Johann Reuchlin - Johann Reuchlin Johann Reuchlin (February 22, 1455 - 1522) was a German humanist and Hebrew scholar. He was born at Pforzheim in the Black Forest, where his father was an official of the Dominican monastery. According to the fashion of the time, his name was graecicized by his Italian friends into Capnion, a form which Reuchlin used as a sort of transparent mask when he introduced himself as an interlocutor in the De Verbo Mirifico. He remained fond of his home town; he constantly calls himself Phorcensis, and in the De Verbo he ascribes to Pforzheim his inclination towards literature. Here he began his Latin studies in the monastery school, and, though in 1470 he was a short time in Freiburg, that university seems to have.
Johann Eck - Johann Eck Johann Eck (November 13, 1486 - February 13, 1543) was a 16th century theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation. It was Eck who argued that the beliefs of Martin Luther and John Huss were similar. 1. Education. Teacher at Ingolstadt. Johann Eck (properly Johann Maier or Mayr) the German Roman Catholic controversialist, was born at Eck (later Egg, near Memmingen, 43 miles south of Augsburg), Swabia. He died at Ingolstadt. At the age of twelve he entered the University of Heidelberg, which he left in the following year for Tübingen. After taking his master's degree in 1501, he began the study of theology under Johann Jakob Lempp, and studied the elements of Hebrew and political economy with Konrad Summenhart. He left.
University of Ingolstadt - In its first several decades, the university grew rapidly, opening colleges not only for philosophers from the realist and nominalist schools, but also for poor students wishing to study the liberal arts. Among its most famous instructors in the late 1400s were the poet Conrad Celtes, the Hebrew scholar Johannes Reuchlin, and the Bavarian historian Johannes Thurmair (also known as "Aventinus"). The Reformation and its Aftermath The Lutheran movement took an early hold in Ingolstadt, but was quickly put to flight by one of the chief figures of the Counter-Reformation: Johann Eck, who made the university a bastion for the traditional Catholic faith in southern Germany. In Eck's wake, many Jesuits were appointed to key positions in the school, and the university, over most of the 1600s, gradually came fully under.
Franz von Sickingen - In the contest for the imperial throne upon the death of Maximilian in 1519, Sickingen accepted bribes from King Francis I of France, but when the election took place he led his troops to Frankfurt, where their presence assisted to secure the election of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. For this service he was made imperial chamberlain and councillor, and in 1521 he led an expedition into France, which ravaged Picardy, but was beaten back from Mezières and forced to retreat. In about 1517 Sickingen became intimate with Ulrich von Hutten, and gave his support to Hutten's schemes. In 1519 a threat from him freed Johann Reuchlin from his enemies, the Dominicans, and his castles became (in Hutten's words) a refuge for righteousness. Here many of the reformers found shelter, and.
Talmud - with "study of the Talmud." A reaction against the supremacy of the Talmud came with the appearance of Moses Mendelssohn and the intellectual regeneration of Judaism through its contact with the gentile culture of the eighteenth century, the results of this struggle being a closer assimilation to European culture, the creation of a new science of Judaism, and the movements for religious reform. Despite the quasi-Karaite inclinations which appeared in early Reform Judaism, the majority of Jews clung to the Talmud as the primary document through which mainstream Judaism was understood. Modern culture has gradually alienated most Jews from from Talmud study; Talmud is now regarded by the majority of Jews as merely one of the branches of Jewish theology. On the whole Jewish learning has done full justice to the.
Philipp Melanchthon - Early Life and Education Melanchthon was born at Bretten, near Karlsruhe, where his father, Georg Schwarzerd, was armorer to Count Palatine Philip. In 1507 he was sent to the Latin school at Pforzheim, the rector of which, Georg Simler of Wimpfen, introduced him to the study of the Latin and Greek poets and of the philosophy of Aristotle. But he was chiefly influenced by his great-uncle, Johann Reuchlin, the great representative of humanism, who advised him to change his family name, Schwarzerd (literally Black-earth), into the Greek equivalent Melanchthon. Not yet thirteen years old, he entered in 1509 the University of Heidelberg where he studied philosophy, rhetoric, and astronomy, and was known as a good Greek scholar. Being refused the degree of master in 1512 on account of his youth, he.
