J.C.R. Licklider - J.C.R. Licklider Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (March 11, 1915 - June 26, 1990), known simply as J.C.R., was one of the most important figures in computer science and general computing history. He is probably best known as the father of artificial intelligence but was also an important figure in conceptualizing modern computer interaction concepts and the development of time-sharing and the modern Internet. Licklider was also a colleague of Douglas Engelbart, who was head of the Stanford Research Institute and its highly influential OnLine System. In 1950, Licklider moved from Harvard University to MIT where he got his first credible computing experiences. He worked on a Cold War project known as SAGE designed to create computer-based air defense systems. In 1960, Licklider wrote his famous paper.
ARPANET - can be used to post letters to different destinations), but each packet could be routed independently of other packets. This was a big breakthrough. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Background of the ARPANET 2 The ARPANET and nuclear attacks 3 Origins of the ARPANET 4 Creation of the ARPANET 5 Initial ARPANET Deployment 6 Retrospective 7 SeeAlso 8 Further Reading 9 External Links Background of the ARPANET The earliest ideas of a computer network intended to allow general communication between users of various computers was formulated by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962, in a series of memos discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. These ideas contained almost everything that the Internet is today. In October 1962 Licklider was appointed head of the Behavioral Sciences and Command and Control programs at.
Timeline of computing 1950-1979 - much smaller computers. More powerful, the second generation of computers could handle compilers for languages such as FORTRAN (for science) or COBOL (for business), that accepting English-like commands, and so were much more flexible in their applications. 1959 COBOL (COmmon Business-Orientated Language) developed by Grace Murray Hopper as the successor to FLOW-MATIC, finished in 1961. 1959 Minsk mainframe computer development and production started in the USSR. Stopped in 1975. 1960 Algol - first structured, procedural, programming language to be released. 1960 Compiler compiler - The first compiler compiler is released. 1960 Tandy Corporation founded by Charles Tandy. 1961 APL programming language released by Kenneth Iverson at IBM. 1962 ATLAS is completed by the University of Manchester team. This machine introduced many modern architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory.
Project MAC - Project MAC's original director was Robert Fano. The program manager responsible for the DARPA grant was J.C.R. Licklider, who had previously been at MIT and would later succeed Fano as director of Project MAC. Project MAC was principally funded by DARPA and the National Science Foundation. Project MAC's founders -- Fano, Fernando J. Corbato, John McCarthy, and Marvin Minsky, among others -- envisioned the creation of a "computer utility", which would be as reliable as source of computational power as the electric utility was a source of electrical power. To this end, Corbató brought the first computer time-sharing system, CTSS, with him from the MIT Computation Center, using the DARPA funding to purchase an IBM 7094 for research use. One of the early focuses of Project MAC would be the development.
Project Genie - in 1964 at the University of California, Berkeley. Project Genie was formed by J.C.R. Licklider, the head of DARPA at that time, as a smaller counterpart to MIT's Project MAC. Project Genie pioneered several computer hardware techniques, such as being the first commercial time-sharing system which allowed end-user programming in machine language. Project Genie also pioneered the use of separated protected user modes, memory paging, and protected memory. Concepts from Project Genie influenced the development of the TENEX operating system for the PDP-10 and Unix (Unix co-creator Ken Thompson worked on an SDS 940 while at Berkeley). The SDS 940 mainframe would be used as the hardware for Douglas Engelbart's OnLine System at the Stanford Research Institute. Project Genie was conducted by Professor Robert Evans; notable students that participated in the.
List of computer scientists - Hellman John Hennessy - Computer architecture Danny Hillis - Connection Machine Geoffrey Hinton C. A. R. Hoare - Logic, rigor Hermann Hollerith Douglas Hofstadter - wrote Godel, Escher, Bach, Artificial intellegence Herman Hollerith - Developed the first punch card machines for a forerunner of IBM John Hopcroft - Compilers Admiral Grace Hopper - Compilers, COBOL Berthold K.P. Horn Ellis Horowitz Alston Householder Paul Hudak David A. Huffman - Huffman code I Kenneth Iverson - APL J David B. Johnson David S. Johnson Steven C. Johnson Michael I. Jordan K William Kahan Bob Kahn Avinash Kak Alan Kay - Dynabook, Smalltalk Richard Karp - NP completeness Brian Kernighan - Unix Donald Knuth - The Art of Computer Programming, TeX, Literate programming Andrew Koenig - C++ Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov Robert Kowalski Thomas E..
List of people known as the father or mother of something - logic Sigmund Freud - The father of psychoanalysis Galileo Galilei - the father of modern astronomy Galileo Galilei - the father of the Scientific method Gandhi - father of the nation (India) Gorgias - the father of systematic study of rhetoric James Gosling - the father of Java programming language Ben Graham - The father of Modern Security Analysis Thomas Graham - The father of colloid chemistry David Wark Griffith - the father of film grammar WC Handy - The father of the blues Ben Harney - the father of ragtime Joseph Haydn - the father of the modern orchestra Herodotus - the father of history Hippocrates - the father of medicine James Hutton - the father of modern geology Fredrick Jahn - the father of gymnastics Bill James - the.
