Italian musical terms - Italian musical terms A great many musical terms are in Italian. Here are some of them. Italian term Literal translation Definition Musical forms A cappella* in chapel style Sung with no accompaniment Aria air A song, esp. one from an opera Arietta little air A short or light aria Ballabile danceable (song) to be danced to Battaglia battle A piece suggesting a battle Bergamasca from Bergamo A peasant dance from Bergamo Burletta a little joke A light comic or farcical opera Cadenza falling A florid solo at the end of a performance Capriccio caprice A lively piece of music Coda tail The end of a piece Concerto concert A work for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra Concertino little concert A short concerto; the solo.
Italian language - Italian language Italian is a Romance language spoken by about 62 million people, most of whom live in Italy. Standard Italian is based on Tuscan dialects and is somewhat intermediate between the languages of Southern Italy and the Gallo-Romance languages of the North. Italian has double (or long) consonants, like Latin (but unlike most modern Romance languages, e.g. French and Spanish). As in most Romance languages (with the notable exception of French), stress is distinctive. Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino and an official language in the Ticino and Grigioni cantons or regions of Switzerland. It is also the second official language in Vatican City and in some areas of Istria in Slovenia and Croatia with Italian minority. It is widely used by.
Italian proverbs - Italian proverbs Here are some proverbs and other well-known phrases in Italian. Chi dice Siena, dice Palio. He who mentions Siena, mentions the Palio (that city's famous horse-race). Said of something that one cannot mention without calling some other thing to mind. Chi troppo vuole, nulla stringe He who wants too much, gets nothing. Chi trova un amico, trova un tesoro. He who finds a friend, finds a treasure. Chi va piano, va sano; chi va sano, va lontano. He who goes softly, goes safely; he who goes safely, goes far. Commediante! Tragediante! Comedian! Tragedian! Exclaimed by Pope Pius VII during a violent scene that Napoleon made before him. Eppur, si muove! But it does move! Galileo is supposed to have said this after being forced.
Musical notation - Musical notation Music notation is a system of writing for music. The term sheet music is used for written music to distinguish from audio recordings. In sheet music for ensembles, a score shows music for all players together, while parts contain only the music played by an individual musician. A score can be constructed (laboriously) from a complete set of parts and vice versa. Present day standard music notation is based on a five-line staff with symbols for each note showing pitch and duration. Pitch is shown using the diatonic scale, with accidentals to allow notes on the chromatic scale, and duration is shown in beats and fractions of a beat. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Standard notation described 1.1 Elements of the staff 1.2 Development.
Musical terminology - Musical terminology Below is a list of terms used in musical terminology which are likely to occur on printed or sheet music. Many of these terms have a Italian etymology, reinforcing the heritage of much music originating from Italy. In different countries, the terms you see below may be written in the language of that country. Terms The term accelerando is a directive for the musician to gradually increase the tempo. Adagio - slow. Adagietto - rather slow. Adagissimo - very slow Ad libitium the speed and manner are left to the performer, ad lib. Affrettando - hurrying, pressing onwards. Agitato - agitated. Alla Breve - indicates two minims in a bar, formerly four. The term appassionato (from Italian) tells the performer to play (or sing).
Jewish music - remote past, much as are to be perceived in the plain-song of the Catholic, the Byzantine, and the Armenian churches, as well as Hungarian, Gypsy, Persian and Arab sources. Cantorial and synagogue music The traditional mode of singing prayers in the synagogue is often known as hazzanut,, "the art of being a hazzan (cantor)". It is a style of florid melodious intonation which requires the exercise of vocal agility. It was introduced into Europe in the seventh century, then rapidly developed. The age of the various elements in synagogal song may be traced from the order in which the passages of the text were first introduced into the liturgy and were in turn regarded as so important as to demand special vocalization. This order closely agrees with that in which the.
Isaac Newton (in-depth biography) - a member of Trinity College on June 5, 1661, as a subsizar, and matriculated on July 8. We have little information as to his attainments there, and very little as to his studies as an undergraduate. It is known that while still at Woolsthorpe, he read Robert Sanderson's Compendium of Logic. His tutor found that he knew the material well enough to be excused from lectures on the subject. Newton tells us himself that, when he had purchased a book on astrology at Stourbridge fair, a fair held close to Cambridge, he was unable, on account of his ignorance of trigonometry, to understand a figure of the heavens which was drawn in this book. He therefore bought an English edition of Euclid with an index of propositions at the end of.
