John Kendrew - John Kendrew John Cowdery Kendrew (March 24 1917 - August 1997), molecular biologist. John Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Max Perutz for determining the first atomic structures of proteins using crystallography. Their work was done at what is now the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. Kendrew determined the structure of the protein myoglobin, which transports oxygen in muscle cells..
University of Manchester - (in Manchester, England) began in 1851 as Owen's College (named after John Owens), a textile merchant who left a bequest of £96,942 for the purpose. It moved to its current location in 1873, and was granted its Royal Charter in 1880 - becoming the Victoria University. In 1903, the University's colleges in Leeds and Liverpool became independent universities in their own right (the University of Leeds and the University of Liverpool), and the university became the Victoria University of Manchester. It is now known as the "University of Manchester", and has over 18,000 full-time students (including 2500 international students from more than 120 countries). It is one of the top universities in the country, regularly getting top ratings for research and teaching. On 5 March 2003 it was announced that the.
1962 - Events Sino-Indian War border dispute involving two of the world's largest nations (between India and the People's Republic of China). January 1 - Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. January 3 - Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. January 4 - New York City introduces a train that operates without a crew on-board. January 8 - Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time (National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC). January 9 - Trade pact between Cuba and the Soviet Union January 10 - Avalanche on Nevado Huascarán in Peru; 4000 deaths. January 22 - The Organization of American States (OAS) suspends Cuba's membership. January 26 - Ranger 3 is launched to study the moon. The space probe later missed the moon.
X-ray crystallography - of a substance can often be inferred by quantitative study of this pattern. It is widely used in chemistry and biochemistry to determine the structures of molecules, including DNA and proteins. The first protein structure was of myoglobin, as determined by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, which led to a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. X-ray crystallography played a major role in elucidating the double-helix structure of DNA. See Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick. Today X-ray crystallography is often used determine how drugs, such as anti-cancer medications, can be improved to better influence their protein targets. To determine a structure, the substance must first be crystallized. This can be a painstaking procedure for macromolecules such as DNA. Then the crystals are harvested and often frozen with liquid.
Timeline of biology and organic chemistry - von Stradonitz realizes that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring. 1869 - Friedrich Miescher discovers nucleic acids in the nuclei of cells. 1874 - Jacobus van 't Hoff and Joseph-Achille Le Bel advance a three-dimensional stereochemical representation of organic molecules and propose a tetrahedral carbon atom. 1876 - Oskar Hertwig and Hermann Fol show that fertilized eggs possess both male and female nuclei. 1884 - Emil Fischer begins his detailed analysis of the compositions and structures of sugars. 1898 - Martinus Beijerinck uses filtering experiments to show that tobacco mosaic disease is caused by something smaller than a bacteria which he names a virus. 1906 - Mikhail Tsvett discovers the chromatography technique for organic compound separation. 1907 - Ivan Pavlov demonstrates conditioned responses with salivating.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry - their contributions to chemical high pressure methods 1932 Irving Langmuir for his work in surface chemistry 1934 Harold Clayton Urey for his discovery of heavy hydrogen 1935 Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie for their synthesis of new radioactive elements 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases 1937 Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 1938 Richard Kuhn for his work on carotenoids and vitamins 1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes 1943 George de Hevesy for his work on the.
Max Perutz - field of molecular biology. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1962, for his invention (with John Kendrew) of crystallographic techniques which allowed them and others to determine the atomic structure of proteins for the first time. Perutz determined the structure of the protein hemoglobin which transports oxygen in blood. He founded the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. His long and productive career in biology continued right up to his death in 2002..
Myoglobin - related, this protein does not exhibit cooperative binding of oxygen. Instead, the binding of oxygen by myoglobin is unaffected by the oxygen tension in the surrounding tissue. In 1957, John Kendrew and associates successfully determined the structure of myoglobin by high-resolution X-ray crystallography. For this, in 1962, John Kendrew shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry with Max Perutz. See also hemoglobin, hemoprotein.
