International organization - International organization An international organization is an organization of international scope or character. There are two main types of international organizations: international intergovernmental organizations, whose members are sovereign states; and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which are private organizations. Generally the term international organization is used to mean international governmental organizations only. It is in this sense that the term is used in the remainder of this article. Legally speaking, an international organization must be established by a treaty providing it with legal personality for it to be an international organization. International organizations so established are subjects of international law, capable of entering into agreements among themselves or with states. Thus international organizations in a legal sense are distinguished from mere groupings of states, such as the G-8.
International Hydrographic Organization - International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental international organization established in 1921. The IHO was the outgrowth of international conferences and congresses held as early as 1889. The IHO is composed of its member states (represented by their respective hydrographic offices) with administration through the International Hydrographic Bureau with headquarters in Monaco. Direction of the Bureau is through directors elected by member states. The organization's function is to coordinate Hydrography and hydrographic activities of the member states. The IHO does not itself control significant hydrographic assets. The organization's goals are stated as "support the safety in navigation and the protection of the marine environment" with support of coordinated and uniform hydrographic products and surveys and by improving techniques of member states for.
International Organization for Standardization - International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard setting body of representatives of national standards bodies, that produces world-wide industrial and commercial standards. While the ISO defines itself as a non-governmental organization, its ability to set standards which often become law through treaties or national standards makes it more powerful than most NGOs, and in practice it acts as a consortium with strong links to governments. Partipants include one standards body from each member country and major corporations. ISO cooperates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which is responsible for standardization of electrical equipment. The organization is usually referred to simply as ISO (pronounced eye-so). It is a common misconception that ISO stands for International Standards Organization, or something.
International Civil Aviation Organization - International Civil Aviation Organization Headquartered in Montreal, Canada, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation. In addition, it defines the protocols for air accident investigation followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Chicago Convention. See NTSB, TSB, AAIB, BFU, and BEA. The ICAO should not be confused with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) which is a trade organization for airlines. Both ICAO and IATA have their own airport.
International Maritime Organization - International Maritime Organization Headquartered in London, U.K, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to prevent marine pollution. Recent U.S initiatives at the IMO have included amendments to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, which upgraded fire protection standards on passenger ships, and amendments to the Convention on the Prevention of Maritime Pollution, which required double hulls on all tankers. U.S. maritime interests benefit directly from IMO work on standardization, safety, and ocean anti-pollution programs. The concept of IMO was born after the RMS Titanic disaster. By modern standards, Titanics design made her appallingly vulnerable. Her "watertight" bulkheads, by design, did not extend all the way to the overhead because the engineers, in their.
International Labour Organization - International Labour Organization Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the International Labor Organization (ILO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. Founded in 1919, it was formed through the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, and became a UN body when the UN was formed. Its current charter, the Declaration of Philadelphia was adopted in 1944. The organisation seeks to strengthen worker rights, improve working and living conditions, create employment, and provide information and training opportunities. ILO programs include the occupational safety and health hazard alert system and the labor standards and human rights programs. Historically, one of the functions the ILO has performed has been the establishment of international standards for workers conditions, which have then become the basis for trade.
International Refugee Organization - International Refugee Organization The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was founded in 1946 to deal with the massive refugee problem created by World War II. It was a United Nations specialized agency. In 1952 its operations ceased, and it was replaced by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It is the only specialized agency to have ever gone out of existence. It was established by the Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 15, 1952..
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is the world's largest commercial satellite communications services provider. It is an international consortium that owns and manages a constellation of communications satellites (Intelsats) to provide international broadcast services. Ownership and investment in ITSO (measured in shares) is distributed among ITSO members according to their respective use of services. Investment shares determine each member's percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The organization's primary source of revenue comes from satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating costs, are redistributed to ITSO members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services are available to any organization (both ITSO members and non-members), and all users.
International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol - International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization – Interpol (ICPO-Interpol) was created to assist international criminal police cooperation. Interpol, once merely the organization's telegraphic address, was officially incorporated into the organization's new name adopted in 1956, prior to which it was known as the International Criminal Police Commission. Interpol is the world's second largest international organization, after the United Nations; it currently has 181 member countries. It is financed by annual contributions from its member countries, which total about EUR €30 million (USD $28 million). The Organization is headquartered in Lyon, France. The currently serving President of Interpol is Jesús Espigares Mira, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Spanish National Police. The current Secretary General, Ronald K. Noble, formerly of.
