Jiang Wei - Jiang Wei Jiang Wei 姜維 (??-263) was a general during the Three Kingdoms of China. Originally a general of Kingdom of Wei, he joined Kingdom of Shu after his mother was invited by Zhuge Liang (the minister of Shu), and he himself had felt into a trap by Zhuge. After the death of Zhuge, he succeeded as minister of Shu and had led an unsuccessful attack to Wei. In 263, Wei conquerred Shu and Jiang Wei was killed when Wei army seized the palace of Shu. See also: Three Kingdoms.
Chiang Wei-kuo - Chiang Wei-kuo Chiang Wei-kuo (蔣緯國; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiang Weiguo), or Wego Chiang (October 6, 1916 - September 22, 1997) was an official in the Republic of China who was the son of President Chiang Kai-shek, and brother of President Chiang Ching-kuo. His nickname was Jianhao (建鎬) and sobriquet Niantang (念堂). Born in Tokyo, Chiang Wei-kuo is long speculated to be an illegitimate child of a Tai Chi-tao and a Japanese woman, Shigematsu Kaneko (重松金子). Chiang Wei-kuo discredited any such claims and emphasized he is a legitimate son of Chiang Kai-shek until shortly before his death, when he admitted that he was adopted. [1] According to popular speculation, Tai was afraid his extramarital affairs could cause disasters, so he entrusted Wei-kuo to Chiang Kai-shek, after the Japanese Yamada.
Kingdom of Shu - of the Han Dynasty, the area surrounding Shu was under the control of Liu Bei, a distant relative of the Han emperor. After Cao Pi of Wei seized the imperial throne in 220, he proclaimed himself to be the next Han emperor and the real ruler of China. Therefore the Kingdom of Shu is also known as the Kingdom of Shu-Han. Althrough Liu Bei is said to be the founder of the Shu-Han dynasty, he himself never claimed to be the founder of a new dynasty. In 222, Liu Bei initiated an unsuccessful attack on the Kingdom of Wu. He survived this attack, but one year later he became ill and died. He was succeeded by Liu Chan, who did not really care for governance and left his kingdom in the.
Kingdom of Wu - China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. During the decline of the Han dynasty, the State of Wu - a region in the south of Chang Jiang, surrounding Suzhou - was under the control of the warlord Sun Quan. Sun Quan succeeded his brother as Wu Wang (the king of Wu) and considered the area under his rule subject to the Han emperor. Unlike his competitors, he did not really have the ambition to be Emperor of China. However, after Cao Pi of the Kingdom of Wei and Liu Bei of the Kingdom of Shu each declared himself to be the Emperor, Sun Quan decided to follow suit in 222, claiming to have founded the Wu dynasty. Under the rule of Wu, the Southern China, regarded by the early dynasty.
John Woo - the end of the movie." Filmography Paycheck (2003) Windtalkers (2001) Mission: Impossible II (2000) Hong Kong Face-Off (1998) Blackjack (1998) (TV) Face/Off (1997) Once a Thief: Brother Against Brother (1996) (TV) Broken Arrow (1996) Hard Target (1993) Lashou shentan (1992) English title: Hard-boiled Zong sheng si hai (1990) Once a Thief Die xue jie tou (1990) Bullet in the Head Die xue shuang xiong (1989) The Killer Yi dan qun ying (1987) Tragic Heroes Yinghung bunsik II (1987) A Better Tomorrow II Ying huang boon sik (1986) A Better Tomorrow Ying xiong wei lei (1986) Heroes Shed No Tears Liang zhi lao hu (1985) Run Tiger Run Xiao jiang (1984) The time you need a friend Ba cai Lin Ya Zhen (1982) Plain Jane to the Rescue Hua ji shi dai.
International student - destination for Chinese international students has varied over the decades. Before World War II, Japan and France were the preferred destinations. International students from Taiwan have preferred the United States as a destination since the 1950's. Students from People's Republic of China tended to go to the Soviet Union in the 1950's. In the 1960's, universities were disrupted by the Cultural Revolution, and starting in 1977, students from the PRC have tended to go to the United States. Some of these international students became citizens of their host countries. (See overseas Chinese, for example) In addition, given the prestige of an overseas degree, many international students go on to become government officials. Examples include Lee Tenghui, James Soong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin. Universities with large populations of certain ethnic groups.
History of the PRC (1976-present) - China after Mao Deng Xiaoping consolidates power Mao's death in September 1976 removed the "great helmsman" from the scene. Former Minister of Public Security Hua Guofeng was quickly confirmed as Party Chairman (he had succeeded Zhou as Premier upon his death). A month after Mao's death, Hua, backed by the PLA, arrested Jiang Qing and other members of the "Gang of Four." After extensive deliberations, the Chinese Communist Party leadership reinstated Deng Xiaoping to all of his previous posts at the 11th Party Congress in August 1977. Deng then led the effort to place government control in the hands of veteran party officials opposed to the radical excesses of the previous two decades. By carefully mobilizing his supporters within the Chinese Communist Party, Deng was able to outmaneuver Mao's named successor.