List of chemistry topics - Ahmed H. Zewail -- Alabaster -- Alan G MacDiarmid -- Alan J Heeger -- Albertus Magnus -- Albite -- alchemical symbol -- alchemist -- Alchemy -- alcohol -- aldehyde -- Alexandrite -- Alfred Stock -- Alfred Werner -- alicyclic compound -- aliphatic compound -- Alkali -- Alkali metal -- Alkaline earth -- alkane -- alkene -- Allingite -- allotrope -- Allotropy -- alloy -- Alum -- Aluminium -- Aluminium gallium arsenide -- Aluminium oxide -- Alunite -- Alvite -- amalgams -- Amazonite -- Amber -- Amblygonite -- Amedeo Avogadro -- Americium -- Amethyst -- amide -- amine -- amino acid -- Ammonia -- ammonium -- Ammonium nitrate -- Ammonium perchlorate -- Amphibole -- Analcim -- Analcite -- Analytical chemistry -- Anatase -- ancient Greece -- Ancient Greek -- Andalusite -- Andesite.
List of Governors of Western Australia - of Western Australia 2000 - present Lieut. General John SANDERSON, AC 1993 - 2000 Major-General Michael JEFFERY, AC, AO(Mil), CVO, MC 1990 - 1993 Hon Sir Francis BURT, AC, KCMG, QC 1984 - 1989 Professor Gordon REID, AC 1980 - 1983 Rear-Admiral Sir Richard TROWBRIDGE, KCVO 1975 - 1980 Air Chief Marshal Sir Wallace KYLE GCB, KCVO, CBE, DSO, DFC 1974 - 1975 Air Commodore Sir Hughie EDWARDS VC, KCMG, CB, DSO, OBE, DFC 1963 - 1973 Major-General Sir Douglas KENDREW KCMG, CB, CBE, DSO 1951 - 1963 Lieut.-General Sir Charles Henry GAIRDNER, GBE, KCMG, KCVO, CB 1948 - 1951 Hon. Sir James MITCHELL, GCMG 1933 - 1948 Lieut.-Governor The Hon. Sir James MITCHELL, GCMG 1924 - 1931 Colonel Sir William CAMPION, KCMG DSO 1920 - 1924 Sir Francis Alexander NEWDIGATE.
List of biochemists - Prize in Physiology or Medicine, glycogen research. D Henrik Carl Peter Dam, (1895-1976), Danish, 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Christian de Duve, (born 1917), British-born Belgian, 1974 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine E F Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, (1910-1999), Polish, viral research. Kazimierz Funk, (1884-1967), Polish, see Vitamin G Walter Gilbert, (born 1932), American, 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry see Biogen Duane Gish, (???), ???, see Institute for Creation Research. H John Haldane, (?-?), British Dorothy Hodgkin, (1910-1994), British, Crystallographer 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work in determining the structure of important biochemical molecules. I J K Sir Bernard Katz (1911-2003), German-born, 1970 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for work on nerve biochemistry and the pineal gland. Stuart Alan Kauffman, (born 1939), ???, John Kendrew, (1917-1997), British. Nobel.
King John - King John King John is one of Shakespeare's history plays. The play details the history of Richard the Lionhearted's younger brother, King John of England. The play opens with a demand from the French King that King John abdicate in favor of his elder brother, Geffery's son, Arthur. The five acts follow a dizzying change of alliances, Papal excommunication and subsequent acceptance, and ends finally with King John's death at the hands of a monk. Throughout the play, a character known as "The Bastard" delivers a commentary on nobility, "commodity" and English sovereignty. Cast King John Prince Henry, son to the King (the future Henry III) Arthur, Duke of Britain, nephew to the King (Arthur I, Duke of Brittany) Earl of Pembroke (William Marshal) Earl of Essex.
Vernor Vinge - which we cannot even speculate about the consequences. Vinge published his first short story, "Bookworm, Run!", in 1965 in Analog Science Fiction, then edited by John W. Campbell. He was then a moderately prolific contributor to SF magazines in the 1960s and early 1970s, including adapting two of his stories into a short novel, Grimm's World (1969), and publishing a second novel, The Witling (1975). Vinge came to prominence in 1981 with his novella "True Names", which is one of the earliest stories to present a fully fleshed-out concept of cyberspace, which would later be central to stories by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and others (and particularly to the cyberpunk genre). His next two novels, The Peace War (1984) and Marooned in Realtime (1986), concern the impact of a technology which.
