Jacques de Vaucanson - Jacques de Vaucanson Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24,1709-November 21,1782) was a French engineer and inventer who is credited for creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early life 2 Career as Inventor of Automatons 3 Appointment to French Government 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 External sources Early life He was born in Grenoble, France in 1709 as Jacques Vaucanson (the particle "de" was later added to his name by the Académie des Sciences [1]). The son of a glove-maker, he grew up poor, and in his youth he reportedly aspired to become a clockmaker [1]. He studied under the Jesuits and later joined the Order of the Minims in Lyon. It.
Joseph Marie Jacquard - side, he again returned to Lyon. There he was employed in a factory, and use his spare time in constructing his improved loom, of which he had conceived the idea several years previously. In 1801 he exhibited his invention at the industrial exhibition at Paris; and in 1803 he was summoned to Paris to work for the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. A loom by Jacques de Vaucanson (1709—1782), deposited there, suggested various improvements in his own, which he gradually perfected to its final state. His invention was fiercely opposed by the silk-weavers, who feared that its introduction, owing to the saving of labour, would deprive them of their livelihood. However, its advantages secured its general adoption, and by 1812 there were 11,000 looms in use in France. The loom was.
February 24 - that condemns the practice of Japanese internment during World War II. 1988 - The Supreme Court of the United States sides with Larry Flynt's Hustler magazine by overturning a lower court decision to award Jerry Falwell $200,000 for defamation. 1989 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini places a three-million-US dollar bounty for the death of The Satanic Verses author Salman Rushdie. 1989 - A United Airlines Boeing 747 bound to New Zealand from Honolulu, Hawaii rips open during flight, sucking 9 passenger and crew out of the first class section. Luckily most passengers and crew were still belted to their seats at the time. 1996 - The last occurrence of February 24 as a leap day in the European Union and for the Roman Catholic Church. 1999 - LaGrand Case: The State of.
1738 - to England. Stanislas receives Lorraine in exchange for renouncing the Polish throne. Pierre Louis Maupertuis publishes Sur la figure de la terre, which 'confirms Newton's view that the earth is a spheroid slightly flattened at the poles'. Franz Ketterer invents the cuckoo clock. Jacques de Vaucanson presents the world's first automaton, The Flute Player, to the French Acamedy of Sciences. Births January 21 - Ethan Allen, American patriot leader May 27 - Nathaniel Gorham, American politican (+1796) June 4 - King George III of the United Kingdom. Arthur Phillip, first governor of New South Wales, Australia Deaths Monarchs/Presidents China - Qianlong Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (reigned from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796) France - Louis XV King of France (reigned from 1715 to 1774) Great Britain - George.
Automaton - striking clocks, or the cuckoo and any other animated figures on a cuckoo clock. The world's first biomechanical automaton is considered to be The Flute Player, invented by the French engineer Jacques de Vaucanson in 1737. In 1769, a chess-playing automaton called the Turk made the rounds of the courts of Europe, but in fact was a famous hoax, operated from inside by a dwarf. See: Finite state automaton Pushdown automaton.
Timeline of transportation technology - flying machine 1662 - Blaise Pascal invents a horse-drawn public bus which has a regular route, schedule, and fare system 1740 - Jacques de Vaucanson demonstrates his clockwork powered carriage 1769 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot's demonstrates his "steam wagon", arguably the first functional automobile 1783 - Joseph Montgolfier and Étienne Montgolfier launch the first hot air balloons 1804 - Richard Trevithick builds a prototype steam powered railroad locomotive. Oliver Evans demonstrates a steam powered amphibious vehicle. 1807 - Isaac de Rivas makes a hydrogen gas powered vehicle 1814 - George Stephenson builds the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive 1853 - Sir George Cayley builds and demonstrates the first heavier-than-air aircraft (a glider) 1862 - Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline-engine automobile 1868 - George Westinghouse invents the compressed air locomotive brake 1900 -.