Oriental - great deal of light on the Old-Testament writings but they have, moreover, revealed with considerable precision and detail the well-nigh forgotten history of empires and civilizations that had flourished for many centuries and passed away even before Greece or Rome had acquired any great political or literary importance. The earliest efforts of European scholars in the field of Oriental research were naturally connected with the scientific study of Hebrew, the language of the Old Testament. To say nothing of the work done by the rabbis of the medieval period under the influence of Arabic culture in the Jewish colonies of Spain and northern Africa, we find prior to the Reformation the names of Johann Reuchlin (1455-1522) and the Dominican Santes Pagninus (1471-1541), pioneers who prepared the way for such scholars as.
List of occultists - Joan of Arc, accused of witchcraft and heresy Nicholas Flamel, alchemist Pope Silvester II, alleged magician Pope Honorius III, had magical texts attributed to him Ramon Llull, syncretic mystic Abraham Abulafia, kabalist "messiah" Renaissance: Paracelsus, medical pioneer and occult philosopher Nostradamus, soothsayer Giordano Bruno, occult philosopher Faust, made a pact with the Devil Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, occult philosopher Athanasius Kircher, Jesuit priest, wrote on magical subjects Benevenuto Cellini, sculptor whose diary relates experience summoning spirits Robert Fludd, occult philosopher Dr John Dee, seer and occult philosopher Edward Kelley, medium who assisted John Dee Elizabeth Bathory, serial killer for magical rites Johannes Reuchlin, German cabalist magician, summoned angels. Johann Weyer (aka Johannes Wierus), German physician, occultist and demonologist. Sir Walter Raleigh, practiced alchemy Henry Percy, "Wizard Earl" Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor,.
Libri tres de occulta philosophia - and its relationship with religion. In a discriminating revival Agrippa pursued the 'natural' magic of Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola, while relating it to Johann Reuchlin's synthesis of magic and religion. Agrippa broadens the ideas he found in his sources to forge a much more comprehensive conception of the occult. The critical edition of De occulta philosophia clarifies a number of controversies about the interpretation of this magical work. More generally, this Renaissance magus proves to be driven by a deep scholarly curiosity, which seeks to come to grips with the intellectual and religious problems of his time..
Johann Sebastian Bach - Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (March 21, 1685 - July 28, 1750) was a German composer, organist and musical scholar of the Baroque period, and is almost universally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time. His works, noted for their intellectual depth, technical command, and artistic beauty, have provided inspiration to nearly every musician in the European tradition, from Mozart to Schoenberg. Formative Years J. S. Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, in 1685. His father, Ambrosius Bach, was the town piper in Eisenach, a post that entailed organizing all the secular music in town as well as participating in church music at the direction of the church organist, and his uncles were also all professional musicians ranging from.
Johann Gutenberg - Johann Gutenberg Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (circa 1390s - February 3, 1468), German metal-worker and inventor, achieved fame for his contributions to the technology of printing, including a type metal alloy and oil-based inks, and a new kind of printing press based on presses used in winemaking. Tradition credits him with inventing movable type, an improvement on the block printing already in use in Europe. Gutenberg was born in Mainz as the son of a merchant named Friele Gensfleisch zu Laden, who adopted the surname "zum Gutenberg" after the name of the neighborhood into which the family had moved. Though the Chinese and Koreans knew of block printing and even movable metal types at the time, it is unclear whether Gutenberg knew of these.
Johann Friedrich Agricola - Johann Friedrich Agricola Johann Friedrich Agricola (January 4, 1720 - December 2, 1774) was a German composer, organist, singer, teacher and writer on music. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Flavio Anicio Olibrio. He was born in Dobitschen. While a student of law at Leipzig he studied music under Johann Sebastian Bach. In 1741 he went to Berlin, where he studied musical composition under Johann Joachim Quantz. He was soon generally recognized as one of the most skillful organists of his time. The success of his comic opera, Il Filosofo convinto in amore, performed at Potsdam in 1750, led to an appointment as court composer to Frederick the Great. In 1759, on the death of Karl Heinrich Graun, he was appointed conductor of the royal orchestra..
