Intellectual history of time - Intellectual history of time History is not just an ordered set of singular events. It is a subtle underground movement in the minds, materials, and organization of a society. To comprehend history is not merely to know a given set of facts, but to know the factors, the state of the world and the mental state of the people that had inherited it at that moment, and not only statically but dynamically - the ebbs and flows of a social milieu like the moods of a personal friend - to understand that history has existed, not merely as a phantom, but as a complex and subtle reality that was felt intimately by its many voyagers. Often, as remains the case today, "history" happens for the sole.
Intellectual property - Intellectual property Intellectual property or IP refers to certain kinds of exclusive rights to intellectual capital, some forms of which can expire after a set period of time, and other forms of which can last indefinitely. Common types of intellectual property include conflicting areas of law: Copyrights, which give the holder some exclusive rights to control some reproduction of works of authorship, such as books and music, for a certain period of time. Patents give the holder an exclusive right to use and license use of an invention for a certain period, typically 20 years. Trademarks are distinctive names, phrases or marks used to identify products to consumers. Trade secrets, where a company keeps information secret, perhaps by enforcing a contract under which those given access.
Intellectual property education - Intellectual property education Intellectual property education refers to the idea that students in schools should be required to listen to explanations of and arguments for intellectual property laws, especially copyright. Proponents argue that such education should be implemented because of increasing copyright infringement by students. Detractors argue that such education is tantamount to forced indoctrination of propaganda. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History and Reasoning 2 Misconceptions 2.1 References History and Reasoning For most of its history, copyright was only an issue for publishers and authors. But because of an accident of modern technology, nearly everything done with computers, especially those on networks, is covered by copyright law, and may be infringing. When installing a program, a copy is made to the hard drive, when launching.
History of the Internet - History of the Internet The earliest idea of a computer network intended to allow general communication between users of various computers was the ARPANET, the world's first packet switching network, which first went online in 1969. The Internet's roots lie within the ARPANET, which not only was the intellectual forerunner of the Internet, but was also initially the core network in the collection of networks in the Internet, as well as a important tool in developing the Internet (being used for communication between the groups working on internetworking research). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Motivation for the Internet 2 Early Internet Work 3 Growth 4 Commercialization and Privatization 5 Early applications 6 Standards and Control 7 World Wide Web 8 External Link Motivation for the Internet.
History of Latvia - History of Latvia Since 9,000 BC ancient peoples of unknown origin had inhabited Latvia, but by 3,000 BC the ancestors of the Finns had settled the region. A millennium later, pre-Baltic tribes had arrived and within time evolved into the Baltic Couranian, Latgallian, Selonian, and Semigallian groups. These tribes eventually formed local governments independently from the Finno-Ugric Livian tribe until the thirteenth century, when they were conquered by the Germans, who renamed the territory Livonia. German sailors shipwrecked on the Daugava River in 1054 had inhabited the area, which led to increasing German influence. Founded by the Germanic Bishop Alberth of Livonia in 1201, Riga joined the Hanseatic League in 1285 and shared important cultural and economic ties to the rest of Europe. However, the new.
History of Panama - History of Panama '''History of Panama Pre-Columbian ceramic figure from Talamancan, Panama Panama had a rich Pre-Colombian heritage of native populations whose presence stretched back over 12,000 years. The earliest traces of these indigenous peoples include fluted projectile points. Central Panama was home to some of the first pottery-making villages in the Americas, such as the Monagrillo culture dating to about 2500-1700 BC. These evolved into significant populations that are best known through the spectacular burials of the Conte site (dating to c. AD 500-900) and the beautiful polychrome pottery of the Coclé style. Panama's history has been shaped by the evolution of the world economy and the ambitions of great powers. Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold, was.
History of Puerto Rico - History of Puerto Rico Spanish Colonization On November 19, 1493, Christopher Columbus "dicovered" the island, claimed it for Spain, and named it San Juan Bautista. In 1644, Diego Salcedo is drowned; with his death, the native Taino Indians discovered that Spaniards were not gods, deciding later to declare war on the Europeans, a war the Tainos would lose. Located at the north east of the Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico was key to the Spanish Empire since the early years of conquest and colonization of the New World. The smallest of the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico was a major military post during many wars between Spain and the other European powers for control of the region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; a stepping stone in the.