Jacques-Louis David - Jacques-Louis David Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 - December 29 1825), most usually known as David (pronounced "Dah-veed" rather than "Day-vid"), was a French painter. Self portrait Born into a middle-class Parisian family. In 1757 his mother deserted him and he was subsequently raised by his uncles after his father was killed. All his life he suffered from severe emotional problems. At 16 he began studying art at the Académie Royale under the rococo painter Joseph-Marie Vien. He won the Prix de Rome in 1774 after having attempted suicide when he lost the contest for three years in a row. He subsequently travelled to Italy where he was strongly influenced by the wealth of classical art and the classically inspired work of the 17th century painter.
Jacques Mayol - Jacques Mayol Jacques Mayol (1927 - 2001) was the holder of many world records in free diving. Born in China, he was the first free diver to descend to 100 meters (330 feet) (November 23, 1976), and he managed to descend to 105 meters when he was 56 years old. During the scientific research phase of his career, he tried to answer the question whether or not man had a hidden aquatic potential that could be evoked by rigorous physiological and psychological training. The free diving record, which is now 162 meters, proves his hypothesis. The film The Big Blue, directed by Luc Besson in 1988, was inspired from his life story (and the life story of the Italian diver Enzo Maiorca); Mayol was one of.
Jacques Lacan - Jacques Lacan Jacques Lacan (April 13, 1901 - September 9, 1981) was a French psychoanalyst. He reiterated and enlightened Sigmund Freud's findings. In opposition to the dominating anglo-american ego-psychologists of his time the focus of his work was the powerlessness of the ego in relation to the unconscious. After having obtained a medical degree in psychiatry he settled in Paris, where he worked as a psychoanalyst, primarily with patients suffering from various forms of psychoses. Lacan argued that the psychoanalytic movement towards understanding the ego as an active and dominating force in the self was a misinterpretation of the Freudian roots. Lacan stated that the self remained in eternal internal conflict and that only extensive self-deceit made the situation bearable. Lacan also initiated the idea of.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau - Jacques-Yves Cousteau Jacques-Yves Cousteau (June 11, 1910 - June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. Cousteau was born in Saint André de Cubzac, France and died in Paris. He was admitted to the École Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest and became a gunnery officer of the French Navy, which gave him the opportunity to make his first underwater experiments. In 1936 he tested a model of underwater eyeglasses, perhaps the ancestors of modern masks. Married in 1937 to Simone Melchior, he took part in WWII as a spy and during the conflict he found the time to be co-inventor, with Emile Gagnan, of SCUBA diving equipment ("aqualung") in 1943. In the.
Jacques Callot - Jacques Callot Jacques Callot was a French (Lorraine) baroque graphics artist, etchings of times great chronicle of societal perceptions of soldiers, clowns, drunkards, wanderers, beggars, various outcasts, often contrasted with spectacular landscapes. See, for instance, "The Temptations of St. Anthony". His seamless transitions in shading and use of different tones were seminal to etchings and prints; only Albrecht Durer was his equal. His work was a record of the times; compare "The Fair at Gondreville (1624) with "The Battle of Avigliana" External Links "Temptation of Saint Anthony" from the Hermitage Museum. Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia..
Jacques Maroger - Jacques Maroger Jacques Maroger (1884 - 1962) was a painter and the technical director of the Louvre Museum's laboratory in Paris, France. He devoted his life to understanding oil-based medias of the Masters. In 1907, Maroger began to study with Louis Anquetin and worked under his direction until Anquetin's death in 1932. Anquetin worked closely and showed with artist Vincent van Gogh, Charles Angrand, Emile Bernard, Paul Gauguin, Camille Pissarro, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. He was very active in the impressionist movement of the time. In his later years, Anquetin became very interested in the works of the Flemish masters. As Maroger’s teacher, Anquetin provided guidance in the study of drawing, anatomy and master painting techniques. Maroger began to get notoriety around.
Jacques Dupuis - Jacques Dupuis Jacques Dupuis (b. 1923) is a Belgian Jesuit priest who has written several significant works on Catholicism and religious pluralism, including Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism (1997). That work led to his being censured by the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In the notification, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (prefect of the Congregation) stated "It is consistent with Catholic doctrine to hold that the seeds of truth and goodness that exist in other religions are a certain participation in truths contained in the revelation of or in Jesus Christ. However, it is erroneous to hold that such elements of truth and goodness, or some of them, do not derive ultimately from the source-mediation of Jesus Christ.".