History of Bulgaria - vicissitudes of history. Of tremendous importance was the adoption of Christianity in 865. An oecumenical council in the second Bulgarian capital of Preslav voted in 893 to introduce a script, valid both for state and church, based on the spoken vernacular of the majority of the country's population - the language of the Bulgarian Slavs. Both acts were the doing of Prince Boris (852-889; d. in 907). At great expense of effort and bloodshed, not even sparing the first-born son, Prince Boris overcame the internal rejection of contemporary Bulgarian society and imposed Christianity as the official state religion. The adoption of Christianity was above all an important political act, aimed at bringing Bulgaria up to the level of the advanced states of the time. Having joined Bulgaria to the Eastern Orthodox.
Hip hop music - rise of the West Coast 3.5.3 East Coast-West Coast 3.6 Diversification of styles 3.6.4 Alternative hip hop and jazz 3.6.5 International hip hop 4 See also Origins of hip hop The roots of hip hop are in West African and African-American music. The griots of West Africa are a group of traveling singers and poets, whose musical style is reminiscent of hip hop. True hip hop arose during the 1970s when block parties became common in New York City, especially the Bronx. Block parties were usually accompanied by music, especially funk and soul music. The early DJs at block parties began isolating the percussion breaks to hit songs, realizing that these were the most dance-able and entertaining parts; this technique was then common in Jamaica (see dub music) and had spread.
Gallurese - of Sardinia including the town of Tempio Pausania (Tempiu). Grammatical structure, pronunciation and many terms reflect a certain nearness to Corsican (many similarities with the southern Corsican dialects of Sartene and Porto-Vecchio) with which it shared some mutual influences due to close relationships in 17th century, but many words come from the Sardo logudorese variety of Sardinian, which was spoken in this area in the Middle Ages. The Sassarese dialect also, spoken in Sassari's area, presents similar characteristics, even if is more linked to Sardo logudorese. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Typical constitutional elements of Gallurese 2 Gallurese and its supposed Corsican heritage 3 Hypothesis on Gallurese's development Typical constitutional elements of Gallurese the plural form of nouns in -i ("ghjanni or polti" [doors]) like in corsican and italian, and not.
George Frideric Handel - La Resurrezione and Il Trionfo del Tempo, were produced at Rome in 1709 and 1710, respectively. In 1710 Handel became Kapellmeister to George, elector of Hanover, afterward George I of the United Kingdom. He visited London in 1710 and settled there permanently in 1712, receiving a yearly income of £200 from Queen Anne. He was director of the Royal Academy of Music 1720-28, and a partner of J. J. Heidegger in the management of the King's Theatre 1729-34. Handel also had a long association with the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden, where many of his Italian operas were premiered. Handel gave up operatic management entirely in 1740, after he had lost a fortune in the business. In 1751 he became blind. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Handel's compositions include.
Giovanni Battista Martini - (April 24, 1706 - August 4, 1784), Italian musician, was born at Bologna. His father, Antonio Maria Martini, a violinist, taught him the elements of music and the violin; later he learned singing and harpsichord playing from Padre Pradieri, and counterpoint from Antonio Riccieri. Having received his education in classics from the fathers of the oratory of San Filippo Neri, he afterwards entered upon a noviciate at the Franciscan monastery at Lago, at the close of which he was received as a Minorite on September 11 1722. In 1725, though only nineteen years old, he received the appointment of chapel-master in the Franciscan church at Bologna, where his compositions attracted attention. At the invitation of amateurs and professional friends he opened a school of composition at which several celebrated musicians were.
Franz Schubert - and his school, in the Lichtenthal, was well attended. He was also a fair amateur musician, and transmitted his own measure of skill to his two elder sons, Ignaz and Ferdinand. At the age of five Schubert began to receive regular instruction from his father. At six he entered the Lichtenthal school where he spent some of the happiest years of his life. About the same time his musical education began. His father taught him the rudiments of the violin, his brother Ignaz the rudiments of the pianoforte. At seven, having outstripped these simple teachers, he was placed under the charge of Michael Holzer, the Kapellmeister of the Lichtenthal Church. Holzer's lessons seem to have consisted mainly in expressions of admiration, and the boy gained more from a friendly joiner's apprentice,.
