J. H. van 't Hoff - J. H. van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist, the winner of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Rotterdam, the son of a medical doctor. From a young age he was interested in science, and against the wishes of his father he went to study chemistry, first at the Delft Polytechnical Institute, then at the University of Leiden, then to Bonn, Germany (where he studied with Friedrich Kekulé), then Paris (where he studied with C. A. Wurtz), and finally receiving his doctorate at the University of Utrecht in 1874. Before receiving his doctorate, however, Van 't Hoff already published the first of his important contributions to organic.
Svante Arrhenius - was his explanation of the fact that neither pure salts nor pure water conducts electricity, but solutions of salts in water do. Arrhenius' explanation was that in forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles (which Michael Faraday had given the name ions many years earlier). Faraday's belief had been that ions were produced in the process of electrolysis; Arrhenius proposed that, even in the absence of an electric current, solutions of salts contained ions. He thus proposed that chemical reactions in solution were reactions between ions. For weak electrolytes this is still believed the case, but modifications (by Peter J. W. Debye and Erich Hückel) were found necessary to account for the behavior of strong electrolytes. The dissertation was not very impressive to the professors at Uppsala, but Arrhenius.
1901 - January 22 - Edward VII becomes King after his mother, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, dies. February 20 - The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time. February 25 - J.P. Morgan incorporates the United States Steel Corporation. March 2 - The United States Congress passes the Platt amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops. March 6 - In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany. March 17 - A showing of 71 Vincent van Gogh paintings in Paris, 11 years after his death, creates a sensation. April 25 - New York state becomes the first to require automobile license plates. May 9 - Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne. May 27 - In New Jersey,.
1901 in science - Mathematics Élie Cartan develops the exterior derivative. Photography Kodak introduced the 120 film. Physics Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland. Awards First Nobel Prizes awarded Nobel Prize for Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Nobel Prize for Chemistry: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Nobel Prize for Medicine: Emil Adolf von Behring Wollaston Medal for Geology: Charles Barrois Births February 28 - Linus Pauling, chemist, Nobel Prize winner for chemistry and peace September 29 - Enrico Fermi, physicist December 5 - Werner Heisenberg, physicist December 16 - Margaret Mead, anthropologist Deaths February 22 - George Francis FitzGerald, mathematician.
Amedeo Avogadro - very last moment by the concession of Charles Albert's statute. Some doubts however remain, considering the very little amount of evidence. Avogadro held public posts in statistics, meteorology, and weights and measures (he introduced decimal metric system in Piedmont) and was a member of the Royal Superior Council on Public Instruction. The scientific society didn't reserve a great attention at this theory, so Avogadro's hypothesis wasn't immediately accepted when announced. André-Marie Ampère too was able three years later to achieve the same result by another method (in his Sur la détermination des proportions dans lesquelles les corps se combinent d'après le nombre et la disposition respective des molécules dont leurs particules intégrantes sont composées), but the same indifferent regard was given to his theories as well. Only with the studies by.
Caldecott Medal - on the High Wire by Emily Arnold McCully 1992: Tuesday by David Wiesner 1991: Black and White by David Macaulay 1990: Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China by Ed Young 1989: Song and Dance Man, illustrated by Stephen Gammell 1988: Owl Moon, illustrated by John Schoenherr 1987: Hey, Al, illustrated by Richard Egielski 1986: The Polar Express by Chris Van Allsburg 1985: George and the Dragon, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman 1984: The Glorious Flight: Across the Channel with Louis Bleriot by Alice & Martin Provensen 1983: Shadow, translated and illustrated by Marcia Brown 1982: Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg 1981: Fables by Arnold Lobel 1980: Ox-Cart Man, illustrated by Barbara Cooney 1979: The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble 1978: Noah's Ark by Peter Spier.
Timeline of biology and organic chemistry - - Claudius Galen wrote numerous treatises on human anatomy. c. 1010 - Avicenna (Ibn Sina or Abu Ali al Hussein ibn Abdallah) published his Canon of Medicine (Kitab al-Qanun fi al-tibb). 1628 - William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals 1658 - Jan Swammerdam observes red blood cells under a microscope. 1663 - Robert Hooke sees cells in cork using a microscope. 1668 - Francesco Redi disproves theories of the spontaneous generation of maggots in putrefying matter. 1676 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes protozoa and calls them animalcules. 1677 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes spermatozoa. 1683 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes bacteria. 1765 - Lazzaro Spallanzani disproves many theories of the spontaneous generation of cellular life. 1771 - Joseph Priestley discovers that.
