JOSS programming language - JOSS programming language JOSS (The JOHNNIAC Open Shop System) was developed by J.C. (Cliff) Shaw at RAND Corporation to allows users to use a computer interactively. JOSS enabled up to twelve people to share the computer simultaneously. This made it one of the first time-sharing systems to become available. JOSS was still available for use during the first half of the 1970s on IBM System/360 systems..
Timeline of programming languages - Timeline of programming languages This is a chronological list of programming languages. See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 pre 1950 2 1950 3 1960 4 1970 5 1980 6 1990 7 2000 pre 1950 Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- Developer, Company * 1840~ FIRST PROGRAM -- Lovelace * 1945 Plankalkül -- Zuse 1950 * 1952 A-0 -- Hopper 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus 1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 * 1959 LISP McCarthy.
Non-English-based programming languages - Non-English-based programming languages Most well known, and popular programming languages use English vocabulary as their keywords. There are several categories of programming languages that do not: Programming languages that were created in a different language Versions of programming languages that were translated to other languages Programming languages that do not use any natural language keywords Many of the category '2' languages are being developed in order to teach programming to young children who don't speak English. Some people argue that young children with no knowledge of English would regard the programming language just as a set of keywords, and would learn a bit of English as a by-product. In 1968 Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the FOCAL language, created by Richard Merrill and derived from JOSS. FOCAL keywords were originally.
List of esoteric programming languages - List of esoteric programming languages The following is a list of esoteric programming languages and lesser-known programming languages: 23 4DL, a Befunge descendant ACS, a scripting language used in Hexen and modern Doom ports ADL, the Adventure Definition Language ADVSYS AKI (AvtoKod Ingenera, "engineer's autocode") for Minsk family of computers Ale ALPACA, a meta-language for programming arbitrary cellular automata ARCAL, a language for cellular automata Aura, a Brainfuck descendant B B5 BAK BANCStar BCPL BDAMD Beatnik Befunge beta-Juliet BFM, a Brainfuck variant with macros Blank Bloop Bon programming language Boo-yah Borg Brainfuck, designed to have the smallest compiler ever Bub, a Brainfuck variant Bubble Bullfrog C- Chef Choon COBOLscript Color Forth COMAL Condit COW CUPL Dis, a variant of Malbolge Doublefuck, an extended version of Brainfuck ETA FALSE.
List of atheists - one of the most popular orators in late 19th century America, speaking in favor of atheism in every part of the country before large crowds. Paul Kurtz - philosopher and founder of Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), the Council for Secular Humanism Karl Marx - philosopher and sociologist. Founder of Marxist political and economic philosophy. His famous formulation was: "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people." John McCarthy - AI researcher and inventor of Lisp programming language Henry Louis Mencken - journalist and social critic. Madalyn Murray O'Hair Founder of American Atheists; filed the lawsuit that led the US Supreme Court to ban teacher-led prayer.
Kid programming language - Kid programming language Kid is a kernel language for Id. A refinement of P-TAC, used as an intermediate language for Id. Lambda-calculus with first-class let-blocks and I-structures. Reference "A Syntactic Approach to Program Transformations", Z. Ariola et. al., SIGPLAN Notices 26(9):116-129 (Sept 1991). This article was originally based on content from FOLDOC, used with permission. Update as needed..
Kvikkalkul programming language - Kvikkalkul programming language Kvikkalkul is a computer programming language ostensibly developed by the Swedish Navy in the 1950s and used on the SABINA computer. It came to fame in 1994 when someone made an anonymous post to usenet regarding it. Probably not a real language, but a joke; like INTERCAL in that respect..
J programming language - J programming language The J programming language, developed in the early 90's by Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and FP, the functional programming language created by John Backus (of Fortran, Algol, and BNF fame). To avoid the problems faced by the special character set of APL, J requires only the basic ASCII character set, resorting to the use of dot and colon characters to extend the meaning of the basic characters available. J is a very terse and powerful language, and is often found to be useful for math programming, especially when performing operations on matrices. It also offers a flexible namespace scheme ("locales") which can be used as a framework for OOP. Since J has no explicit.
J Sharp programming language - J Sharp programming language The J# (pronounced Jay Sharp) programming language is a transitional language for programmers of Sun’s Java and Microsoft’s J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge, and applications on Microsoft’s .NET platform. As with J++, it only supports a limited set of Java’s features..
Java programming language - Java programming language The Java language is an object-oriented programming language created by James Gosling and other engineers at Sun Microsystems. It was developed in 1991, as part of the Green Project, and officially announced on May 23, 1995, at SunWorld; being released in November. Gosling and friends initially designed Java, which was called Oak at first (in honour of a tree outside Gosling's office), to replace C++ (although the feature set better resembles that of Objective C). More on the history of Java can be found in the article about the Java platform, which includes the language, the Java virtual machine, and the Java API. Sun controls the Java specification and holds a trademark on the Java name. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 1.1 Object.