Jacques Verges - Jacques Verges This page contains many assertions as to the intentions or the agenda of Jacques Vergès. Jacques Vergès (born March 5, 1925) is a controversy-seeking French lawyer. Throughout his career as an attorney, Vergès primarily took political cases, and his clients included both left and right-wing terrorists. He has defended the nazi criminal Klaus Barbie (1987), Ilich Ramirez Sanchez a.k.a. Carlos the Jackal (1994), the Kekal faction (1995), the Holocaust-denier Roger Gaurady (1996) and Slobodan Milosevic (2002). Born in Thailand and brought up on the Réunion island, he was the son of Raymond Vergès, a French diplomat, and a Vietnamese woman. He joined the Communist party on Reunion and in 1942 he became part of the Free French Forces under Charles de Gaulle. After the.
Jacques Chirac - Jacques Chirac Jacques René Chirac President Chirac Became President: May 17, 1995 Predecessor: François Mitterrand Date of Birth: November 29, 1932 Place of Birth: Paris Jacques René Chirac (born in Paris November 29, 1932), is a French politician. Elected President of the French Republic in 1995 and 2002 (being, inherently, Co-Prince of Andorra). Jacques Chirac was a collaborator of French Presidents Georges Pompidou in the 1960s and Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in the 1970s. He was mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995 and Prime Minister in 1974 - 1976 and 1986 - 1988. He ran for President without success in 1981, 1988, and was elected in 1995 and 2002. His father was a bank clerk and later an executive for an aircraft company. He studied at:.
Jacques Derrida - Jacques Derrida Jacques Derrida (born July 15, 1930) is an Algerian-born French philosopher noted for originating the practice of "deconstruction" as a method of reading texts. He has had a significant effect on literary theory and on some areas of philosophy. His work is associated with postmodernism and post-structuralism, and is influenced among others by Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Blanchot and Martin Heidegger. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Life 2 Work 3 See also 4 External Links Life From 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the Sorbonne. From 1964 to 1984, he taught at the École Normale Superieure. He is currently director of the École des Hautes Études en Science Sociales in Paris. Since 1986 he has been Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at.
Jacques Louis David - Jacques Louis David Jacques-Louis David (1748 - 1825) was a French painter, a central figure of the French Neoclassicism art movement. His major works include Oath of Horatii (Louvre, 1784), Death of Marat (Brussels, 1793) and Coronation of Napoleon (Louvre, 1805). He is buried in Le Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, France. See also: Prix de Rome, List of people on stamps of Gabon, List of French people, List of painters..
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet - Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (September 27, 1627 - April 12, 1704) was a French bishop, theologian, and court preacher. Bossuet was one of the first to advocate the theory of political absolutism; he argued that government was divine and kingss received their power from God. Writings by Bossuet Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture.
Jacques Villeneuve - Jacques Villeneuve Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve (born April 9, 1971) is a Canadian automobile racing driver, and winner of both Formula One and IndyCar championships. Born in St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, his father, Gilles Villeneuve, was a Formula One race car driver who was killed during qualifying at the 1982 Belgian Grand Prix when Jacques was only 11 years old. Jacques moved to IndyCar racing in 1994, and was declared rookie of the year after a string of strong results including a victory at Elkhart Lake. In 1995 he won the Indianapolis 500 on the way to first place in the championship. In 1996 he moved to Formula One racing with the Williams team and was runner up in the championship. In 1997 he won 7 races and.
Jacques Offenbach - Jacques Offenbach Jacques Offenbach (June 20, 1819 -October 5, 1880), composer and cellist, the creator of "La vie Parisienne" and an originator of the operetta form, a precursor of the modern musical comedy. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 Works 3 References and External Links Biography Offenbach was of German-Jewish origin, born Jakob Eberst, the son of a synagogue cantor. He moved to Paris in 1833 to study the cello. He found employment playing cello in the orchestra of the Opera Comique, and wrote several pieces for the instrument. In 1844, he married Herminie de Alcain. In 1850 he became conductor of the Theatre Francais, but in 1855 rented his own theatre, the Bouffes Parisiens on the Champs Elysees, and began a successful career devoted.