History of Denmark - History of Denmark Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient Denmark 2 Vikings 3 Christianity and the Establishment of Denmark 3.1 Difficulties for the Kings 3.2 Margaret and the Kalmar Union 4 Reformation 5 Early Modern Politics 6 Absolutism 7 Napoleonic Wars 8 Nationalism and Liberalism 9 Early 20th century 10 Post-War Ancient Denmark See also: Neolithic and Bronze Age People lived in what is today Denmark more than 100,000 years ago, but they were likely forced to leave for a time because of the ice cap that covered the land for some of the intervening time during the ice age. It is thought that people have lived continually in Denmark since around 12,000 BC. Agriculture made inroads around 3,000 BC, dramatically changing life in the area..
History of the United States National Security Council 1969-1974 - History of the United States National Security Council 1969-1974 History of the United States National Security Council Nixon Administration, 1969-1974 President Nixon and his National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger, dominated the making of US foreign policy during the Nixon Presidency. As Nixon recalled in his memoirs: "From the outset of my administration, . . . I planned to direct foreign policy from the White House. Therefore I regarded my choice of a National Security Adviser as crucial." Henry Kissinger worked through a National Security Council apparatus he revised and fashioned to serve his needs and objectives and those of the President. The close relationship between the President and the National Security Adviser was the basis for their ability to carry out American foreign affairs leadership around.
History of the United States National Security Council 1977-1981 - History of the United States National Security Council 1977-1981 History of the United States National Security Council Carter Administration, 1977-1981 Carter began his term determined to eliminate the abuses he ascribed to the Kissinger NSC under Nixon and Ford. He believed that Kissinger had amassed too much power during his tenure as NSC Adviser and Secretary of State, and effectively shielded his Presidents from competing viewpoints within the foreign policy establishment. Carter resolved to maintain his access to a broad spectrum of information by more fully engaging his Cabinet officers in the decision-making process. He envisaged the role of the National Security Council to be one of policy coordination and research, and reorganized the NSC structure to ensure that the NSC Adviser would be only one.
History of Bavaria - History of Bavaria The earliest known inhabitants of the district afterwards called Bavaria comprised a people, probably of Celtic extraction, whom the Romans subdued just before the opening of the Christian era, when founding colonies among them and including their land in the province of Raetia. During the 5th century the troops of Odoacer ravaged Bavaria. Almost denuded of inhabitants, it became occupied by tribes who, pushing along the valley of the Danube, settled there between 488 and 520. Many conjectures relate to the race and origin of these people, who certainly formed a new and composite social aggregate. Most likely they descended from the Marcomanni, Quadi and Narisci, tribes of the Suevic or Swabian origin, with possibly a small intermixture of Gothic or Celtic elements..
History of the Republic of China - History of the Republic of China This article is part of the History of China series. Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Three Kingdoms Jin Dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty History of the Republic of China History of the PRC (1949-1976) History of the PRC (1976-present) Timeline of Chinese History Flag of the ROC (1912-1928) Flag of the ROC (1928-present) The Republic of China succeeded the Qing Dynasty in China and ruled mainland China from 1912 to 1949 and has ruled Taiwan and (along with several islands of Fujian) since 1945. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Revolution of 1911 2 Early Republic 3 Warlord Era 3.1.
History of New York City - History of New York City This article documents the history of New York City part of present day New York State. For the history of the State of New York, see the article History of New York. First settlements Before the arrival of Europeans the Canarsie people fished the rich estuaries and wetlands from permanent settlements around New York harbor. Although the first European to see the harbor was Giovanni da Verrazano, during his expedition of 1524, and Henry Hudson explored the area in 1609, the written history of New York City properly begins with the Dutch settlement of Walloon families in 1624. That town, at the southern tip of Manhattan, was called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam), and was the main city of the Dutch colony.
History of Ottoman Egypt - History of Ottoman Egypt This article is part of the History of Egypt series. Ancient Egypt Greek and Roman Egypt Early Arab Egypt Ottoman Egypt Modern Egypt List of Egyptians Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Egypt was always a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control. It remained dominated by the semi-autonomous Mameluks until it was conquered by the French in 1798. After the French were expelled it was ruled by the Albanian Mehemet Ali and his descendants who pulled Egypt even further out of Ottoman control. This lasted until 1882 when the British invaded and Egypt became a de facto colony of Great Britain. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early Turkish Period 2 The French Occupation 3 Return to Ottoman.