Jess programming language - Jess programming language Jess, an acronym for Java Expert System Shell, is a superset of CLIPS programming language, developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Labs. It was first written in late 1995. It provides rule-based programming suitable for automating an expert system, and is often referred to as an expert system shell. In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar capability. Rather than a procedural paradigm, where a single program has a loop that is activated only one time, the declarative paradigm used by Jess matches a rule with a single fact specified as its input and processes that fact as its output. When the program is run, the rules engine will activate one for each matching fact. Jess can.
Visual Basic for Applications programming language - Visual Basic for Applications programming language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is an implementation of Microsoft's Visual Basic which is built into all Microsoft Office applications, some other Microsoft applications such as Visio and is at least partially implemented in some other applications such as AutoCAD and WordPerfect. It supersedes and expands on the capabilities of earlier application-specific macro programming languages such as Word's WordBasic, and can be used to control almost all aspects of the host application, including manipulating user interface features such as menus and toolbars and working with custom user forms or dialog boxes. As its name suggests, VBA is closely related to Visual Basic, but can normally only run code from within a host application rather than as a standalone program. It can however be.
Joy programming language - Joy programming language Stub - please refine. Manfred von Thun of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia has produced and is refining a functional programming language called Joy based on composition of functions rather than lambda calculus. It has turned out to have many similarities to Forth, due less to design than to a sort of parallel evolution and convergence. For more comprehensive information, see http://www.latrobe.edu.au/philosophy/phimvt/joy.html and http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?JoyOfJoy.
JOVIAL programming language - JOVIAL programming language JOVIAL is a computer programming language similar to Algol, but specialized for the development of embedded systems. JOVIAL stands for "Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language." It was developed to write software for the electronics of military aircraft. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the U.S. military adopted a standardized CPU, the 1750A, and JOVIAL normally produces programs for that processor. JOVIAL is MIL-STD-1589, and is still widely used to update and maintain software on older, obsolescent military vehicles and aircraft. There are three dialects in common use: J3, J3B-2, and J73. As of 2003, JOVIAL is still actively maintained and distributed by the USAF JOVIAL Integrated Tool Set (ITS) Program Office. The program office helps organizations reuse their old, reliable.
Jython programming language - Jython programming language Jython is a version of Python that's written in Java and that runs in the Java environment. Jython programs can seamlessly import and use any Java class. Except for some standard modules, Jython programs use Java classes instead of Python modules. For example, a user interface in Jython would be written with Swing or AWT, rather than with Tkinter. For more on Jython, go to http://www.jython.org/..
IBASIC programming language - IBASIC programming language IBasic is a programming language, which is (or can be) designed to be both easy to learn, yet still provide the advanced features required by an experienced programmers. IBasic is available only for Microsoft Windows and is unique for the level of access it provides for the operating system. Features include: Integrated Development Environment Produces small, standalone executables Simple BASIC syntax similar to QBASIC's C style constants and structure support Easily create Windows and Dialogs Direct X support Access to any DLLs.
Icon programming language - Icon programming language The Icon programming language is a high level language with goal directed execution features and good facilities for managing strings and structures; it has inherited properties from SNOBOL (a string processing language). The definitive work is The Icon Programming Language (third edition) by Griswold and Griswold, ISBN 1-57398-001-3. The programming language Unicon descended from Icon. External Links http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/index.htm.
INTERCAL programming language - INTERCAL programming language INTERCAL is a programming language parody. It is said by the authors to stand for "Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym". INTERCAL was perpetrated by Don Woods and James Lyons, two Princeton University students, in 1972 and is purposely different from all other computer languages in all ways but one; it is purely a written language, being totally unspeakable. An excerpt from the INTERCAL Reference Manual will make the style of the language clear: It is a well-known and oft-demonstrated fact that a person whose work is incomprehensible is held in high esteem. For example, if one were to state that the simplest way to store a value of 65536 in a 32-bit INTERCAL variable is: DO :1 <- #0$#256 any sensible programmer would.
Inform programming language - Inform programming language Inform is a design system for interactive fiction (IF), created in 1993 by Graham Nelson. The Inform compiler generates files in Z-code (also called story files) from Inform sourcecode; a version also exists capable of generating files for the Glulx virtual machine. Although Inform and the Z-Machine were originally designed with the Interactive Fiction genre in mind, a large number of other programs have been developed, including a BASIC interpreter and a version of the game Snake. External Links Official web site: http://www.inform-fiction.org/ Most inform tools are available at http://www.ifarchive.org/ This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Integer BASIC programming language - Integer BASIC programming language Integer BASIC was the BASIC interpreter that was included in the ROM of the Apple II computer when it was released in 1977, and as such was the first version of BASIC that was used by the first wave of home computer users and programmers. It was written by Steve Wozniak. Thousands of programs were written in Integer BASIC for commercial and private use. The most frequently cited flaw of Integer BASIC was, as one might expect from the name, that its variables were all integers and it was very difficult to write a program that could do calculations using floating point numbers. It was therefore very difficult to write financial or math programs. Apple Computer licensed a more full-featured version of BASIC from.
