John Pople - John Pople John Anthony Pople (born October 31, 1925) is a theoretical chemist. Born in England, he came to the United States of America in the 1950s, where he has resided since then, though retaining British citizenship. He received his B. A. (in 19__) and doctorate (in 1951) degrees in mathematics, from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. His thesis was, however, on a topic that would generally be considered chemistry: the bonding structures of water. Pople to this day considers himself more of a mathematician than a chemist, but theoretical chemists consider him one of the most important of their number. His first major contribution was a theory of approximate molecular orbital (MO) calculations on pi electron systems in 1953, identical to the one developed.
John Lennard-Jones - John Lennard-Jones John Edward Lennard-Jones (1894 - 1954) was a mathematician who held a chair of theoretical physics at Bristol University, and then a chair of theoretical science at Cambridge University. He may be regarded as the father of modern computational chemistry. Lennard-Jones is well-known among scientists for his work on molecular structure, valency and intermolecular forces. Much research in these areas over several decades grew from a paper he published in 1929. His theories of liquids and of surface catalysis also remain influential. He wrote few papers, but was very innovative. His main interest was in atomic and molecular structure, especially the forces between atomic particles, the nature of chemical bonds and such basic matters as why water expands when it freezes. Holding the first.
1998 - the moon's surface. January 8 - Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the World Trade Center bombing. January 8 - Cosmologists announce that the expansion rate of the universe is increasing. January 12 - 19 European nations agree to forbid human cloning. January 14 - Researchers in Dallas, Texas present findings about an enzyme the slows aging and cell death (apoptosis). January 15 - The stalker of Howard Stern, Lance Carvin, is sentenced to 2 1/2 years for threatening to kill Stern and his family. January 16 - NASA announces that John Glenn will return to space when Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off in October 1998. January 17 - Paula Jones accuses President Bill Clinton of sexual harassment January 22 - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski pleads guilty.
1998 in science - crust of ice. March 5 - NASA announced that that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon had found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station. May 23 - Explorer I ceases transmission. July 5 - Japan launches a probe to Mars, and thus joins the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation. October 29 - Space Shuttle Discovery blasts-off with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space. He became the first American to orbit Earth on February 20, 1962. The first of four 8.4 m reflecting telescopes opens in the Very Large Telescope program of the European Southern Observatory at Cerro Paranal in Chile. Biology July 17 - Biologists report in the journal Science.
Copley Medal - made annually, others at different intervals according to their terms of reference). The Copley Medal alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences, and the winners are selected by Fellows of the Society. Past laureates include: 1731 Stephen Gray 1732 Stephen Gray 1739 Stephen Hales 1744 Henry Baker 1748 James Bradley 1749 John Harrison 1753 Benjamin Franklin 1759 John Smeaton 1772 Joseph Priestley 1775 Nevil Maskelyne 1776 James Cook 1781 William Herschel 1784 Edward Waring 1787 John Hunter 1794 Alessandro Volta 1802 William Hyde Wollaston 1805 Humphry Davy 1815 David Brewster 1817 Henry Kater 1820 Hans Christian Orsted 1821 Edward Sabine 1822 William Buckland 1823 John Pond 1824 John Brinkley 1825 François Arago; Peter Barlow 1827 William Prout 1831 George Biddell Airy 1832 Michael Faraday; Simeon Poisson 1835 William Snow.
Robert G. Parr - in 1974 to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he received appointment to an endowed professorship in 1990 and where he now teaches. Together with Rudolph Pariser, he developed a method of computing approximate molecular orbitals for pi electron systems, published in 1953. (Since an identical procedure was derived by John A. Pople the same year, it is generally referred to as the Pariser-Parr-Pople method or PPP method.).
Rudolph Pariser - Marsh on July 31, 1972. He spent most of his active life as a polymer chemist at DuPont and now heads his own company. He is best known for his work with Robert G. Parr on the method of molecular orbital computation now known (because it was independently developed by John A. Pople) as the Pariser-Parr-Pople method (PPP method), published both by Pariser and Parr and by Pople in almost simultaneous papers in 1953..
