Jürgen Habermas - Jürgen Habermas Jürgen Habermas (born June 18, 1929 in Düsseldorf, Germany) is a philosopher and social theorist in the tradition of critical theory who has integrated into a comprehensive framework of social theory and philosophy the German philosophical thought of Kant, Schelling, Hegel, Dilthey, Husserl, and Gadamer, the Marxian tradition -- both the theory of Marx himself as well as the critical neo-Marxian theory of the Frankfurt School, i.e. Horkheimer, Adorno, and Marcuse --, the sociological theories of Weber, Durkheim, and Mead, the linguistic philosophy and speech act theories of Wittgenstein, Austin, and Searle, the American pragamatist tradition of Peirce and Dewey, and the sociological systems theory of Parsons. Habermas's work focuses on the foundations of social theory and epistemology, the analysis of advanced capitalist industrial society.
Jacques Derrida - work's relevance to science and analytic philosophy. Another philosopher who accepts his work as valid is Richard Rorty. In 1992 twenty philosophers including W. V. Quine and Ruth Barcan Marcus signed a letter to the University of Cambridge to protest its controversial award of an honorary doctorate to Derrida, maintaining that his work "does not meet accepted standards of clarity and rigor" and describing his philosophy as being composed of "tricks and gimmicks similar to those of the Dadaists." Derrida has had a significant influence on in the humanities, especially in literary theory and literary criticism, some of the social sciences, and among some feminist literary scholars. See also Deconstruction Derrida (film) continental philosophy post-structuralism External Links Jacques Derrida, Stanford Presidential Lectures in the Humanities and Arts Derrida: Online Jacques Derrida,.
Jean Piaget - Vygotsky's work. Originally a marine biologist, with a specialization in the molluscs of Lake Geneva, he embarked on his studies of developmental biology when he observed the way his infant daughters came to grips with and then mastered the world around them. Piaget's theories of psychological development have proved influential. Among others, the philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas has incorporated them into his work, most notably in The Theory of Communicative Action. Piaget also had a considerable impact in the field of computer science. Seymour Papert used Piaget's work while developping the Logo programming language. Alan Kay used Piaget's theories as the basis for the Dynabook programming system concept, which was first discussed within the confines of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, or Xerox PARC. These discussions led to.
June 18 - James Montgomery Flagg, illustrator († 1960) 1901 - Grand Duchess Anastasia, Russian imperial family († 1918) 1903 - Jeanette MacDonald, actress, singer († 1965) 1904 - Keye Luke, actor († 1991) 1908 - Bud Collyer, game show host († 1969) 1909 - Willi Kramp, writer († 1986) 1910 - E.G. Marshall, actor († 1998) 1913 - Sammy Cahn, composer († 1993) 1915 - Paul Neil "Red" Adair, fire fighter 1917 - Richard Bopone, actor († 1981) 1918 - Jerome Karle, crystallographer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry 1985 1918 - Franco Modigliani, economist, recipient of The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985 1924 - George Mikan, basketball star 1929 - Jürgen Habermas, sociologist and philosopher 1937 - Gail Godwin, author 1937 - Vitali.
Hans-Georg Gadamer - of Wilhelm Dilthey, and Martin Heidegger (with whom he studied). Gadamer is also noted for his debates with fellow philosopher Jürgen Habermas. He was born in Marburg, Germany, and died in Heidelberg, Germany. Quotes Nothing exists except through language. I basically only read books that are over 2,000 years old..
Herbert Marcuse - was the most explicitly political and left-wing member of the Frankfurt School, continuing to identify himself as a Marxist, a socialist, and a Hegelian. Marcuse's critiques of capitalist society (especially his 1955 synthesis of Marx and Freud, Eros and Civilization, and his 1964 book One-Dimensional Man) resonated with the concerns of the leftist student movement in the 1960s. Because of his willingness to speak at student protests, Herbert soon became known as "the father of the new left" (a term he disliked and rejected). He had many speaking engagements in the US and Europe in the late 1960s and in the 1970s. He died on July 29, 1979, after having suffered a stroke during a visit to Germany. Second-generation Frankfurt School theorist Jurgen Habermas cared for him during his final illness..