Fugue - fugal process may yield various forms, it is not technically a form (although it is often referred to as such). Donald Tovey wrote that "Fugue is not so much a musical form as a musical texture," that can be introduced anywhere as a distinctive and recognizable technique, often to produce intensification in musical development. The word fugue comes from the Latin fuga (flight) and fugere (to flee). Variants include fughetta (a small fugue) and fugato (a work or section of a work resembling a fugue but not necessarily adhering to the rules of one). The adjectival form of fugue is fugal. (Johann Sebastian Bach's C-minor fugue from the Well Tempered Clavier I, in 3 voices) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Characteristics and anatomy of fugues 1.1 Double (Triple, Quadruple) fugue 2.
English plural - plural is formed by adding es (also pronounced as z with a neutral vowel sound or short i): glass glasses dish dishes witch witches Nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant also form their plurals by adding es: hero heroes potato potatoes volcano volcanoes Nouns of Italian or Spanish origin are exceptions to this rule: canto cantos grotto grottos piano pianos portico porticos quarto quartos solo solos Most nouns ending in f or fe form their plurals by changing the f into a v and adding es: calf calves half halves Some just add an s: proof proofs muff muffs Some can do either: dwarf dwarfs / dwarves hoof hoofs / hooves staff staffs / staves turf turfs / turves Dwarf is an interesting case: the common form of the.
Domenico Scarlatti - in Naples - July 23, 1757 in Madrid) was an Italian composer of baroque music. Suprisingly little is known about his life apart from legends and anecdotes. It is probable that Scarlatti first studied under his father, Alessandro Scarlatti, before becoming a pupil of Gaetano Greco. In 1704, he remodelled Pollaroli's Irene for performance at Naples. Soon after this his father sent him to Venice, where he studied under Gasparini, and met Thomas Roseingrave who would later lead the enthusiastic reception of the composer's sonatas in London. Domenico was already a harpsichord-player of eminence, and there is a story that at a trial of skill with George Friderich Handel at the palace of Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome he was adjudged perhaps superior to Handel on that instrument, although inferior on the.
Tempo - Tempo In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for "time") is the speed or pace of a given piece. The tempo of a piece will typically be written at the start of a piece of sheet music. In most popular forms of music the tempo is usually measured in beats per minute (BPM). Such a measurement is sometimes called a metronome mark, especially in classical music. Classical musicians also frequently use words to describe the tempo of a piece, sometimes on their own, sometimes with an additional metronome mark. Because many of the most important early composers in the renaissance period were Italian, that is the language typically used. Sometimes composers (or music publishers) will also use the tempo markings as the title of a piece of music, or.
Benvenuto Cellini - (November 1, 1500 - February 13, 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, painter, sculptor, soldier and musician of the Renaissance. He was born in Florence, where his family, originally landowners in the Val d'Ambra, had for three generations been settled. His father, Giovanni Cellini, was a musician and artificer of musical instruments; he married Maria Lisabetta Granacci, and eighteen years elapsed before they had any progeny. Benvenuto (meaning "Welcome") was the third child. The father destined him for the same profession as himself, and endeavoured to thwart his inclination for design and metal work. When he had reached the age of fifteen his youthful predilection had become too strong to be resisted, and his father reluctantly gave consent to his being apprenticed to a goldsmith, Antonio di Sandro, nicknamed Marcone. He had.
Bollywood - the Mumbai-based film industry in India. It is considered to be the largest in the world in terms of number of films produced. The films it produces are mostly in Hindi. They are generally lively, energetic musicals. Bollywood films often have their own sense of internal logic and can be as surreal as any musical produced by American or European studios. The music is generally pre-recorded, sung by a core group of singers, with actors miming the words (known as playback singing). Generally, professional playback singers provide the voices but of late there's a trend of the actors singing for themselves, like Aamir Khan in Ghulam. Bollywood films are often engaging spectacles that tell timeless stories of love and turmoil. Bollywood films usually feature caucasian looking indians (Aryan as opposed to.
Carl Maria von Weber - brother; and the whole family displayed exceptional talent for music. Weber suffered from ill health a great deal as a child, and suffered with congenital disease of the hip-joint. However, his family travelled a great deal in his early life, and although this did not help his health or result in a particularly good education, it did result in him becoming familiar with the stage, as he accompanied his father through his various musical posts. Weber's father hoped to see him develop into an infant prodigy, like his cousin Mozart, whose career was then approaching its end. In furtherance of this scheme, Weber was taught to sing and play the piano almost as soon as he could speak, though he was unable to walk until he was four years old. In.
