Jet engine - Jet engine A jet engine is a type of air-breathing engine, often used on aircraft. The principle of all jet engines is the same. Air is drawn in at the front and compressed. Fuel is then added and the resulting mixture burned. The combustion greatly increases the pressure of the gases which are then exhausted out of the rear of the engine. The process can be seen to be the same as a normal four stroke cycle, but with the processes - induction, compression, ignition and exhaust - taking place continuously. The engine generates thrust because of the acceleration of the air through it - the equal and opposite force this acceleration produces (Newton's third law) is thrust. A jet engine takes a relatively small mass.
Pulse jet engine - Pulse jet engine A pulse jet engine is a very simple form of aircraft engine, falling somewhere in between true jets on the one hand and rockets on the other. The operating principle is simple: air is allowed to flow into the front end of a tube and mixed with fuel. Typically, shutters then close at the front of the tube, the fuel is ignited, and the expanding gases exit from the rear end of the tube, producing thrust; the shutters then open again, allowing fresh air into the tube, and the cycle starts again. Versions exist with no shutters or equivalent mechanical parts; these use non-linearities in air flow to achieve the same effect, for instance with a U tube mounted in front of the inlet.
Jet - Jet Jet is a geological material that is not considered a mineral in the true sense of the word. It is a hard, compact variety of lignite, coal-black in color. It is easily polished and has been used in the manufacture of cheap ornaments. A jet is a stream of fluid produced by discharge through an orifice into free space. Since gas is a compressible fluid, the velocity attained by a jet of gas cannot be determined by Bernoulli's principle. Instead, if one uses adiabatic expansion from P1 to P2 in a properly shaped nozzle, the ideal velocity of a gas jet is: v = 8×√((RT1/z)×(1-(P2/P1)z)) where R and z are characteristics of the gas, R being the common gas constant and z being (cp-cv)/cp, where.
Jetboat - Jetboat A jetboat is a boat propelled by a jet of water ejected from the back of the craft. Unlike a powerboat or motorboat that uses a propeller in the water behind the boat, a jetboat draws the water from under the boat into an impeller pump, known as a jet unit, inside the boat then expels it through a nozzle at the stern. Steering is accomplished by small vanes that direct the water jet in the direction the boat needs to go. Because of this the jetboat is highly maneuverable and can often be reversed and brought to a stop within its own length from full speed in a maneuver known as a jetboat turn. By analogy to aircraft, a conventional screw propellor accelerates a large volume of water.
Internal-combustion engine - Internal-combustion engine An internal-combustion engine is any engine that operates by burning its fuel inside the engine. This can be contrasted with external combustion engines such as steam engines and Stirling engines, which burn their fuel outside the engine. Jet engines and gas turbines use internal combustion, but the term 'internal-combustion engine' is normally used only to refer to engines in which combustion is intermittent (and usually featuring reciprocating machinery). The internal-combustion engine was invented by Nikolaus August Otto. Nikola Tesla devised an electric igniter for gasoline engines. His designs are nearly identical to ideas which deal with the same process which modern internal combustion engines use. The de Havilland Gypsy Queen engine, powering Dove and Heron propeller aircraft. The most common internal combustion engines are the gasoline.
Heat engine - Heat engine A heat engine performs the conversion of heat energy to work by exploiting the temperature gradient between a hot "source" and a cold "sink". Heat is transferred to the sink from the source, and in this process some of the heat is converted into work. The theoretical maximum efficiency of any heat engine is defined by the Carnot Cycle. The carnot heat engine (the ideal imaginary heat engine) has an efficency equal to (T1 - T2)/T1 where T1 is the temperature of the hot source and T2 is the temperature of the cold sink. Examples of everyday heat engines include: the steam engine, the diesel engine, and the gasoline (petrol) engine in an automobile. All of these familiar heat engines are powered by the expansion.
Ford FE engine - Ford FE engine The Ford FE engine was Ford's big block V8 engine range sold in the North American market between 1963 and 1976. It replaced the Ford Y-block engine and in turn was replaced by the Ford 385 engine series. Some claim the name means 'Ford-Edsel', while others insist the name meant simply 'Ford Engine'. FE series engines powered the later, large-engined AC Cobra, high-performance Ford Mustangs between 1968 and 1970, many Ford Galaxies including racing cars, Ford Thunderbirds until halfway through 1968, and many others. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 352 ci 2 390 ci 3 406 ci 4 410 ci 5 427 ci 6 428 ci 6.1 Regular Ford 428 6.2 428 Police Interceptor 6.3 428 Cobra Jet 6.4 428 Super Cobra Jet 7 Replacement.