Physical chemistry - and spectroscopy. Physical chemistry is also fundamental to modern materials science. Important physical chemists Peter Debye J.W. Gibbs J.H. van 't Hoff B. Težak Linus Pauling Literature Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, 1978, Oxford University Press Introduction to Modern Colloid Science, R.J. Hunter, 1993, Oxford University Press Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, P.C. Hiemenz, R. Rajagopalan, 1997, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
Phelsuma - feed on various kinds of insects and other invertebrates. They also like to eat nectar, pollen and soft, ripe and sweet fruits such as bananas. Two Phelsuma species (Phelsuma gigas and Phelsuma edwardnewtoni) are now considered to be extinct, probably because of destruction of their environment by human settlers and their domestic animals. Many day gecko species are endangered today because more and more of their habitat, such as (rain) forest, is being destroyed on Madagascar and other islands. Classification of the genus Phelsuma GRAY 1825 The genus Phelsuma was first described by the British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1825 and named after the Dutch physician Murk van Phelsum. The genus consists of about 70 known species and subspecies: Phelsuma abbotti Phelsuma abbotti abbotti (Aldabra Island day gecko) Phelsuma abbotti.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Chemistry, listed by year of award in ascending order. 1901 Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions 1902 Hermann Emil Fischer for his work on sugar and purine syntheses 1903 Svante August Arrhenius for his electrolytic theory of dissociation (see ion) 1904 Sir William Ramsay for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air 1905 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds 1906 Henri Moissan for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace called after him 1907 Eduard Buchner for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation 1908 Ernest Rutherford for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry.
List of chemists - 18th century chemist, discovered numerous elements Glenn T. Seaborg, (1912-1999), atomic physicist Nils Gabriel Sefström, (1787-1845), chemist Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Israel Shahak, (1933-2001) K. Barry Sharpless. (1941- ) 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry S.P.L. Sørensen, (1868-1939), Danish chemist Frederick Soddy, (1877-1956), British chemist Branko Stanovnik, (born 1938), chemist. Alfred Stock, (1876-1946) Theodor Svedberg, (1884-1971) Gilbert Stork T Miha Tisler, (born 1926), chemist. U Harold C. Urey, (1893-1981), 1934 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. V J. H. van 't Hoff, (1852-1911), August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911), Dutch physical chemist, 1901 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, (1895-1973), –- chemist, Nobel Prize laureate W Johannes Diderik van der Waals, (1837-1923) John Ernest Walker Alfred Werner, (1866-1919), 1913 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Harvey W. Wiley,.
List of Dutch people - 8 Science and technology 8.8 Before 20th Century 8.9 20th Century 9 Sport Art Architecture Hendrik Petrus Berlage, (1856-1934), architect Willem Marinus Dudok, (1884-1974), architect Aldo van Eyck, (1918-1999), architect Rem Koolhaas, (born 1944), architect Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud, (1890-1963), architect Gerrit Rietveld, (1888-1964), architect Movies Jan de Bont, cameraman, director Rutger Hauer, (born 1944), actor Jeroen Krabbé, (born dec. 5th, 1944), actor, director Johanna ter Steege (born 1961), actress Monique van der Ven, actress Paul Verhoeven, (born 1938), director Music Jan Akkerman, guitar player Elly Ameling, singer classical music Louis Andriessen, (1939-), composer Willem Breuker, (born 1944), jazz musician Herman Brood, (1946-2001), rock musician and artist Christina Deutekom, singer classical music Alphons Diepenbrock, composer Candy Dulfer, saxophone player Golden Earring, rock band Otto Ketting, composer Herman Krebbers, violinist Theo Olof,.
List of chemistry topics - -- Diaspore -- Diatomite -- diffusion pump -- Diopside -- Diorite -- Dipole -- Discovery of the chemical elements -- Distillation -- Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev -- Dmitrii Mendeleev -- Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev -- Dolomite -- Donald J. Cram -- Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin -- Dubnium -- Dudley R. Herschbach -- Dysprosium -- E Eduard Buchner -- Edwin Mattison McMillan -- Einsteinium -- Electrical conductivity -- electricity -- Electrochemical cell -- Electrochemistry -- electrode -- Electrode potential -- electrolysis -- Electrolyte -- Electrolytic cell -- electromagnetic spectroscopy -- electron -- electron capture -- Electron configuration -- electron shell -- electron volt -- Electronegativity -- Electrophile -- Element -- Elements song -- Elias James Corey -- Emerald -- Emil Hermann Fischer -- Emil Knoevenagel -- emulsion -- energy level -- Enthalpy -- Entropy --.
List of Governors of Vermont - (Democratic-Republican) 1823-1826 Ezra Butler (National Republican) 1826-1828 Samuel C. Crafts (National Republican) 1828-1831 William A. Palmer (Anti-Masonic) 1831-1835 Silas H. Jennison (Whig) 1835-1841 Charles Paine (Whig) 1841-1843 John Mattocks (Whig) 1843-1844 William Slade (Whig) 1844-1846 Horace Eaton (Whig) 1846-1848 Carlos Coolidge (Whig) 1848-1850 Charles K. Williams (Whig) 1850-1852 Erastus Fairbanks (Whig) 1852-1853 John S. Robinson (Democratic) 1853-1854 Stephen Royce (Republican) 1854-1856 Ryland Fletcher (Republican) 1856-1858 Hiland Hall (Republican) 1858-1860 Erastus Fairbanks (Republican) 1860-1861 Frederick Holbrook (Republican) 1861-1863 J. Gregory Smith (Republican) 1863-1865 Paul Dillingham (Republican) 1865-1867 John B. Page (Republican) 1867-1869 Peter T. Washburn (Republican) 1869-1870 George W. Hendee (Republican) 1870 John W. Stewart (Republican) 1870-1872 Julius Converse (Republican) 1872-1874 Asahel Peck (Republican) 1874-1876 Horace Fairbanks (Republican) 1876-1878 Redfield Proctor (Republican) 1878-1880 Roswell Farnham (Republican) 1880-1882 John L. Barstow (Republican) 1882-1884.