History of Czechoslovakia - History of Czechoslovakia Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Historical settings to 1918 2 The early years (1918-1938) [The First Republic] 3 Before WWII (1938 – 1939) 4 World War II, 1939-45 5 The Third Republic (1945 - 1948) and the Communist Takeover (1948) 6 Communist Era I (1948- 1968) 7 Communist Era II (1969 – 1987) 8 The End of the Communist Era (1987-1989) and Democratic Czechoslovakia (1989/1990-1992) Historical settings to 1918 Main Article: Czechoslovakia: Historical settings to 1918 The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers. Although the Czechs and Slovaks have similar languages, they have a different mentality a different historical experiences..
European art history - European art history This is article is part of the Art history series. Pre-historic art Arts of the ancient world European art history Islamic art history Arts of the Far East Contemporary art Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Medieval Art 2 The Renaissance 3 Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo 4 Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Academism, and Realism 5 Modern Art Medieval Art Art during Medieval times was almost exclusively concerned with Christianity. During this period, since the vast majority of the peasantry was illiterate, art was the main method of communicating religious ideas besides sermons. The Church was one of the few institutions wealthy enough at the time to commission artists, and thus most art was religious in nature. Since the fall of the Roman Empire, many of the artistic techniques.
Afghanistan timeline 1911-1920 - timeline 1911-1920 Timeline of Afghan history 1911-18 An Afghan nationalist, Mahmud Beg Tarzi, publishes the periodical Seraj ol-Akbar ("Torch of the News"). It is the country's first medium for the intellectual exchange of ideas and its political influence extends beyond the boundaries of Afghanistan. 1911 Again Afghanistan is "happy in having no history." The amir is loyal in carrying out the agreement for the removal of outlaws to beyond fifty miles of the Indian frontier, but this has not wholly stopped the raids. In Afghanistan itself the road between Kabul and Jalalabad is for a considerable time unsafe for traders, but matters improve towards the end of the year. The amir directs much attention to the improvement of the main roads throughout the country, more especially in the direction of Jalalabad.
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is an international agreement on the subject of "intellectual property". It covers copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, industrial designs, geographical indicia and integrated circuit layouts. The enactment of TRIPs in 1994 was an unprecedented and effectively mandatory globalisation of intellectual property law. Although subsequent developments (see below) have expanded on TRIPs' requirements, the agreement itself remains without doubt the most important international agreement on copyright, patents and other IP rules. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Requirements of TRIPs 2 Background and History 3 Controversies 3.1 Access to Essential Medicines 3.2 Software and Business Method Patents 4 Post-TRIPs Expansionism 5 See also 6 References The Requirements of TRIPs TRIPs requires member.
Anti-intellectualism - describes a hostility towards, or a mistrust of intellectuals, and their intellectual pursuits. This may be expressed in various ways, such as an attack on the merits science, education, or literature, In a broader sense, the term 'anti-intellectualism' simply reflects an attitude that takes "intellectualism" with a grain of salt. Inasmuch as intellectuals may be vain or narcissistic in their self-image, so too may they be understood by "common people" as simply another fallible human archetype. Prevalence Anti-intellectualism is found in every nation on earth, but has become associated in particular with the United States of America. It existed in the US before the nation itself; the New England Puritan writer John Cotton wrote in 1642 that "The more learned and witty you bee, the more fit to act for Satan.
Timeline of Buddhism - models. Late 1100s: The great Buddhist educational centre at Nalanda, where various subjects were taught such as Buddhism, Logic, Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Grammar, Yoga, Alchemy and Astrology, was destroyed. It is generally believed that it was razed by the Turks. Nalanda was supported by kings of several dynasties and had served as a great international centre of learning. 1200s: Theravada overtakes Mahayana - previously practised alongside Hinduism - as the dominant form of Buddhism in Cambodia. Thailand and Sri Lanka were influences in this change. In Persia, the historian Rashid al-Din records some eleven Buddhist texts circulating in Arabic translation, amongst which the Sukhavati-vyuha and Karanda-vyuha Sutras are recognizable. Portions of the Samyutta and Anguttara-Nikayas, along with parts of the Maitreya-vyakarana, have also been identified in this collection. Abt. 1238: The.
