Intensive care medicine - Intensive care medicine Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is concerned with providing greater than ordinary medical care and observation to people in a critical or unstable condition. People requiring intensive care include those after major surgery, with severe head trauma, life-threatening acute illness, respiratory insufficiency, coma, haemodynamic insufficiency, severe fluid imblance or with the failure of one or more of the major organ systems (life-critical systems or others). It is generally the most expensive, high technology and resource intensive area of medical care. It is offered only to those whose condition is retrievable and who have a good chance of surviving with intensive care aid, the issue is whether treatment will "prolong life or prolong suffering". People are not admitted to ICU to die..
Medicine - Medicine nds:Medizin This article is about medical science. For substances that treat patients, see drugs, medication and pharmacology. In the context of the anthropology of religion, see Religious Science Practitioner, Church of Christ Scientist, (Christian Science), and medicine (shamanism) for objects with supernatural power and/or the supernatural power that such items possess. A note to contributors: This article is about medicine in general. Please consider adding your contributions about medical topics to individual articles rather than this page (many are linked below, and there are more on the List of medical topics), and please think twice before adding more links here - otherwise this article could easily degenerate into an unreadable list of links. Medicine is an area of human knowledge concerned with restoring health. It.
Insulin - about 70 mg/dl to perhaps 110 mg/dl except shortly after eating when the blood glucose level rises temporarily. This homeostatic process is the result of many factors, but hormone regulation is the most important. There are two groups of antagonistic hormones affecting blood glucose levels: hyperglycemic hormones (such as glucagon, growth hormone, and adrenaline), which increase blood glucose and one hypoglycemic hormone (insulin), which decreases blood glucose This is because, at least in the short term, it is far less harmful to have too much glucose in the blood than too little. Mechanisms which restore too low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) must be quick and effective because of serious consequences of insufficient glucose. They are mostly efficient and symptomatic hypoglycemia is found almost entirely in diabetics on pharmacologic treatment. Hypoglycemic episodes vary.
Intubation - on a dummy (conventional technique using a laryngoscope) In medicine, intubation is the placement of a tube into an external or internal orifice of the body. Although the term can refer to endoscopic procedures, it is most often used to denote tracheal intubation. In tracheal intubation, an endotracheal tube is passed through the nose or mouth, through the larynx, and into the trachea. Tracheal intubation is performed in various medical conditions: in comatose or intoxicated patients who are unable to protect their airways. In such patients, the throat muscles may lose their tone so that the upper airways collapse and air can not pass to the lungs. Furthermore, protective airway reflexes such as coughing and swallowing, which serve to protect the lower airways against aspiration of secretions and foreign bodies, may.
Gardening - it may also be located in less traditional areas such as on the roof, in an atrium, on the balcony, in windowboxes or on the patio. "Indoor gardening" is concerned with the growing of household plants within the residence, in a conservatory or a greenhouse. The plants grown in a conservatory or greenhouse may or may not require more exacting care and conditions than ordinary household plants. Indoor gardens are sometimes incorporated as part of air conditioning or heating systems. "Water gardening" is concerned with the growing of plants suitable for pools and ponds. Bog gardens are also considered as a type of water garden. These require special conditions and considerations. Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as parks, public or semi-public gardens such as botanical gardens or.
General anaesthetic - maintenance of a state of unconsciousness. Among the most widely used substances are propofol, etomidate, barbiturates such as methohexital and thiopental, benzodiazepines such as midazolam and diazepam, and ketamine. much more writing desirable Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pharmacology of general anesthetic drugs 1.1 Lipid solubility 1.2 Protein binding sites 1.3 The cutoff effect 2 Uses in surgery 3 Uses in emergency medicine 4 Uses in intensive care medicine 5 Uses in diagnostics 6 Related topics Pharmacology of general anesthetic drugs The sites of action of general anaesthetics have proved difficult to find, because they have many different structures, ranging from complex steroids to the inert monatomic gas xenon. It is clear, however, that general anaesthetics must act upon the central nervous system by modifying the electrical activity of neurons. A.
Diabetes mellitus - diabetes by observing whether ants were attracted to a person's urine. Passing abnormal amounts of urine can be a symptom of several diseases (most commonly of the kidneys), and the word diabetes is connected with many diseases. The most common are diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Causes and types Insulin is a hormone that enables blood glucose molecules to enter about 2/3 of the cells of the body (primarily muscle and fat cells). It also controls many other body mechanisms, from fat processing (in liver and fat cells), protein synthesis (by controlling amino acid uptake in cells), and electrolyte balance (by controlling potassium uptake in cells). It is the central hormone involved in controlling metabolism. It is produced in the endocrine part of the pancreas, which consists of clumps of specialised.