International Boxing Organization - International Boxing Organization The International Boxing Organization, typically referred to by its call letters IBO, is a boxing sanctioning body which awards world championship belts in all weight classes. It was founded in 1993. The IBO is considered by most boxing fans and experts to be a "fringe" sanctioning body, and its champions are not widely recognized in most instances. However, it has gained some credibility in the past few years, thanks to its use of an independent computer ranking system to determine top contenders and the fact that such star fighters as Lennox Lewis and Roy Jones Jr have accepted and fought for IBO titles..
International Socialist Organization - International Socialist Organization This article is about the International Socialist Organization in the United States. See also the International Socialist Organisation (Australia). The International Socialist Organisation (ISO) was formed in 1977 by members of the International Socialists who were concerned at at the groups turn away from its advocacy of building a revolutionary party through the construction of a rank and file movement within the trade unions. Another dimension was added to the factional struggle in the IS as the oppositional members of the IS had become convinced of the positions of the International Socialists on the question of the class nature of the Stalinist states, which they held to be "state capitalist" and on the then current Portugese Revolution. The new ISO, led by Cal.
International Socialist Organization (New Zealand) - International Socialist Organization (New Zealand) The International Socialist Organisation is a Trotskyist organisation in New Zealand. It has similar politics to the Socialist Workers Organization..
International Socialist Organization (Zimbabwe) - International Socialist Organization (Zimbabwe) The International Socialist Organization is a Trotskyist organisation in Zimbabwe. It is part of the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party. It produces a newspaper called Socialist Worker. It opposes both ZANU-PF and the MDC and claims to be under state harassment. On the whole it is not safe for us to do street sales with our paper any more, though we can still hold public meetings if we are careful about security. The new press laws pushed through by Mugabe are going to make a lot of what we say very difficult to publish, because of course it is critical of the government..
International Grandmaster - International Grandmaster The title International Grandmaster is awarded to superb chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. It is a lifetime title, in chess literature usually abbreviated as GM or IGM (this is in contrast to WGM for Woman Grandmaster and IM for International Master). Normally three favorable results (or norms) in tournaments involving other Grandmasters are required before FIDE will confer the title on a player. There are other milestones a player can achieve to get the title, such as qualifying for the Candidates tournament. The Candidates Tournaments, now defunct, were a series of tournaments whose winner earned the right to challenge the reigning world champion. Bobby Fischer got his Grandmaster title by qualifying for the 1959 Candidates Tournament, at the ripe old age.
International Telecommunication Union - International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organization established to standardise and regulate international radio and telecommunications. Its main tasks include standardization, allocation of the radio spectrum, and organizing interconnection arrangements between different countries to allow international phone calls. (In which regard it performs for telecommunications a similar function to what the UPU performs for post.) It is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. See also: ITU-T, ITU-R.
International Mathematical Union - International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international co-operation in the field of mathematics. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians. Its members are national mathematics organizations in 65 countries..
International Council for Science - International Council for Science The International Council of Science (ICSU) was founded in 1931 as an international non-governmental organization devoted to international co-operation in the advancement of science. Its members are national science research councils or academies (98 of them), and international scientific unions (26 of them), including the International Mathematical Union, the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. External Link The ICSU official website.
International Criminal Court - International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2003 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute and try individuals for the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements. Note that International Criminal Court is sometimes initialized as ICCt to distinguish it from International Chamber of Commerce. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 How cases reach the ICC 2 Historical Background 3 Development of the ICC 4 Structure and powers 5 Role of United Nations 6 List of States parties 7 Opposition to the ICC 7.1 US objections 7.2 Israeli and Chinese objections 7.3 Other objections to the Statute 7.4 US measures against the ICC 7.4.1 American Servicemembers Protection Act 7.4.2 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1422 7.4.3.
International Atomic Energy Agency - International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957, seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. United States President Eisenhower envisioned, in his "Atoms for Peace" speech before the UN General Assembly in 1953, the creation of this international body to control and develop the use of atomic energy. The IAEA is headquartered in Vienna, Austria (at the Vienna International Centre). The IAEA has 136 Member States. Additionally, the IAEA maintains field and liaison offices in Canada, Geneva, New York, and Tokyo, operates laboratories in Austria and Monaco and supports a research centre in Trieste, Italy that is administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific.
International Seabed Authority - International Seabed Authority The International Seabed Authority is an intergovernmental body established to organize and control all mineral-related activities in the international seabed area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, an area underlying most of the world’s oceans. It is an autonomous organization having a relationship agreement with the United Nations. The Authority, in existence since 1994, was established and its tasks were defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, as refined by the 1994 Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI (seabed provisions) of the Convention. The Convention defines this deep seabed area and its resources as “the common heritage of mankind”. The Authority has 138 member states, its membership consisting of all parties to the Law of.