Quantum chemistry - is often considered the first true calculation in quantum chemistry was that of the German scientists Walter Heitler and Fritz London (though Heitler and London are generally classed as physicists) on the hydrogen (H2) molecule in 1927. Heitler and London's method was extended by the American chemists John C. Slater and Linus Pauling to become the Valence-Bond (VB) [or Heitler-London-Slater-Pauling (HLSP)] method. In this method, attention is primarily devoted to the pairwise interactions of atoms, and this method therefore correlates closely with classical chemists' drawing of bonds between atoms. An alternative approach was developed by Friedrich Hund and Robert S. Mulliken, in which the electrons are described by mathematical functions delocalized over an entire molecule. The Hund-Mulliken approach [or molecular orbital (MO) method] is less intuitive to chemists, but since it.
October 31 - Paulo, Brazil killing 98 including 2 on the ground 1998 - Iraq disarmament crisis begins: Iraq announces it would no longer cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors. 1999 - EgyptAir Flight 990 traveling from New York City to Cairo crashes off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing all 217 on-board. 1999 - Roman Catholic Church and Lutheran Church leaders sign the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, ending a centuries-old doctrinal dispute over the nature of faith and salvation. 1999 - An EgyptAir Boeing 767-300 crashes off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing 217 2000 - A Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 crashes immediately after takeoff in Taipei, Taiwan killing 81 2000 - A chartered Antonov AN-26 explodes after takeoff in Northern Angola killing 50 2000 - The last Multics machine.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry - their contributions to chemical high pressure methods 1932 Irving Langmuir for his work in surface chemistry 1934 Harold Clayton Urey for his discovery of heavy hydrogen 1935 Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie for their synthesis of new radioactive elements 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases 1937 Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 1938 Richard Kuhn for his work on carotenoids and vitamins 1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes 1943 George de Hevesy for his work on the.
List of chemists - American chemist, winner of 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Wallace Carothers (1896-1937), American chemist Marie Curie, (1867-1934), Polish-born French radiation physicist Pierre Curie, (1859-1906) Robert Curl, winner of 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry D John Dalton, (1766-1844), physicist Henrik Carl Peter Dam, (1895-1976), Danish biochemist, winner of the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Humphry Davy, (1778-1829) Peter Debye, (1884-1966) Sir James Dewar Davorin Dolar, (born 1921), chemist. E Richard R. Ernst, (born 1933), 1991 Nobel Prize in Chemistry F Michael Faraday, (1791-1867), scientist Emil Hermann Fischer, (1852-1919), not to be confused with : Franz Joseph Emil Fischer Carl Remigius Fresenius Alexander Naumovich Frumkin, (1895-1976), electrochemist G Ljubo Golic, (born 1932), chemist. Francois Auguste Victor Grignard Thomas Graham not to be confused with : William Hardin Graham ??? H Fritz.
List of chemistry topics - Ahmed H. Zewail -- Alabaster -- Alan G MacDiarmid -- Alan J Heeger -- Albertus Magnus -- Albite -- alchemical symbol -- alchemist -- Alchemy -- alcohol -- aldehyde -- Alexandrite -- Alfred Stock -- Alfred Werner -- alicyclic compound -- aliphatic compound -- Alkali -- Alkali metal -- Alkaline earth -- alkane -- alkene -- Allingite -- allotrope -- Allotropy -- alloy -- Alum -- Aluminium -- Aluminium gallium arsenide -- Aluminium oxide -- Alunite -- Alvite -- amalgams -- Amazonite -- Amber -- Amblygonite -- Amedeo Avogadro -- Americium -- Amethyst -- amide -- amine -- amino acid -- Ammonia -- ammonium -- Ammonium nitrate -- Ammonium perchlorate -- Amphibole -- Analcim -- Analcite -- Analytical chemistry -- Anatase -- ancient Greece -- Ancient Greek -- Andalusite -- Andesite.