Diabetes dictionary - In the case of diabetes, it refers to low levels of insulin needed for such purposes as controlling cellular amino acid uptake, potassium uptake, etc. Beta cell Beta cell transplantation - See: Islet cell transplantation. Biosynthetic human insulin - A man-made insulin that is chemically identical to like human insulin. See also: Human insulin. Biphasic insulin - A type of insulin that is a mixture of intermediate- and fast-acting insulin. See 70/30. Blood glucose Blood glucose meter Blood glucose monitoring Blood pressure Blood-sampling device Blood sugar Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) A measurement of a metabolic waste product in the blood. Urea is one end product of protein metabolism. Increased levels of BUN in the blood may indicate early kidney damage. Blood vessels Bolus - An extra amount of insulin given in.
Blood pressure - artery (in the arm). The pressure of the blood in other blood vessels differs from the arterial pressure. Measurement of pressures in the venous system and the pulmonary vessels plays an important role in intensive care medicine but requires invasive techniques. Measurement Arterial blood pressure is usually measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) using a sphygmomanometer. This is an inflatable cuff placed around the upper arm, at roughly the same vertical height as the heart in a sitting person, attached to a manometer. The cuff is inflated until the artery is completely occluded. Listening with a stethoscope to the brachial artery at the elbow, the examiner slowly releases the pressure in the cuff. When bloodflow barely begins again in the artery, a "whooshing" or pounding sound is heard. The pressure.
Torture - or not certain acts constitute torture, and whether torture is ever justified, and which countries or political groups use or have used torture, and for what ends. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Use of torture by governments 2 Torture and Medicine 3 Torture Devices and Methods 3.1 Torture devices 3.2 Psychological Torture 3.3 Stress and Distress Tactics used by Police 3.4 Methods of Execution to carry out Capital Punishment 4 External Links Use of torture by governments Torture was used by many governments and countries in the past (especially in the Middle Ages). Especially, torture was believed to be a legitimate way to obtain testimonies and confessions from suspects for use in trials. Still, the use of torture may be ineffective, since tortured suspects will often admit to anything and even.
Route of administration - anesthetics is targeted at the brain (systemic effect). On the other hand, identical drugs can produce different results depending on the route of administration. For example, some drugs are not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract and their action after enteral administration is therefore different from that after parenteral administration. This can be illustrated by the action of naloxone, an antagonist of opiates such as morphine. Naloxone counteracts opiate action in the central nervous system when given intravenously and is therefore used in the treatment of opiate overdose. The same drug, when swallowed, acts exclusively on the bowels; it is here used to treat constipation under opiate pain therapy and does not affect the pain-reducing effect of the opiate. Uses Enteral routes are generally the most convenient for.
Peter Safar - (USA, 1954). He begun to work on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 1956; he worked with the firefighters to design the first emergency ambulance, and wrote the book ABC of resuscitation in 1957. He established the country's first intensive care unit in 1958. He then went to the University of Pittsburg where established the most important academic anesthesiology department. In 1966, he was deeply marked by the death of his daughter, Elisabeth, at the age of 11 from an acute asthma crisis. He initiated the Freedom House Enterprise Ambulance Service, the first paramedical emergency service in 1967. He also helped create the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine in 1976. He retired from chairmanship of anesthesiology and founded the International Resuscitation Research Center (IRRC, now the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research).
Practices of Jehovah's Witnesses - 1 Evangelism 2 Kingdom Halls and Assembly Halls 3 Meetings 4 Funding of activities 5 Baptism 6 Temporal disengagement 7 Association 8 Disfellowshipping 9 Medicine and Health 10 Disaster Relief Evangelism Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their intensive witnessing, or, as some refer to it, proselytizing, efforts. Indeed, this practice is closely associated with the religion's name. All members who are healthy enough are strongly encouraged to go from door to door, participating in this activity. Even children are encouraged to participate, accompanied by their parents. Each witness is encouraged to participate to the extent his circumstances allow, every week if at all possible. Some witnesses commit to spending 70 hours per month in witnessing activites; they are known as pioneers. Witnesses have in the past used a wide.
Prince of Wales Hospital - supported by the Li Ka-shing Specialist Clinics for specialty outpatient services. The Hospital Governing Committee (HGC) is the ultimate decision making authority of the hospital. Scopes of service Accident and Emergency (24 hours) Anaesthesia (including Intensive Care) Anatomical & Cellular Pathology Chemical Pathology Clinical Oncology(including Radiotherapy) Combined Endoscopy Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery Family Medicine Medicine & Therapeutics Microbiology Obstetrics & Gynaecology Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Orthopaedics & Traumatology Paediatrics Psychiatry Surgery See also: List of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong.