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger - Johann Georg Albrechtsberger Johann Georg Albrechtberger (February 3, 1736 - March 7, 1809) was an Austrian musician who was born at Kloster-Neuburg, near Vienna. He studied musical composition under the court organist, Mann, and became one of the most learned and skillful contrapuntists of his age. After being employed as organist at Raab and Maria-Taferl, he was appointed in 1772 organist to the court of Vienna, and in 1792 Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's cathedral. His fame as a theorist attracted to him in the Austrian capital a large number of pupils, some of whom afterwards became eminent musicians. Among these were Beethoven, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Ignaz Moscheles and Josef Weigl (1766-1846). Albrechtsberger died in Vienna. His published compositions consist of preludes, fugues and sonatas for the.
Johann Heinrich Alsted - Johann Heinrich Alsted Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588-1638) was a German Protestant divine. He was some time professor of philosophy and theology at Herborn, in Nassau, and afterwards at Weissenburg in Transylvania, where he remained till his death in 1638. He was a prolific writer, and his Encyclopaedia (1630), the most considerable of the earlier works of that class, was long held in high estimation..
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 - March 22, 1832) was a German writer, scientist, and philosopher. Goethe was the author of Faust (ISBN 0385031149) and Theory of Colors (ISBN 0262570211), etc. He inspired Darwin with his independent discovery of the human premaxilla jaw bones. Goethe was born at Frankfurt am Main, Germany. His father was a man of means and position, and he personally supervised the early education of his son. The young Goethe studied at the universities of Leipzig and Strasbourg, and in 1772 entered upon the practice of law at Wetzlar. At the invitation of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, he went in 1775 to live in Weimar, where he held a succession of political offices, becoming the.
Johann Bayer - Johann Bayer Johann Bayer (1572-1625) was a German astronomer. His great work was the star atlas Uranometria, published in Augsburg in 1603, which was the first atlas to cover the entire celestial sphere. It contained 51 charts, one for each of Ptolemy's 48 constellations, one for the southernmost skies which were unknown to Ptolemy, and two planispheres. Uranometria introduced the Bayer designations, which are still used today, as well as some of the modern constellations..
Johann Elert Bode - Johann Elert Bode Johann Elert Bode (1747-1826) was a German astronomer known for his contribution to the Titius-Bode law. Bode was the director of the Berlin Observatory, where he published Uranographia in 1801, one of the first successful attempts at mapping all stars visible to the naked eye without any artistic interpretation of the stellar constellation figures..
Johann Tobias Krebs - Johann Tobias Krebs Johann Tobias Krebs died: February 11,1762 , composer..
Johann von Werth - Johann von Werth Count Johann von Werth (1595-1652)was a German general of cavalry in the Thirty Years' War. Born between 1590 and 1600 at Büttgen in the duchy of Jülich. His parents belonged to the numerous class of the lesser nobility, and at an early age he left home to follow the career of a soldier of fortune in the Walloon cavalry of the Spanish service. In 1622, at the taking of Jülich, he won promotion to the rank of lieutenant. He served as a colonel of cavalry in the Bavarian army in 1630. He obtained the command of a regiment, both titular and effective, in 1632, and in 1633 and 1634 laid the foundations of his reputation as a swift and terrible leader of cavalry.
Johann Georg - Johann Georg Johann Georg Hohenzollern (1525-1598) was the Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg from 1571 until his death. Faced with large debts accumulated during the reign of his father Joachim II, he instituted a grain tax which drove part of the peasantry into dependence on the exempt nobility. Though a staunch Lutheran opposed to the rise of Calvinism, he permitted the admission of Calvinist refugees from the wars in the Spanish Netherlands and France. He was succceeded by his son Joachim Friedrich. Upon the death of Albert of Prussia his father Joachim II Hector had become co-inheritor of Prussia. Joachim II died in 1571 and Johann Georg received the margraviate Brandenburg and the duchy of Prussia. External Link: http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/desbillons/eico/seite33.html - A portrait with ducal title.
