Jewish fundamentalism - Jewish fundamentalism The neutrality of this article is disputed. The term Jewish fundamentalism is used to refer to fundamentalist religious beliefs among Jews. The term "fundamentalism" was originally used in reference to certain Christian groups but today commonly refers to the anti-modernist movements of any religion based on literal interpretation of religious scriptures. Orthodox Judaism is characterized by a fervent belief in the divine origin of the Torah (i.e., that the five books of Moses were literally given by God). Most streams of Judaism believe that the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible, Old Testament) can not be understood literally or alone, but rather needs to be read in conjunction with additional material known as the oral law, contained in the Mishnah, Talmud, and subsequent legal codes. As one.
Jewish principles of faith - Jewish principles of faith Judaism has always affirmed a number of principles of faith. According to Judaism, one must hold certain beliefs to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. However, unlike most Christian denominations, the Jewish community has never developed any one binding catechism. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, most of which have much in common with each other, but differ in certain details. A comparison of several such formulations demonstrates a wide array of tolerance for varying theological perspectives. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Jewish principles of faith 1.1 Monotheism 1.2 God is One 1.3 God is all powerful 1.4 God is personal, and cares about humanity 1.5 Names of God 1.6 The Nature of God 1.7.
Fundamentalism - Fundamentalism In comparative religion, fundamentalism can refer to anti-modernist movements of various religions In many ways religious fundamentalism is a modern phenomenon, characterized by a sense of embattled alienation in the midst of the surrounding culture, even where the culture may be nominally influenced by the adherents' religion. Or, the term can refer specifically to a way of approaching one's religious scripture; i.e. in fundamentalism one holds that one's religious texts are infallible and historically accurate, despite contradiction of these claims by modern scholarship. Groups described as fundamentalist or which describe themselves in these terms, often strongly object to this terminology, because of negative connotations which have become associated with the label; or, because it implies a similarity between themselves and other groups, which they find.
Jesus Christ as the Messiah - article is part of the Jesus series. Historical view of Jesus Islamic view of Isa (Jesus) Jewish view of Jesus Other perspectives on Jesus Sources about Jesus Historicity of Jesus Fictional portrayals of Jesus Jesus Christ as the Messiah is the Christian account of Jesus' life (which is represented both in texts and in images). Jesus is the central focus of attention and worship in Christianity and is held by most Christians to be the Messiah foretold in the Hebrew Bible. He is believed to be the saviour of mankind, the son of God the Father, and God himself. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Belief in the divinity 2 Life biography 2.1 Birth and childhood 2.2 The ministry and message of Jesus 2.3 Arrest, sentencing, and crucifixion 2.4 Resurrection, Ascension, and.
John Shelby Spong - in human history. He further rejects traditional theistic Christian ideas about Jesus, such as the virgin birth and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. He has also been a strong proponent of feminism and gay rights within the church and within society at large. Towards these ends, he calls for a new Reformation, in which many of Christianity's basic doctrines should be reformulated. These beliefs are most fully outlined in his book A New Christianity for a New World: Why Traditional Faith Is Dying and How a New Faith Is Being Born. Published Books 1973 - Honest Prayer 1974 - This Hebrew Lord 1975 - Christpower 1975 - Dialogue: In Search of Jewish-Christian Understanding 1976 - Life Approaches Death: a Dialogue on Ethics in Medicine 1980 - The Easter Moment 1983 -.
Islam - the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj or Haj) At least one group believes that Jihad, meaning inner struggle against Satan (greater jihad) or external struggle (lesser jihad), is the "sixth pillar of Islam". Other groups consider "Allegiance to the Imam" to be the so-called sixth pillar of Islam. For more information, see the article entitled Sixth pillar of Islam. The Qur'an The Qur'an, also spelled Quran or Koran, is the holy book of Islam. Its title means "Recitation" or "Reading". It consists of 114 chapters or Surahs laid out roughly in order of size, the largest being near the front, the smallest near the back. It describes the origins of the Universe, Man, and their relationship to each other and their Creator. It sets out laws for society, morality, economics and many.
Islamism - activity against the state of Israel, and consistently opposed itself to the policies of the secular Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Yasser Arafat. Wahhabism Perhaps the most influential strain of thought, however, came from the Wahhabi movement in Saudi Arabia. The Wahhabists, who emerged in the 18th century led by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, also believed that it was necessary to live according to the strict dictates of Islam, which they interpreted to mean living in the manner that the prophet Muhammad and his followers had lived in during the seventh century in Medina. Consequently they were opposed to many innovations developed since that time, including the minaret, marked graves, and later television and radios. The Wahhabis also considered those Muslims who violated their strict interpretation to be heretics, and thus.