List of people by name: Va - Matija, (1831-1897), Slovene poet Vallabhacarya, (died 1531), Hindu spiritual leader Valle, Raimondo Vallee, Rudy, (1901-1986), US singer, actor Vallejo, Cesar (1892-1938), Peruvian poet Vallejos, Fabiana (born 1985), Argentine women's soccer player Vallières, Pierre, author, political activist Valli, Frankie, (born 1937), singer Vallotton, Felix, (1865 - 1925), Swiss painter trained in France Valo, Ville, (b. 1976), Finnish musician Dame Valois, Dame Ninette de (1898-2001), Irish founder London Royal Ballet Valvano, Jim, (b. 1946), college basketball coach Valvasor, Janez Vajkard, (1641-1693), Slovene polymath Valéry, Paul (1871-1945), French author, poet Vampira, (born 1921), US actress Vamvakaris, Markos, (1905 -1972), Greek musician Van Allen, James, (born 1914), US astronomer Van Asbroeck, Paul, marksman Van Buren, Martin (1782-1862), US President van Basten, Marco (b.1964 ), Dutch footballer Van Benga, Colin, comedian Van, Bobby, (1928-1980), singer Van.
List of Lunar craters - Senior Theophilus Theophrastus Thiel Thiessen Thomson Tikhomirov Tikhov Tiling Timaeus Timiryazev Timocharis Tiselius Tisserand Titius Titov Tolansky Tolstoy Torricelli Toscanelli Townley Tralles Triesnecker Trouvelot Trumpler Tsander (Zander) Tseraskiy (Ceraski) Tsinger (Zinger) Tsiolkovskiy Tsu Chung-Chi Tucker Turner Tycho Tyndall U Ukert Ulugh Beigh Undest Urey V Väisälä Valier (after Max Valier, German rocket pioneer) van Albada Van BiesBroeck Van de Graaff Van den Bergh van den Bos Van der Waals Van Gent Van Maanen van Rhijn Van Vleck Van Wijk van't Hoff Vasco da Gama Vashakidze Vavilov Vega Vendelinus Vening Meinesz Ventris Vera Vergil Vernadskiy Verne Vertregt Very Vesalius Vestine Vetchinkin Vieta Vil'ev Vinogradov Virchow Virtanen Vitello Vitruvius Viviani Vlacq Vogel Volkov Volta Voltaire Volterra von Behring von Békésy von Braun (after Wenher von Braun, German rocket pioneer) Von der Pahlen Von.
Kees van Dongen - Kees van Dongen Kees van Dongen (January 26, 1877 - May 28, 1968), was a Dutch painter born in Delfshaven. He was one of Les Fauves, who lived and worked in France most of his life, and died in Monte Carlo in 1968..
Kill Van Kull - Kill Van Kull The Kill Van Kull is a tidal strait approximately 3 miles long and 1000 feet wide separating Staten Island and Bayonne, New Jersey. The name kill comes from an old Dutch word for "water channel" It connects Upper New York Bay with Newark Bay. Historically it has been one of the most important channels in commerce throughout the region, providing a passage for marine traffic between Manhattan and the industrial towns of New Jersey. It currently provides the principal access for ocean-going container ships to Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, which together are the busiest port facility in the eastern United States and the principal marine terminal for New York Harbor. The strait is spanned by the Bayonne Bridge..
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen - Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen The Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) is an organisation dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Leeuwenhoek Medal in microbiology. It was founded as the Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten (Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts) by Lodewijk Napoleon on May 4, 1808 and renamed in 1816 to Koninklijk-Nederlandsch Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten. In 1851 it was disbanded and reestablished as the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen and in 1938 acquired its present name. External Link KNAW website.
Jan van Goyen - Jan van Goyen Jan van Goyen (January 13, 1596 - 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. Biography Like many Dutch painters of his time, Jan van Goyen studied art in the town of Haarlem. At age 35, he established a permanent studio at Den Haag (The Hague). Typically, a Dutch painter of the 17th century (also known as the Dutch Golden Age) will fall into one of four categories, a painter of portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, or genre. Dutch painting was highly specialized and rarely could an artist hope to achieve greatness in more than one area in a lifetime of painting. Jan van Goyen would be classified primarily as a landscape artist with an eye for the genre subjects of everyday life. He painted many of the.