Heidelberg - J.W. Goethe once walked. The city is a vibrant mixture of tradition and modernity. In the past it has been a centre for both science and the arts and today this tradition is carried on with many research centres located in or around the city. Heidelberg is undoubtedly most famous for the University of Heidelberg. Among the prominent thinkers to have been associated with the University over the centuries are Hegel, the philosopher of hermeneutics Hans-Georg Gadamer, the critical theorist Jürgen Habermas, and the discourse philosopher Karl-Otto Apel. History Heidelberg was first mentioned in 1196. Its university, the oldest in Germany, was founded in 1386. City burned and castle partly destroyed by the French during the War of the Palatinate Succession 1693 Discovery of spectral analysis by Robert Bunsen and Kirchhoff.
Hermeneutics - texts will reveal something about the social context in which they were formed, but, more significantly, provide the reader with a means to share the experiences of the author. Among the key advocates of this approach are Wilhelm Dilthey, a historian and philosopher; the sociologist Max Weber; the philosopher Martin Heidegger; and the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer. Although Jurgen Habermas attacked the principles of hermeneutics and advocated critical theory as an alternative, Paul Ricoeur has attempted to reconcile and synthesize these two opposing traditions. A hermeneutic approach might look beyond the clear text written on the page; a hermeneutic approach might look into why the author was driven to write the text on the page. Heidegger, for example, took a hermeneutic approach to metaphysics in bypassing the text of metaphysical treatises to.
University of Heidelberg - the opening of the doors of the university. As a motto for the seal, Marsilius von Inghen, the first Rector of the university chose "Semper apertus" - the book of learning is always open. At this point in time the city of Heidelberg could not have had more than 3500 inhabitants and in the first year of existence the university had almost 600 enrolled. On October 19, 1386 the first lecture was held. The university's official title is Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg. Among the prominent thinkers to have been associated with the university are Georg Hegel, the existentialist philosopher-psychologist Karl Jaspers, the political theorist Hannah Arendt, the philosopher of hermeneutics Hans-Georg Gadamer, the critical theorist and philosopher Jürgen Habermas, and the philosopher of discourse ethics Karl-Otto Apel. See also: Mediaeval university.
Frankfurt School - in the method itself, but in its intention in the historical process." And this intention must be toward integral freedom and happiness: "the only philosophy which can be responsibly practiced in face of despair is the attempt to contemplate all things as they would present themselves from the standpoint of redemption". How far from orthodox Marxism is Adorno's conclusion: "But beside the demand thus placed on thought, the question of the reality or unreality of redemption itself hardly matters." From these thoughts it was but a short step to the third phase of the Frankfurt School, which coincided with the postwar period, particularly from the early 1950s to the middle 1960s. With the growth of advanced industrial society under Cold War conditions, the critical theorists recognized that the structure of capitalism.
Ethnic group - another nation-state. Such identity often expresses itself through various "traditions" which, although often of recent invention, appeal to some notion of the past. Sometimes ethnic groups are subject to prejudicial attitudes and actions by the state or its constituents. In the twentieth century, people began to argue that conflicts among ethnic groups or between members of an ethnic group and the state can and should be resolved in one of two ways. Some, like Jurgen Habermas and Bruce Barry, have argued that the legitimacy of modern states must be based on a notion of political rights of autonomous individual subjects. According to this view the state ought not to acknowledge ethnic, national or racial identity and should instead enforce political and legal equality of all individuals. Others, like Charles Taylor and.
Carlos Santiago Nino - assistant to President Raúl Alfonsín and as coordinator of his newly created "Consejo para la consolidación de la democracia", an ad hoc committee for constitutional reform. His theoretical activities, however, were not forgotten: in 1984 he published his monumental Ética y derechos humanos (Buenos Aires; English revised translation, The Ethics of Human Rights, Oxford, 1991), dedicated to Alfonsín, where he provided a comprehensive exposition of his moral thought; divided in three parts, it dealt with normative and applied ethics, as well as with meta-ethics. This last field he expanded in a separate volume (El constructivismo ético, Madrid, 1989), where he adopted a constructivist approach that attempted to derive his fundamental ethical principles from the presuppositions of moral discourse, in a manner that put him, as he said, "between Ralws and Habermas"..
Critical theory - rehabilitate through such a philosophically critical approach an orientation toward revolutionary agency, or at least its possibility, at a time when it seemed in decline. Second, in the context of both Marxist-Leninist and Social-Democratic orthodoxy, which emphasized Marxism as a new kind of positive science, they were linking up with the implicit epistemology of Karl Marx's work, which presented itself as critique, as in Marx's "Capital: a critique of political economy", wanting to emphasize that Marx was attempting to create a new kind of critical analysis oriented toward the unity of theory and revolutionary practice rather than a new kind of positive science. In the 1960s, Jürgen Habermas raised the epistemological discussion to a new level in his "Knowledge and Human Interests", by identifying critical knowledge as based on principles that.
