Ingria - Ingria The Inkeri Flag Historically Ingria (Inkeri) comprises the area along the basin of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipsi and Lake Pskov in South-West, and Lake Ladoga in North-East. The traditional border to Karelia followed Rajajoki/Systerbäck in North-West. The ancient Novgorodian land Vod was called Ingermanland by the Swedes, Anglicized to "Ingria". It is said to be named after the daughter Ingegärd/Ingigerd of the Swedish king Olof Skötkonung (995-1022). She got married in 1019 to Yaroslav I the Wise, the ruler of Novgorod. In the early 1700s the area was reconquered by Russia in the Great Northern War after about 100 years in Swedish possession. On the place of the Swedish town Nyen close to the Neva river's.
Karelian language - considered a dialect of Finnish, as it is perceived to differ only slightly from standard-Finnish. Others, for instance many foreign linguists and some people in Estonia and Russia, consider the Karelian variety a language of its own (although almost extinct), similarly to how the dialects of Ingria by Finns often are considered dialects of Finnish-proper, but in Estonia often are considered languages of their own; and also similarly to Meänkieli. As it could also be argued Karelian should be considered separate from Finnish because of its geo-political location within the boundaries of another state, a conclusion might be, that Karelian has a similar relation to Finnish, as has Finland-Swedish to Scandinavian Swedish. Finnish and Karelian were suppressed and out-lawed during Stalin's Great Purges. Attempts to standardize Karelian with a Cyrillic alphabet.
Johann Patkul - and Poland, with the deliberate intention of wresting from Sweden Livonia, to which he had now no hope of returning so long as that province belonged to the Swedish Crown. The aristocratic republic of Poland was obviously the most convenient suzerain for a Livonian nobleman; so in 1698, Patkul proceeded to the court of the king-elector at Dresden and bombarded Augustus with proposals for the partition of Sweden. His first plan was a combination against her of Saxony, Denmark and Brandenburg; but, Brandenburg failing him, he was obliged very unwillingly to admit Russia into the partnership. The tsar was to be content with Ingria and Estonia while Augustus was to take Livonia, nominally as a fief of Poland, but really as a hereditary possession of the Saxon house. Military operations against.
Izhorian - Ižoralaine) can still be found in the western part of Ingria, between the Narva and Neva rivers. In 1989, 820 self-designated Izhorians, thereof 302 speakers of their Finnic language, were registred. The language, close to Karelian, is used primarily by members of the older generation. It is bound to extinction..
Votic - Votic or Votian is the language spoken by the Votes of Ingria. Their own ethnic name is Vadjalain (plural: Vadjalaizõt). The Votes speak a Finnic language (Votic, Votian) close to extinction. In 1989 there were still 62 persons left, the youngest of them was born in 1930. Under Soviet rule, the population diminished by 90% between 1926 and 1959. Since then, the Votes have, as far as possible, concealed their Votic identity, pretending to be Russian in the predominantly Russian environment. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
History of Finland - of Sweden is usually said to began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik the holy who came escorted by a group of armed men and Bishop Henry to Finland-proper. Even though Henry was famously martyred by Lalli in 1156, Christianity came to stay. This traditional account is usually criticised by modern historians. Archeological evidence indicates that Christianity had already spread to Finland before the Swedish crusade and that Finland-Proper was Christianised at the beginning of the 11th century. The Orthodox faith had also spread to Karelia by this time from Novgorod. Christianity spread to Tavastia at the beginning of the 13th century and Birger Jarl conducted a crusade in 1249, maybe to crush a rebellion and stop the Tavastians from reverting back to paganism. This expansion.
History of Sweden - independent Sweden, crushing an attempt to restore the Kalmar Union and laying the foundation for modern Sweden. At the same time, he broke with the Catholic Church and established the Reformation. The Rise of Sweden as a Great Power - 1600 Main article: Rise of Sweden as a Great Power During the 17th century, after winning wars against Denmark, Russia, and Poland, Sweden, with scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants, emerged as a Great Power. Its contributions during the Thirty Years' War under Gustavus Adolphus determined the political, as well as the religious, balance of power in Europe. The Swedish Empire - 1648 Main article: Swedish Empire By 1658, and following the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Sweden ruled several provinces of Denmark as well as what is now Finland, Ingria,.
Governor-General in the Swedish Realm - the Royal Governor of each county would report to the Governor-General instead of directly to the Monarch or the Privy Council. A Royal Governor, regardless if whether under a General-Governor or not, held the civil, but not the military, jurisdiction over his county. The Governors-General were always members of the Privy Council. The list of Governors-General is not complete. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Finland 2 Ingria 3 Estonia 4 Livonia 5 Scania 6 Prussia 7 Pomerania 8 Bremen-Verden 9 See also Finland List of Governors-General of Finland: Per Brahe the younger (1637 - 1641; 1648 - 1654) Herman Fleming (1664 - 1669) Henrik Henriksson Horn af Marienborg (1674) Carl von Nieroth (1710-1712) Ingria List of Governors-General of Ingria: Bengt Oxenstierna (1634 - 1643) Simon Grundel-Helmfelt (1659 - 1673) Gustaf Adam.
Finnic - these languages, and their farmer-hunter culture, traditionally living in Karelia, Ingria, Estonia, Finland, Northernmost Norway and Northern Sweden. Finnic used in this way establish the contrast to the nomadic Saamis, but also to the Slavonics, the Balts and the Scandinavians (or the Germanic peoples)..
