife's love, he plunges back to his hacker days to track his wife's abductor, and even enlists the help of his old college hacking master. Thinking originally that it was the company involved in the business deal, he blackmails them, but then finds out that something else may be behind the ordeal. "Blood Sisters" This story was written by Greg Egan, and was first published in Interzone 44 in 1991. Two twin sisters in the near future find themselves in the middle of a World where a virus evolved through mutation and natural selection as part.
Henry V of England - on any wider enterprise abroad. Nor was that enterprise one of idle conquest. Old commercial disputes and the support which the French had lent to Glendower was used as an excuse for war, whilst the disordered state of France afforded no security for peace. Henry may have regarded the assertion of his own claims as part of his kingly duty, but in any case a permanent settlement of the national quarrel was essential to the success of his world policy. The campaign of 1415, with its brilliant conclusion at Agincourt (October 25), was only the first step. Two years of patient preparation followed. The command of the sea was secured by driving the Genoese allies of the French out of the Channel. A successful diplomacy detached the emperor Sigismund from France,.
History of Africa - was transferred to a great extent farther south, Sao Paulo de Loanda (present-day Luanda) being founded in 1576. Prior to Angolan independence, the sovereignty of Portugal over this coast region, except for the mouth of the Congo, had been once only challenged by a European power, and that was in 1640-1648, when the Dutch held the seaports. Neglecting the comparatively poor and thinly inhabited regions of South Africa, the Portuguese no sooner discovered than they coveted the flourishing cities held by Arabized peoples between Sofala and Cape Guardafui. By 1520 all these Muslim sultanates had been seized by Portugal, Mozambique being chosen as the chief city of her East African possessions. Nor was Portuguese activity confined to the coastlands. The lower and middle Zambezi valley was explored (16th and 17th centuries),.