Truth - the relation denoted by the predicate F. Tarski's semantic conception of truth plays an important role in modern logic and also in much contemporary philosophy of language. It is rather controversial matter whether Tarski's semantic theory should be counted as either a correspondence theory or as a deflationary theory. Tarski himself seems to have intended his account to be a refinement of the classical correspondence theory. The Epistemic Conception of Truth Coherence Theory Another conception of truth that differs drastically from the previous conceptions (the correspondence theory, the deflationary theories and Tarski's semantic conception) is the Epistemic Conception of Truth. Our first example of this is called Coherence Theory. This conception of truth is associated with the Idealist school of philosophers, such as Hegel and so on. The coherence theory offers.
Politics - As well being influenced by these weighty matters, politics is also a social activity, and as such it is subject to the whims of fashion as any other. Political science Political scientists are academics who research the conduct of politics. They look at elections, public opinion, institutional activities (how legislatures act, the relative importance of various sources of political power etc), the ideologies behind various politicians and political organisations, how politicians achieve and wield their influence, and so on. Political Systems and Ideologies Anarchism -- Anarcho-capitalism -- anarcho-communism -- anti-communism -- authoritarianism -- Capitalism -- classical liberalism -- Communism -- Conservatism -- Corporatocracy -- Democracy -- democratic socialism -- Green -- Fascism -- Federalism -- leftism -- Liberalism -- Libertarianism -- Libertarian socialism --Marxism -- Meritocracy -- Minarchism -- Nationalism --.
Post-structuralism - these principles to other fields of study: the psychoanalyst Lacan, the philosopher Louis Althusser, and the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss. Note: structuralism is in many ways opposed to humanism, because it privileges structures and systems over the specific parts of these systems (e.g. actual humans). Note: structuralism requires some space between the system and the person studying the system -- in other words, structuralism is a way of studying structures objectively. Post-structuralists are quite simply all people who take structuralism very seriously and recognize its importance, yet on some level profoundly disagree with or even actively reject it. This ambivalence echoes a deeper ambivalence towards the whole Enlightenment project. Like Kant and his contemporaries and successors, they believe in the importance of critical thinking (the philosopher Jürgen Habermas is probably the most.
Prince of Asturias Awards - 1981. A sculpture expressly created by Catalan sculptor Joan Miró is presented to the yearly recipients. The winners of the 2003 awards are: Arts: Miquel Barceló Communications and Humanities: Ryszard Kapuscinski and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino International Cooperation: Luís Inácio Lula da Silva Letters: Fatema Mernissi and Susan Sontag Social Sciences: Jürgen Habermas Sports: The Tour de France Technical and Scientific Research: Jane Goodall Concord: J. K. Rowling.
Zoran Djindjic - to establish a non-communist student organisation. Released from jail, he continued his studies in Germany under Jürgen Habermas in Frankfurt. In 1979 he obtained a PhD in philosophy from the university of Konstanz. In 1989 Djindjic returned to Yugoslavia to take up a teaching post at Novi Sad University, and together with other Serb dissidents founded the Democratic Party. He became Chairman of the Executive Board of the party in 1990, and was elected to the Serb Parliament in the same year. After a massive series of public protests about rigged elections, Djindjic became Mayor of Belgrade in 1996 - the first non-communist mayor to hold that post since the Second World War. He played a prominent role in the Yugoslav Presidential elections of September 2000 and in the October uprising.
Niklas Luhmann - in 1997. Luhmann wrote prolifically, with more than three dozen books published on a variety of subjects, including law, economy, politics, art, religion, ecology, mass media, and love. While his theories have yet to make much of a mark in American sociology, his theory is currently regnant in German sociology, and has also been rather intensively received in Japan and Eastern Europe, including Russia. His relatively low profile elsewhere is partly due to the fact that his style makes translations a difficult task, being a challenge even to German readers, including many sociologists. Luhmann is probably best-known to North Americans for his debate with the critical theorist Jürgen Habermas over the potential of social systems theory. Like his one-time mentor Parsons, Luhmann is an advocate of the "grand theory", aiming to.
Max Horkheimer - School of critical theory. He was born in Stuttgart and died in Nürnberg. Horkheimer (front left) and Adorno (front right); Juergen Habermas in back, right. Heidelberg, 1965..