Medical ventilator - designed to provide mechanical ventilation to a patient. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive care medicine and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesia (as a component of an anesthesia apparatus). In its simplest form, a ventilator consists of a compressible air reservoir, air and oxygen supplies, a set of valves and tubes, and a disposable or reusable "patient set". The air reservoir is pneumatically compressed several times a minute to deliver an air/oxygen mixture to the patient; when overpressure is released, the patient will exhale passively due to the lungs' elasticity. The oxygen content of the inspired gas can be set from 21 percent (ambient air) to 100 percent (pure oxygen). Pressure and flow characteristics can be set mechanically or electronically. Ventilators may also be equipped with monitoring and.
Mechanical ventilation - e.g. fanss and blowers, to move air; as contrasted with the natural ventilation provided by convection and winds. In medicine, mechanical ventilation is employed to assist, or in some cases replace, spontaneous breathing. Mechanical ventilation can be life-saving and is a mainstay of resuscitation, intensive care medicine, and anesthesia. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Clinical use 2 Techniques 2.1 Positive and negative pressure ventilation 2.2 Mouth-to-mouth and bag-mask systems 2.3 Mechanical ventilators 3 Securing the patient's airways 4 Ventilation-related lung injury and protective ventilation 5 History 6 See also Clinical use Mechanical ventilation is used in: absent (apnea) or insufficient spontaneous breathing, which may result from causes such as effect of anesthetics or of muscle relaxants intoxication neurological disease or head trauma paralysis of breathing muscles due to spinal cord injury.
List of medical abbreviations - Venous Pressure CVID Common Variable Immunodeficiency D DBP Diastolic blood pressure DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy DDD Daily Defined Doses DHEA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate DHE Dihydoergotamine DIC Disseminated intravacular coagulation DPT Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus DiPerTe Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus DiTe Diphtheria Tetanus DNA Desoxyribonucleic acid DOA Dead on Arrival DTP Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis DT Diphtheria Tetanus DVT Deep vein thrombosis DEXA Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry E EACA Epsilon-aminocaproic acid EBM Evidence-based medicine ECG Electrocardiogram EEG Electroencepholgram EKG Electrocardiogram ECPW endoskopowa cholangiopankreatografia wsteczna E Erythrocytes EF Ejection Fraction EGF Epidermal Growth Factor EMLSCS Emergency Lower Segment Ceasarian Section ELLSCS Elective Lower Segment Ceasarian Section ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay EMC Encephalomyocarditis EMF Endomyocardial fibrosis EMG Electromyography EPH Edema Proteinuria Hypertension EPO Erythropoietin ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ESR Erythocyte sedimentation rate ESWL Extracorporal Shockwave Lithotripsy ET Endothelin EUS.
Life support - Life support This article is about life support in medicine. There is another article on life support and environmental control. Life support is a colloquial term for a set of allopathic therapies to preserve a patient's life, usually in the absence of a reasonable hope that the patient will regain consciousness. Life support therapies utilize some combination of several techniques: enteric feeding, intravenous drips,total parenteral nutrition, mechanical respiration, heart/lung bypass, defibrillation, urinary catheterization and dialysis. The same techniques are also used for intensive care, but there is a slightly different emphasis. Life support is concerned with stabilizing a patient rather than healing them. In some cases, skilled nursing care can substitute for one of the above radical therapies, and it is almost always preferable if it can be relied-upon. For example,.
Internal medicine - Internal medicine Internal medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of internal diseases, that is, those that is, those which affect internal organs or the body as a whole. There is some overlap between internal medicine and primary care (or family medicine). A physician who practices internal medicine is an internist. Topics in Internal medicine cardiology coronary heart disease -- cardiac arrhythmias -- heart attack -- ischaemic heart disease -- more gastroenterology oesophagus achalasia -- Barrett's disease -- cancer of oesophagus -- heart burn -- hiatus hernia -- reflux oesophagitis -- oesophageal pouch stomach cancer of stomach -- gastric ulcer -- Helicobacter pylori small bowel giardia -- coeliac disease -- Crohn's disease -- lymphoma -- Meckel's diverticulum -- malabsorption pancreas carcinoma of pancreas -- cystic fibrosis.
Healthcare system - healthcare system is the organization by which an individual's health care is provided. From an economic perspective, healthcare may be viewed as just another product or service to be purchased by an individual, however, healthcare has many special characteristics that encourage government intervention to a greater or lesser extent: The provision of critical healthcare treatment is often regarded as a basic human right, regardless of whether the individual has the means to pay - and some forms of healthcare treatment cost more than a typical family's life savings. Healthcare professionals are obligated by their oaths of service to provide lifesaving treatment. Consumers, often lack the information or understanding to be able to rationally choose between alternative healthcare providers when they need treatment, particularly in urgent treatment. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1.