Engine - Engine An engine is something that produces some effect, normally called work, from a given input. In automobiles this effect is rotational torque which causes motion. The origin of engineering was the working of engines. There is an overlap in English between two meanings of the word "engineer": 'those who operate engines' and 'those who design and construct new items'. The word "engine" is also sometimes used to refer to a device that performs a particular task (not "work" in the physics sense). This usage is particularly prevalent in computer science, where terms like search engine, "3-D graphics rendering engine" and "text-to-speech engine" are common. Typical car engines include reciprocating piston, rotary engines, orbital, also inline, horizontally opposed, V2, V8 up to V16. All of these.
Aircraft engine - Aircraft engine An aircraft engine, as the name implies, is an engine developed to be used in an aircraft. More specifically it almost always refers to internal combustion engines as opposed to jet engines. Unlike an automobile engine, aircraft run at high power settings for very long times. In general the engine is run at maximum power for a few minutes while taking off, then at a slightly reduced power for climb, and then spends the vast majority of its time at a cruise setting, typically 65% to 75% of full power. In contrast a car engine might spend 20% of its time at 65% power while accelerating away from a red light, followed by 80% of its time at 20% power while cruising. Another difference is.
Aircraft engine controls - Aircraft engine controls Aircraft engine controls provide a means for the pilot to control and monitor the operation of his aircraft's powerplant. This article describes controls used with a basic internal-combustion engine driving a propeller. Some optional or more advanced configurations are described at the end of the article. Jet turbine engines use different operating principles and have their own sets of controls and sensors. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Basic Controls and Indicators 2 Fuel 3 Propeller 4 Cowl 5 Related topics 6 References 7.
Avro Jetliner - Jetliner The C-102 Jetliner was a medium-range jet airliner built by Avro Canada in 1949. It was beaten into the air by only days by the De Havilland Comet, thereby becoming the second jetliner in the world, yet the name was more "catchy" and for many years all such aircraft were commonly called "jetliners". The aircraft was "perfect" for busy routes along the US eastern seaboard and garnered intense interest, notably from Howard Hughes who even offered to start production under license. However continued delays in Avro's night fighter project, the Avro CF-100, led to an order to stop working on the project in 1951, and the prototype Jetliner was later cut up for scrap. Given the success of the Sud Aviation Caravelle in the same general role short/medium-range role, it.
B-47 Stratojet - B-47 Stratojet The Boeing B-47 Stratojet jet bomber was a major postwar innovation in combat jet design, and led to the development of modern jet airliners. While it never saw serious combat use, it was the mainstay of US strategic defense in the 1950s. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origins 2 XB-47 / B-47A 3 B-47B 4 B-47E 5 RB-47E / RB-47H / ERB-47H / RB-47K 6 B-47 in service 7 Conversions and special modifications 8 COMMENTS, SOURCES, & REVISION HISTORY 9 References Origins USAF B-47E Stratojet. The B-47 arose from a 1943 USAAF requirement for a jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, which evolved into a formal request the next year. The request specified a speed of 500 mph (800 km/h) or more, a range of 3,500 mi (5,600 km), and.
Bizjet - Bizjet Bizjet is a slang term for a jet aircraft, usually of modest size, designed largely for transporting small groups of business people or executives where they need to go for commercial reasons at a time convenient to their business needs. Some bizjets may be adapted for other roles such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries and a few may be used by public bodies, governments or the armed forces. The more formal terms of corporate jet, executive jet or VIP transport tend to be used by the firms that build, sell, buy and charter these aircraft. The older term "air taxi" tends to be used for propellor driven types although essentially the functions of an air taxi and a bizjet are identical, in fact some airfields.