Grand Canal of China - li, or about 1200 miles. A rough measurement, taking, account only of the main bends of the canal, makes its length 850 miles. After leaving Hangzhou the canal passes round the eastern border of the Lake Tai, surrounding in its course the beautiful city of Suzhou, and then trends in a generally north-westerly direction through the fertile districts of Jiangsu as far as Jinjiang on the Chang Jiang. In this, the southern section, the slope is gentle and water is plentiful (from 7 feet at low water to 11 feet, and occasionally 13 feet at high water). Between Suzhou and Jinjiang the canal is often over 100 feet wide, and its sides are in many places faced with stone. It is spanned by fine stone bridges, and near its banks are.
Guan Yu - it was said that he was a match for 10,000 men Guan Yu was separated from Liu Bei when Cao Cao captured him and made him a subordinate. Guan Yu made it clear though that when he found the whereabouts of his brother Liu Bei he would leave the Kingdom of Wei immediately. Cao Cao tried to win Guan Yu over with gold and other valuable prizes but Guan Yu would have nothing to do with them, as the second he found out Liu Bei's whereabouts, he left Wei to meet his blood bother. One prize Guan Yu did accept and keep was Lu Bu's horse "Red Hare" given to him by Lord Cao Cao of the Wei Kingdom as a prize for his amazing fighting skills. Guan Yu gained fame.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period - China, between Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty in which 5 short-lived would-be dynasties in the north and more than 10 independent sovereignties mainly in the south of Chang Jiang were established. Rulers in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) Born Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years the Five Dynasties Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name Hou (Later) Liang Dynasty 907-923 Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign Zhu Wen (朱溫 zhu1 wen1) 907-912 Kaiping (開平 kai1 ping2) 907-911 Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912 did not exist Mo Di (末帝 mo4 di4) Zhu Zhen (朱瑱 zhu1.
Table of Chinese monarchs - Refer to Zhou dynasty for more info. Yu禹 yu3 or Xia Yu夏禹 xia4 yu3 or Da Yu大禹 da4 yu3 Qi啟 qi3 Tai Kang太康 tai4 kang1 Zhong Kang仲康 zhong4 kang1 Xiang相 xiang4 Shao Kang少康 shao4 kang1 or Xia Shao Kang夏少康 xia4 shao4 kang1 Zhu杼 zhu4 Huai槐 huai2 Mang芒 mang2 Xie泄 xie4 Bu Jiang不降 bu4 jiang4 Jiong扃 jiong1 Jin廑 ( Putonghua: jin3 or Guoyu: jin4 ) Kong Jia孔甲 kong3 jia3 Gao皋 gao1 Fa發 fa1 Jie桀 jie2 or Xia Jie夏桀 xia4 jie2 or Luu Gui履癸 luu3 gui3 Shang Dynasty Sovereigns of Shang Dynasty Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Convention: posthumous name Note: 1) all dates are approximate until the Duumvirate when first accurate dating of Chinese history began. Refer to Zhou dynasty for more info. 2) Personal names of most of the Shang.
263 - 262 - 263 - 264 265 266 267 268 Events The Kingdom of Wei conquered the kingdom of Shu Han, one of the Chinese Three Kingdoms. Liu Hui writes a commentary on The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, describing what would later be called Gaussian elimination, computing pi, etc. Births Deaths Jiang Wei, Shu general.
Ad hoc protocol list - ICC'98, 5 pages. http:// www.ics.uci.edu/atm/adhoc/paper-collection/gerla-gsr-icc98.pdf Reactive: (On-demand) ARA (Ant-based Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks) - Mesut Günes et. al., ARA - the ant-colony based routing algorithm for manets, In Stephan Olariu, editor, Proceedings of the 2002 ICPP Workshop on Ad Hoc Networks (IWAHN 2002), pages 79-85, IEEE Computer Society Press, August 2002, http://www.adhoc-nets.de ABR (Associativity Based Routing protocol) - C.-K. TOH ASSOCIATIVITY-BASED LONG-LIVED ROUTING (ABR) PROTOCOL , Internet Draft, http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/index-wgm.html AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing protocol) - C. PERKINS, E.ROYER AND S. DAS Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing, Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-aodv-11.txt, work in progress, Aug 2002. BSR (Backup Source Routing protocol) - SONG GUO, OLIVER W. YANG Performance of Backup Source Routing (BSR) in mobile ad hoc networks p 440-444, Proc. 2002 IEEE Wireless Networking.