Kathleen Kennedy - Hartington, was the daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr and sister of U.S. president John F. Kennedy. She married William Cavendish (1917-1944), Marquess of Hartington and son of the 10th Duke of Devonshire, who was killed in action in World War II. She died in an airplane crash four years later. See also: Kennedy family.
Kansas (band) - Leftoverture (1976) was released, Kansas was popular enough for the album to be a smash hit and a constant presence on the burgeoning AOR radio format, as was the followup Point of Know Return (1977). After a few more albums, Kansas began to fall apart in the early 1980s. Hope and Livgren became born-again Christians and Walsh formed a new band, replaced by John Elefante. In spite of a successful 1982 album called Vinyl Confessions, the group split in 1983, only to reform in 1986 with the album Power. The 1990s saw a string of barely noticed releases, and Kansas has continued to tour sporadically, but the band has never been able to regain any mass popularity or critical notice..
Karl of Austria - of Hungary in the early 1920s. Karl has generally been seen by historians as an honourable figure who tried as emperor-king to halt World War I. On 14 April 2003 the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints, in the presence of Pope John Paul II, promulgated Karl of Austria's "heroic virtues", a step on the road to sainthood in Roman Catholicism. Karl was the son of Archduke Otto Franz Joseph, younger brother of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand (whose assassination triggered off World War I), and of Princess Josepha of Saxony. In 1911 he was married to Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, a daughter of the exiled Duke of Parma. Their oldest son and current head of the Habsburg family is Otto von Habsburg, who served as a German Member of the.
Vermont - allowing Vermont's land and forest to recover from the excesses of human beings. The accompanying lack of industry has allowed Vermont to avoid many of the ill-effects of 20th century industrial busts, effects that still plague neighboring states. Today, much of Vermont's forest consists of second-growth. Of the remaining industries, dairy farming is the primary source of agricultural income. Vermont dairy is exported to the rest of the world by companies like Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream and Cabot Cheese. Vermont's natural beauty and social tolerance has also made it attractive to independent thinkers, unique companies and cottage industries such as The Vermont Teddy Bear Company and King Arthur Flour. Tourism, numerous summer camps, furniture-making and skiing also make up a large component of Vermont's income. Trout fishing, lake fishing and.
Kathryn Grayson - who was born Zelma Kathryn Hedrick. She married twice, first to actor John Shelton, second to actor/singer Johnnie Johnston. She has one daughter. The petite soprano was one of MGM Studios top sopranos of the 1940s & 1950s. She started out with dreams of being in opera, but MGM scooped her up to be in films. Some consider her role as Lili Vanessi in Kiss Me, Kate as her best. She also played Magnolia in the 1951 version of Show Boat. She left the movies in 1956 for the stage and fulfilled her dream of being in opera. She was nominated for an Emmy in 1955 for her performance as a blind girl in General Electric Theater's Shadow On The Heart..
Kazumi Watanabe - Instrumental rock, and a Blues performer. Similar Jazz performers are Jamaaladeen Tacuma, John Scofield, and Arturo Sandoval. Discography Infinite (1972) Endless Way (1974) Milky Shade (1976) Lonesome Cat (1977) Olives Step (1977) Mermaid Boulevard (1978) Kylyn (1979) To Chi Ka (1980) Dogatana (1981) Mobo, Vol. 1 (1982) Mobo, Vol. 2 (1983) Mobo Club (1983) Mobo Splash (1985) Good Time For Love (1986) Spice Of Life (1987) Spice Of Life II (1988) Kilowatt (1989) Pandora (1992).
Katherine Mansfield - New Zealand, she moved permanently to Europe as a young woman, met and married John Middleton Murry, contracted tuberculosis in 1917. Later she joined the Gurdjieff commune south of Paris France called the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man and died there at Fontainebleau. She is buried in the cemetery in the Fontainebleau district in the town of Avon where there is a street named in her honour. A writer of short stories, Mansfield developed the techniques of Anton Chekhov in the genre. Much of her work reflects her New Zealand childhood. Bibliography: In a German Pension, 1911 Bliss, 1920 The Garden Party, 1922 plus numerous posthumous collections, letters and diaries.