Erillinen Pataljoona 4 - the Winter War, but training for these began during the spring of 1940. Most of the men were veterans from the war, but some were refugees from eastern Karelia and Ingria. About 150 men were trained before the beginning of the Continuation War. At first the units only had as few as 15 men, but during the war this was increased up to 60 men. On July 1, 1943 the units were organised in the 4th Detached Battalion. In 1944 a special unit with amphibious He 115 planes was founded to support the battalion..
Dominions of Sweden - retained their own established political systems, essentially their diets. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Baltic Dominions 1.1 Estonia 1.2 Ingria 1.3 Riga 1.4 Livonia 1.5 Ösel 2 Scandinavian Dominion 3 Continental Dominions 3.6 Bremen and Verden 3.7 Pomerania 3.8 Wismar Baltic Dominions Between 1561 and 1629 Sweden made conquests in the Eastern Baltic. All of them were lost in accordance with the Treaty of Nystad in 1721, which concluded the Great Northern War. Estonia Estonia placed itself under Swedish rule in 1561 to receive protection from Russia and Poland as the Livonian Order lost their foothold in the Baltic provinces. Territorially it represented the northern part of present day Estonia. Ingria Russia ceded Ingria and southern Karelia to Sweden in the Peace of Stolbova in 1617, following the Ingrian War. A.
Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm - Marshal in 1616, Privy Councilor in 1617, Governor General of Ingria in 1617 and Lord High Admiral in 1620. He was a son of Duke Carl, later King Charles IX of Sweden and Karin Nilsdotter, the daughter of a clergyman from Ostrogothia. See also: List of Swedish politicians, List of Swedish military commanders.
Charles IX of Sweden - that the Riksdag assumed under his government a power and an importance which it had never possessed before. In 1595 the Riksdag of Söderköping elected Charles regent, and his attempt to force Klas Flemming, governor of Finland, to submit to his authority, rather than to that of the king, provoked a civil war. Technically Charles was, without doubt, guilty of high treason, and the considerable minority of all dasses which adhered to Sigismund on his landing in Sweden in 1598 indisputably behaved like loyal subjects. But Sigismund was both an alien and a heretic to the majority of the Swedish nation, and his formal deposition by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1599 was, in effect, a natural vindication and legitimation of Charles’s position. King Charles IX Finally, the Riksdag at.
Treaty of Nystad - Northern War, in which Russia received the territories of Estonia, Livonia, Karelia and Ingria and Tsar Peter I of Russia replaced King Frederick I of Sweden, as ruler of the conquered provinces. It marked the advent of Russia as a world power in place of Sweden. See also: Nystad.
Swedish Empire - observed by all future sovereigns - in other words, that there should be no further restitution of alienated crown property. Against this interpretation of the subsidy bill the already over-taxed lower estates protested so energetically that the Diet had to be suspended. Then the king intervened personally; not to quell the commons, as the senate insisted, but to compel the nobility to give way. He proposed that the whole matter should be thoroughly investigated by a special committee before the meeting of the next Riksdag, and that in the meantime a contribution should be levied on all classes proportionately. This equitable arrangement was accepted by the estates forthwith. Charles X had done his best to obviate the effects of the financial extravagance of Christina. It may well be doubted, however whether.
Sweden and the Great Northern War - the Peace of Travendal on August 18, 1700 and the victory at the Battle of Narva on November 20, 1700 the Swedish Chancellor, Bengt Oxenstierna, rightly regarded the universal bidding for the favour of Sweden by France and the maritime powers, then on the eve of the War of the Spanish Succession, as a golden opportunity of "ending this present lean war and making his majesty the arbiter of Europe." But Charles, intent on dethroning Augustus II of Poland, held haughtily aloof. Subsequently in 1701 he rejected a personal appeal from William III to conclude peace on his own terms. Five years later on September 24, 1706 he did, indeed, conclude the Polish War by the Peace of Altranstädt, but as this treaty brought no advantage to Sweden, not even compensation.
Rise of Sweden as a Great Power - of "King of the Lapps of Nordland" which people properly belonged to the Danish Crown, involved him in another war with Denmark, a war known in Scandinavian history as the Kalmar War because the Swedish fortress of Kalmar was the chief theatre of hostilities. Thus the Swedish forces were diverted from their real objective and transferred to another field where even victory would have been comparatively unprofitable. But it was disaster, not victory, which Charles IX of Sweden reaped from this foolhardy enterprise. Still worse, the Kalmar War, prudently concluded by Charles' son, Gustavus Adolphus, in the second year of his reign, by the Treaty of Knäred, January 20, 1613 imposed such onerous pecuniary obligations and such intense suffering upon Sweden as to enkindle into a fire of hatred, which was.
Peter the Great and the Russian Empire - he found interest in waging war against Sweden, then an important power in northern Europe. Seeing an opportunity to break through to the Baltic Sea, Peter made peace with the Ottoman Empire in 1700 and then attacked the Swedes at their port of Narva on the Gulf of Finland. However, Sweden's young king, Charles XII, proved his military acumen by crushing Peter's army. Fortunately for Peter, Charles did not follow up his victory with a counteroffensive, becoming embroiled instead in a series of wars over the Polish throne. This respite allowed Peter to build a new, Western-style army. When the armies of the two leaders met again at the town of Poltava in 1709, Peter defeated Charles. Charles escaped to Ottoman territory, and Russia subsequently became engaged in another war with.