Battle of Red Cliff - turncoat, seeking giving top secret of Wu's army to Cao Cao. At the night of the battle, Huang Gai fabricated his escape from the South side of the Chang Jiang where Wu's camp is to the North side where Wei's base is. Near the Northern bank, Huang Gai set his tail boat on fire. The Cao Cao's armarda, connected together, was caught fired in the bay and nearly totally destroyed. Zhou Yu, at this time, sent his whole army against Cao Cao's army which lost all its morale. Cao Cao decided it would be best to retreat. The result of the Battle of Red Cliff greatly hindered Cao Cao's expension across Chang Jiang into the Southern China. See also: Chinese history -- Three Kingdoms -- List of Battles -- Sanguoyanyi (ie..
Cao Cao - military ruler of northern China, winning a critical battle (the Battle of Guandu) at the Yellow River. He assumed effective rule of Northern China and assumed the title of Imperial Secretarist. The last Han emperor now remained a figurehead until the abdication in AD 220. Cao Cao extended his control northward, past the Great Wall, into northern Korea, and southward to the Han River. His attempt to extend his domination south of the river Chang Jiang was dashed as his forces was defeated by the coalition of Liu Bei (who later founded the Kingdom of Shu in southwestern China) and Sun Quan (who later founded the Kingdom of Wu in southeastern China) at the naval Battle of Red Cliff in 208. In 213, he was titled Wei Gong (duke of Wei).
Timeline of Chinese history - Period -260 Battle of Changping -256 -255 Qin Dynasty -246 Qin Shi Huang Di -221 Start of construction of the Great Wall -210 Burial of the Terracotta Army -207 -202 Han Dynasty (Western Han) Han Gao Zu -195 9 Xin Dynasty Wang Mang 24 25 Han Dynasty (Eastern Han) 105 Cai Lun, inventor of paper 106 Han Shangdi 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion 200 Battle of Guandu 208 Battle of Red Cliff 220 Three Kingdoms (Wei, Shu, Wu) 222 Sun Quan Battle of Yi Ling 234 Battle of Wuzhang Plain.
Spring and Autumn Period - Qi not only perfected their own strength but repelled the southern state of Chu whose rulers had proclaimed king and armies gradually intruded into the Yellow River Basin. Framing her as the "southern barbarian" (Chu Man) was merely a pretext to warn Chu not to intervene their respective spheres of influence. Chu diffusion was checked several times in three major battles with increasing violence - Battle of Cheng Pu, Battle of Bi and Battle of Yanling - and restorations of the states of Chen and Cai. Weaker states always had to comply orders in the midst of conflicts despite numerous fruitless self-strengthening reforms. Qi, Qin, Jin and Chu finally met for a disarmament conference in 579 BC where the other states essentially became satelittes. During the relatively peaceful 6th century BC,.
Zhuge Liang - territories. The union with Sun Quan broke down when Guan Yu retaliated on the Kingdom of Wu in 219 after the surprise attack of Lü Meng. Guan Yu was defeated and decapitated. Liu Bei, infuriated with the execution of his longtime comrade, ignored all arguments of his well-meaning subjects and turned on the Kingdom of Wu, leading a huge army to seek revenge. He was also defeated in the ensuing Battle of Yiling and died in a lone fortress of "Baidi Cheng" (literary meaning: "the White Emperor Fortress") after a hasty and humiliating retreat to his own borders. After the death of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang became the prime minister under Liu Chen, Liu Bei's son, and renewed the alliance with Sun Quan. The Six Expeditions Zhuge persuaded Jiang Wei, a.
Qian Zhongshu - Paris in France. He returned to China in 1938 and became a professor at Tsinghua University. His most famous novel, Wei Cheng (Fortress Besieged), was then published in 1947. His other works include Ren*Shou*Gui (Men*Beasts*Ghosts), Xiezai Renshen Bianshang (Written at the Edge of Life). He also wrote elaborate notes on Chinese classics, showing his erudition and insight into a comparative study of different cultures. For all of this, literature was not his primary employment, he was the translator for much of Mao Tse-tung's collected works, which occupied most of the remainder of his active professional life. Only recently have translations of his earlier works become widely available, though Fortress Besieged was adapted into a television mini-series in China in 1990. His wife, Yang Jiang, is also an author, best known for.
Wu Hu - since 304, which sacked the Chinese capitals at Luoyang (311) and Changan. The Hunnic Kingdom of Han-Former Zhao captured and executed the last two Jin emperors as the Western Jin Dynasty crumbled in 317. Most Chinese fled to south of Chang Jiang as numerous sovereignities founded by Wu Hu and remnants of Chinese racked havoc of the north. Fu Jian temporarily unified the north but his brillant achievement was destroyed after the Battle of Feishui. The Northern Wei Dynasty unified again in 439 and ushered in the Northern Dynasties. The sovereignties founded by Wu Hu were coined the Sixteen Kingdoms. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Past and Present Definitions of Wu Hu 2 Origins of the various definitions of Hu 3 Wu Hu after the fall of Northern Xiongnu 4 Xianbei.