Thermojet - Thermojet A thermojet is a rudimentary type of jet engine. At its heart is an ordinary piston engine, but instead of this driving a propellor, it drives a compressor. The compressed air is channelled into a combustion chamber, where fuel is injected and ignited. The high temperatures generated by the combustion cause the gasses in the chamber to expand. These gasses escape at high pressure from the exhaust of the engine, creating a reactive force that drives the engine. These engines are reasonably inefficient because of the comparatively poor power-to-weight ratios of piston engines when compared to gas turbines. In fact, when such engines have been constructed, the aircraft designers would have achieved better results had they simply mounted a propellor on the engine instead. Nevertheless, the concept actually works.
Wankel engine - Wankel engine Wankel Engine in Deutsches Museum The Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which uses a rotary piston instead of linear movement piston. The design is most commonly associated with Felix Wankel, although several other similar designs can all be referred to as rotary engines, which, confusingly, also refers to an unrelated aircraft engine design. In the Wankel, the four cycles of a typical Otto cycle are spread out in a circle. In the basic engine, a single oval "cylinder" (technically a trochoid shape) surrounds a basically triangular rotor which turns and moves within the "cylinder". The corners of the rotor press against the side of the cylinder, dividing it into three chambers. As the rotor turns, the flattish sides of the rotor.
Turbojet - Turbojet Tubojets are a type of jet engine. Generally turbojets are arranged around a central shaft running the length of the engine, with the compressor and turbine connected to the shaft at either end. In the middle is a combustion area, typically in the form of a number of individual "flame cans" which are used to stabilize the combustion. The limiting factor in most jet engines is the heat at the front of the turbine, at the end of the flame cans. This is a problem when throttling the engine up, the fuel can be added quite quickly, before the engine itself is sped up and is supplying more air from the compressor. Heat builds up quickly and can cause the turbine blades to fail. This was a serious.
Regional jets - early 1960's, commercial air passengers began traveling on jet-powered aircraft, going higher, faster, and more smoothly than ever before in propellor-equipped aircraft. The decade of the 1960's gave the Western world numerous jet aircraft ranging in seating capacity from about 75 passengers to over 300. While these new jet-powered aircraft were a great stride forward for the air traveling public and remain quite popular in comparison to their propellor-driven counterparts, some of these aircraft are too large to be of economical use on shorter routes or on routes between smaller communities and the "mega-hubs" of the major air carriers. On one hand, passengers in smaller markets desire jet air travel. Many air passengers dislike small propellor equipment because such airplanes are slower than jets, have significantly reduced comfort and power in.
Pulse detonation engine - Pulse detonation engine A pulse detonation engine, or PDE, is a type of aircraft engine that is designed primarily to be used in high-speed, high-altitude regimes. To date no practical PDE engine has been put into production, but several testbed engines have been built that have proven the basic concept. In theory the design can produce an engine with the efficiency of a traditional gas turbine jet engine, but with almost no moving parts. The basic operation of the PDE is similar to that of the pulsejet; air is mixed with fuel to create a flamable mixture that is then ignited. The resulting combustion greatly increases the pressure of the mixture, which then expands through a nozzle for thrust. To ensure that the mixture exits to the rear,.
Newcomen steam engine - Newcomen steam engine Before the Newcomen steam engine steam had been used only in various devices, called steam fountains, for raising water. In 1706 the first successful attempt to combine the ideas of these devices into an economical and convenient machine was made by Thomas Newcomen This machine was called an atmospheric steam engine. It consisted of a boiler A, in which the steam was generated, and a cylinder B, in which a piston moved. When the valve V was opened, the steam pushed up the piston P. At the top of the stroke, the valve V was closed, the valve V' was opened, and a jet of cold water from the tank C was injected into the cylinder, thus condensing the steam and reducing the pressure under.
Kamen - first helicopter July, 1949 : K-225 An improved version, the U.S. Navy buys two and Coast Guard one for $25,000 each. Later, they will receive the H-22 designation. December 1951 : A modified K-225 equipped with a Boeing 502 engine becomes the world's first gas turbine powered helicopter , ushering in the turbine age for helicopters. This aircraft is now at the Smithsonian 1953 : Kaman produced the first electrically powered drone April 1953 : HOK (OH-43) 1954 : K-16 A V/STOL designed around a rotoprop March 1954 : A modified Kaman HTK-1 becomes the world's first twin-turbine powered helicopter September, 1956 : HH-43 Huskie A variant of the OH-43, equipped with a Lycoming T-53 turbine engine HH-43B Rotor diameter: 14.33 m each Length: 7.62 m Height: 4.74 m Weight: 2000.
