Intentional programming - Intentional programming Intentional programming is the name given to a collection of concepts in computer programming which attempt to make the tasks of writing and maintaining computer programs easier. The name refers to the way the systems attempt to capture additional meaning, the programmer's intentions, as opposed to the source code representing those intentions. In doing so the system allows the programmer to more easily follow lengthy code. The term was introduced by Charles Simonyi, the long-time Microsoft employee who led a team in Microsoft Research to develop a working system known as IP. In "normal" programming systems the program is represented by a series of text files known as source code. The source code is collected together by a program known as an [[interpreter (computing).
Ellipsis - (plural: ellipses) is a row of three dots (…) or asterisks (* * *) indicating an intentional omission. An example is, "She went to … school." In this sentence, "…" might represent the word "elementary", or the word "no". The use of ellipsis can either mislead or clarify, and the reader must rely on the good intentions of the writer who uses it. Omission without indication by ellipsis is always considered misleading. Ellipsis can also used to indicate a pause in speech, or be used at the end of a sentence to indicate a trailing off into silence. The Chicago Manual of Style suggests the use of ellipsis points for any omitted word, phrase, line, or paragraph from within a quoted passage. There are two commonly used methods of using ellipses:.
September 11, 2001 attacks timeline for the day of the attacks - building lacks a traditional full cage frame and depends almost entirely on the strength of a narrow structural core running up the center, the fire at the center of the impact zone is in a position to compromise the integrity of all internal columns. Only two home video cameras are known to have ever recorded the impact of Flight 11. People below the severed stairwells in the north tower start to evacuate; no one above the impact zone is able to. 8:46 AM to 10:29 AM: At least twenty people, primarily in the north tower and trapped by fire and smoke in the upper floors, jump to their deaths. There is some evidence that large central portions of the floor near the impact zone in the north tower collapsed soon after.
SQL - Structured Query Language, or SQL, is a declarative programming language for use in quasi-relational databases. Many of the original SQL features were inspired by, but in violation of, tuple calculus, but recent extensions to SQL include a more relational algebra flavour. SQL was originally created by IBM, but many vendors developed dialects of it. It was adopted as a standard by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI) in 1986 and ISO in 1987. In their SQL standard, the ANSI declared that the official pronunciation for SQL is "es queue el". However, many database professionals have taken to the "slang" pronunciation sequel, that reflects the language's original name, Sequel, before trademark conflicts caused IBM to perpetrate the current moniker. SQL was revised in 1992, and that version is known as SQL-92. It was.
Kid programming language - Kid programming language Kid is a kernel language for Id. A refinement of P-TAC, used as an intermediate language for Id. Lambda-calculus with first-class let-blocks and I-structures. Reference "A Syntactic Approach to Program Transformations", Z. Ariola et. al., SIGPLAN Notices 26(9):116-129 (Sept 1991). This article was originally based on content from FOLDOC, used with permission. Update as needed..
Kvikkalkul programming language - Kvikkalkul programming language Kvikkalkul is a computer programming language ostensibly developed by the Swedish Navy in the 1950s and used on the SABINA computer. It came to fame in 1994 when someone made an anonymous post to usenet regarding it. Probably not a real language, but a joke; like INTERCAL in that respect..
J programming language - J programming language The J programming language, developed in the early 90's by Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and FP, the functional programming language created by John Backus (of Fortran, Algol, and BNF fame). To avoid the problems faced by the special character set of APL, J requires only the basic ASCII character set, resorting to the use of dot and colon characters to extend the meaning of the basic characters available. J is a very terse and powerful language, and is often found to be useful for math programming, especially when performing operations on matrices. It also offers a flexible namespace scheme ("locales") which can be used as a framework for OOP. Since J has no explicit.
J Sharp programming language - J Sharp programming language The J# (pronounced Jay Sharp) programming language is a transitional language for programmers of Sun’s Java and Microsoft’s J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge, and applications on Microsoft’s .NET platform. As with J++, it only supports a limited set of Java’s features..
Java programming language - Java programming language The Java language is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling and other engineers at Sun Microsystems. It was developed in 1991, as part of the Green Project, and officially announced on May 23, 1995, at SunWorld; being released in November. Gosling and friends initially designed Java, which was called Oak at first (in honour of a tree outside Gosling's office), to replace C++ (although the feature set better resembles that of Objective C). More on the history of Java can be found in the article about the Java platform, which includes the language, the Java virtual machine, and the Java API. Sun controls the Java specification and holds a trademark on the Java name. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 1.1 Object.
Jackson Structured Programming - Jackson Structured Programming Jackson Structured Programming or JSP is a method for structured programming based on correspondences between data structure and program structure. It was originally developed in the 1970s by IT consultant Michael A. Jackson in order to improve the general standard of COBOL programming, although it is just as applicable to C or to Lisp for that matter. Although it imposes a structure upon a program which improves its modifiability and maintainability, the structure is rather different from the type of structure advocated by Wirth, Dijkstra, et al. External Links: http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/jacksonma/ http://www.ida.his.se/ida/~henrike/JSP/.