Israel Shahak - in 1945, shortly before the establishment of the State of Israel. A critic of Zionism and a supporter of a Palestinian state, he wrote many books that are influential among some anti-Zionists and which argue that Israeli law and society contained entrenched attitudes of Jewish supremacy. In the 1970s, he began publishing translations of the Hebrew press into English, arguing that the English-language editions of these newspapers were being intentionally distorted for Western audiences. In 1993 he authored Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years (ISBN 0745308198), in which he argued that traditional Orthodox Judaism was a chauvinistic religion, and that this chauvinism had been carried over into many aspects of contemporary Israeli society. Other books of Shahak's include Open Secrets: Israel's Nuclear and Foreign Policies (1997; ISBN.
Islam as a political movement - and imperialism, as the Ottoman Empire, British Empire, and today what some call oil imperialism and global economic monoculture challenge traditional Islamic culture. Feminism and Marxism are often thought of as categorically opposed to Islamic fundamentalism, but this has not always been true. Militant Islam and its influences are dealt with in another article on that topic. Modern Islamic philosophy is also covered separately. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The term 'Islamist' 2 Islam is inherently political 2.1 The Islamic State 2.2 Islam is sometimes militant 3 History of Islam as a political movement 4 Modern debates 4.3 Perception of persecution 4.4 Reactive Islam 5 The many strains of 'Islamism' 5.5 Cold War exploitation 5.6 Role in terrorism 5.7 Movements described as 'Islamist' 5.8 Globalization 6 Sources 7 External Links The.
History of Christianity - links to relevant topics. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roots of Christianity 1.1 The Jewish background 1.2 The Life of Jesus of Nazareth 2 The earliest emergence of Christianity 2.3 Early Controversies 2.4 Competing Religions 3 Second and third centuries 4 Fourth century 4.5 Development of the canon of scripture 4.6 Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire 4.7 Fourth-century pagan revival by Rome 4.8 The Christological controversies 4.9 Christianity becomes a state religion 5 Fifth century 5.10 The conversion of the Mediterranean world 6 Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world 7 Development of the Papacy 8 The rise of Islam 9 Persecutions 10 Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe 11 Church & state in the Medieval west 12 Schisms between East and West 13 The Later Middle Ages 14.
Gersonides - as Gersonides or the 'Ralbag (1288—1344 CE), was a Jewish philosopher and commentator, was born at Bagnols in Languedoc. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 Works 3 Views on God and omnipotence 4 Views of the afterlife Biography As in the case of the other medieval Jewish philosophers little is known of his life. His family had been distinguished for piety and exegetical skill, but though he was known in the Jewish community by commentaries on certain books of the Bible, he never seems to have accepted any rabbinical post. Possibly the freedom of his opinions may have put obstacles in the way of his preferment. He is known to have been at Avignon and Orange during his life, and is believed to have died in 1344, though Zacuto asserts.
Gush Emunim - Six-Day War in 1967, though it was not formally established as an organization until 1974, in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. It encourages Jewish settlement of land they believe God has alloted for Jews in order to bring closer the coming of the messiah. Gush Emunim is closely associated with and highly influential in the National Religious Party (NRP), a relatively small Israeli political party. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Ideology 3 Related articles 4 Further Reading History In 1968, a group of future Gush Emunim members began a squat in the middle of the West Bank town of Hebron. This squat, illegal under both international and Israeli law, was initially opposed by the Israeli government. However, it was eventually transformed into the settlement Kiryat Arba on.
Young Earth Creationism - Earth Creationism is a belief typically based on Jewish and Christian religious fundamentalism. Adherents hold that scientific findings for the age of the Earth, and usually our universe, simply conflict with the account of creation given in Genesis, where it is recorded that the Earth was created by God in six days. This adherence to six actual days comes from a strict belief in biblical inspiration. Young Earth Creationists who interpret the Bible literally believe that the Earth is somewhere around 6,000 years old (according to Archbishop James Ussher's dating) and usually reject the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe and scientific views of evolution. Young Earth Creationism is distinguished from Old Earth Creationism in its belief on the age of the Earth. It is distinguished from Geocentrism.
African American music - other European music. The influence of African Americans on mainstream American began in the 19th century, when the banjo became a popular instrument, and African-derived rhythms were incorporated into popular songs by Stephen Foster and other songwriters. In the 1830s, the Great Awakening led to a rise in Christian fundamentalism, especially among African Americans. Drawing on traditional work songs, African American slaves began performing a wide variety of Negro sprituals and other Christian music. Many of these songs were coded messages of subversion against slaveholders or escape. By the end of the 19th century, African American music had begun its rise to mainstream popularity. Ragtime performers like Scott Joplin became popular, and some soon became associated with the Harlem Renaissance and early civil rights activists. The early part of the 20th.