Jess programming language - Jess programming language Jess, an acronym for Java Expert System Shell, is a superset of CLIPS programming language, developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Labs. It was first written in late 1995. It provides rule-based programming suitable for automating an expert system, and is often referred to as an expert system shell. In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar capability. Rather than a procedural paradigm, where a single program has a loop that is activated only one time, the declarative paradigm used by Jess matches a rule with a single fact specified as its input and processes that fact as its output. When the program is run, the rules engine will activate one for each matching fact. Jess can.
Visual Basic for Applications programming language - Visual Basic for Applications programming language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is an implementation of Microsoft's Visual Basic which is built into all Microsoft Office applications, some other Microsoft applications such as Visio and is at least partially implemented in some other applications such as AutoCAD and WordPerfect. It supersedes and expands on the capabilities of earlier application-specific macro programming languages such as Word's WordBasic, and can be used to control almost all aspects of the host application, including manipulating user interface features such as menus and toolbars and working with custom user forms or dialog boxes. As its name suggests, VBA is closely related to Visual Basic, but can normally only run code from within a host application rather than as a standalone program. It can however be.
JOSS programming language - JOSS programming language JOSS (The JOHNNIAC Open Shop System) was developed by J.C. (Cliff) Shaw at RAND Corporation to allows users to use a computer interactively. JOSS enabled up to twelve people to share the computer simultaneously. This made it one of the first time-sharing systems to become available. JOSS was still available for use during the first half of the 1970s on IBM System/360 systems..
Joy programming language - Joy programming language Stub - please refine. Manfred von Thun of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia has produced and is refining a functional programming language called Joy based on composition of functions rather than lambda calculus. It has turned out to have many similarities to Forth, due less to design than to a sort of parallel evolution and convergence. For more comprehensive information, see http://www.latrobe.edu.au/philosophy/phimvt/joy.html and http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?JoyOfJoy.
JOVIAL programming language - JOVIAL programming language JOVIAL is a computer programming language similar to Algol, but specialized for the development of embedded systems. JOVIAL stands for "Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language." It was developed to write software for the electronics of military aircraft. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the U.S. military adopted a standardized CPU, the 1750A, and JOVIAL normally produces programs for that processor. JOVIAL is MIL-STD-1589, and is still widely used to update and maintain software on older, obsolescent military vehicles and aircraft. There are three dialects in common use: J3, J3B-2, and J73. As of 2003, JOVIAL is still actively maintained and distributed by the USAF JOVIAL Integrated Tool Set (ITS) Program Office. The program office helps organizations reuse their old, reliable.
Jython programming language - Jython programming language Jython is a version of Python that's written in Java and that runs in the Java environment. Jython programs can seamlessly import and use any Java class. Except for some standard modules, Jython programs use Java classes instead of Python modules. For example, a user interface in Jython would be written with Swing or AWT, rather than with Tkinter. For more on Jython, go to http://www.jython.org/..
IBASIC programming language - IBASIC programming language IBasic is a programming language, which is (or can be) designed to be both easy to learn, yet still provide the advanced features required by an experienced programmers. IBasic is available only for Microsoft Windows and is unique for the level of access it provides for the operating system. Features include: Integrated Development Environment Produces small, standalone executables Simple BASIC syntax similar to QBASIC's C style constants and structure support Easily create Windows and Dialogs Direct X support Access to any DLLs.
Icon programming language - Icon programming language The Icon programming language is a high level language with goal directed execution features and good facilities for managing strings and structures; it has inherited properties from SNOBOL (a string processing language). The definitive work is The Icon Programming Language (third edition) by Griswold and Griswold, ISBN 1-57398-001-3. The programming language Unicon descended from Icon. External Links http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/index.htm.
Imperative programming - Imperative programming Written by Stan Seibert, Modifed by Wikipedia contributors, published by Wikimedia. In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming style that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state. In much the same way as the imperative mood in natural languages expresses commands to take action, imperative programs are a sequence of commands for the computer to perform. The hardware implementation of almost all computers is imperative; nearly all computer hardware is designed to execute machine code, which is native to the computer, written in the imperative style. From this low-level perspective, the program state is defined by the contents of memory, and the statements are instructions in the native machine language of.
INTERCAL programming language - INTERCAL programming language INTERCAL is a programming language parody. It is said by the authors to stand for "Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym". INTERCAL was perpetrated by Don Woods and James Lyons, two Princeton University students, in 1972 and is purposely different from all other computer languages in all ways but one; it is purely a written language, being totally unspeakable. An excerpt from the INTERCAL Reference Manual will make the style of the language clear: It is a well-known and oft-demonstrated fact that a person whose work is incomprehensible is held in high esteem. For example, if one were to state that the simplest way to store a value of 65536 in a 32-bit INTERCAL variable is: DO :1 <- #0$#256 any sensible programmer would.