Arthur Hertzberg - in 1921. Hertzberg, was 5 when he left Europe with his parents in 1926, recalled that as a teenager in an Orthodox Jewish neighborhood in Youngstown, Ohio, he would not accept the notion that the literary world of talmudic learning, the kabbalistic books and the writing of the chasidim were less worthy as compared to the "Iliad," the "Odyssey" or Dante's "Inferno." His father was an Orthodox rabbi trained in Eastern Europe, his father taught Arthur to appreciate the richness of the Talmud and the other great works of Judaism. Although Hertzberg would later stray from his Orthodox upbringing and be ordained as a Conservative rabbi, he "never used my 'heresy' as the excuse to prefer the majority culture to my own." He has been married to the former Phyllis Cannon.
Baruch Goldstein - Goldstein Baruch Goldstein was a Brooklyn-born Jewish Fundamentalist who lived in Israel. He killed some 29 Muslims at Sabbath prayer on Friday, February 25, 1994, in the Cave of the Patriarchs, a Hebron site holy both to Muslims and Jews. For years prior to the massacre, Goldstein had served as a physician in the Israeli army, first as a conscript, then in the reserve forces. Following the end of his active duty, he became a physician and lived as a settler in Kiryat Arba. After being initially subdued with a fire extinguisher, Goldstein was beaten to death by survivors. Rioting immediately following the massacre led to the deaths of another 26 Palestinians and 2 Israelis. Testimony at the Israeli inquiry raised the possibility Goldstein had an accomplice - two Israeli army.
The relationship between religion and science - The attitudes of religion towards science 2 The attitudes of science towards religion 3 Philosophy of science weighs in 4 References 5 General references 6 Jewish references 7 External Links The attitudes of religion towards science Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Judaism and Christianity all developed millennia before the existence of the scientific method, followed by Islam about a thousand years prior to the modern era; their classical works show an appreciation of the natural world, but express little or no interest in any systematic investigation of it for its own sake. Nevertheless, historians of science owe a debt, particularly to Islam, for the collection and preservation of early scientific texts originating from China to Africa, and from Iberia to India. In the Medieval era some leading thinkers in Judaism, Christianity and.
Christian Identity - There are estimated to be about 50,000 adherents of these groups in the United States of America. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ideology 2 Groups 2.1 Iconoclastic Biblical fundamentalism 2.2 Justifying violence 2.3 The end of the world and armageddon 3 Origin 4 Organization 5 Aryan Nation 5.4 The Order 6 External Links 7 References Ideology Christian Identity asserts that the white Aryan race is God's chosen race and that whites comprise the ten lost tribes of Israel. There is no single document that expresses this belief system. Adherents refer to the Bible to justify their ideas. Groups Christian Identity groups include the Aryan Nations; Church of Jesus Christ Christian, Aryan Nations; Confederate Hammerskins; Jubilee, National Association for the Advancement of White People and White Separatist Banner. Many members of these.
Christianity: Denominations - participation in war. The Latter-day Saints claim that apostolic succession was broken during the Great Apostasy and that authority was restored to an American prophet, Joseph Smith, Jr in the 19th century in a personal visitation by resurrected apostles and prophets. Eastern branches In the Eastern world (Eastern Europe, Asia) the primary representative of Christianity is Eastern Orthodoxy. The Eastern Orthodox Church also believes it is the continuation of the original Christian church established by Christ. Originally there were five main centers of Christianity in the ancient world: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. According to the Eastern Churches' understanding of Papal primacy, the bishop of Rome was first in honor among the bishops, but possessed no direct authority over dioceses other than his own. In the Great Schism, conventionally dated.
Sola scriptura - as proven from the Scriptures and apostolic tradition. The Biblical canon itself was thus viewed as part of the Church's tradition, as defined by its leadership and acknowledged by its laity. The Catholic and Orthodox church leadership did not see any contradiction between the traditions that served as the source of scripture, and scripture as the source of this these traditions. The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments were understood as oral traditions in writing, and other traditional writings produced within the Church through divine inspiration, and collected by the Church. In time, the Church's hierarchy through a series of councils identified the scriptures as authoritative and not subject to question in matters of doctrine. (See Biblical canon.) The various traditions that underlay Church doctrine were subsumed under a single.