List of people by name: Po - - Z Pa-Pd - Pe - Pf-Pg - Ph - Pi - Pj-Pn - Po - Pp - Pq - Pr - Ps - Pt - Pu - Pv-Pz Pocahontas, (c. 1595-1617), Native American woman Pockaj, Dusa, (1924-1982), actress. Podkopayeva, Lilia, (born 1978), gymnast Poe, Edgar Allan, (1809-1849), US writer, poet Pogacnik, Joze, (born 1932), film director, scenarist Pohl, Frederik, (born 1919), US science fiction author Poindexter, John, US Poisson, Simeon, (1781-1840), mathematician, physicist Poitier, Sidney, (born 1927), US African-American actor Polanski, Roman, (born 1933), Polish film director and actor Polgar, Judit, (born 1976), chess player Polgar, Zsuzsa, (born 1969), chess player Po, Li, (701-762), the Poet Immortal Poliakoff, Stephen, (born 1952), playwright Polidori, John William, (1795-1821) Polke, Sigmar, (born 1941), painter Polkinghorne, John, (born 1930), physicist Polk, James K, (1795-1849),.
King John - King John King John is one of Shakespeare's history plays. The play details the history of Richard the Lionhearted's younger brother, King John of England. The play opens with a demand from the French King that King John abdicate in favor of his elder brother, Geffery's son, Arthur. The five acts follow a dizzying change of alliances, Papal excommunication and subsequent acceptance, and ends finally with King John's death at the hands of a monk. Throughout the play, a character known as "The Bastard" delivers a commentary on nobility, "commodity" and English sovereignty. Cast King John Prince Henry, son to the King (the future Henry III) Arthur, Duke of Britain, nephew to the King (Arthur I, Duke of Brittany) Earl of Pembroke (William Marshal) Earl of Essex.
Vernor Vinge - which we cannot even speculate about the consequences. Vinge published his first short story, "Bookworm, Run!", in 1965 in Analog Science Fiction, then edited by John W. Campbell. He was then a moderately prolific contributor to SF magazines in the 1960s and early 1970s, including adapting two of his stories into a short novel, Grimm's World (1969), and publishing a second novel, The Witling (1975). Vinge came to prominence in 1981 with his novella "True Names", which is one of the earliest stories to present a fully fleshed-out concept of cyberspace, which would later be central to stories by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and others (and particularly to the cyberpunk genre). His next two novels, The Peace War (1984) and Marooned in Realtime (1986), concern the impact of a technology which.
Kathleen Kennedy - Hartington, was the daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr and sister of U.S. president John F. Kennedy. She married William Cavendish (1917-1944), Marquess of Hartington and son of the 10th Duke of Devonshire, who was killed in action in World War II. She died in an airplane crash four years later. See also: Kennedy family.
Kansas (band) - Leftoverture (1976) was released, Kansas was popular enough for the album to be a smash hit and a constant presence on the burgeoning AOR radio format, as was the followup Point of Know Return (1977). After a few more albums, Kansas began to fall apart in the early 1980s. Hope and Livgren became born-again Christians and Walsh formed a new band, replaced by John Elefante. In spite of a successful 1982 album called Vinyl Confessions, the group split in 1983, only to reform in 1986 with the album Power. The 1990s saw a string of barely noticed releases, and Kansas has continued to tour sporadically, but the band has never been able to regain any mass popularity or critical notice..
Karl of Austria - of Hungary in the early 1920s. Karl has generally been seen by historians as an honourable figure who tried as emperor-king to halt World War I. On 14 April 2003 the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints, in the presence of Pope John Paul II, promulgated Karl of Austria's "heroic virtues", a step on the road to sainthood in Roman Catholicism. Karl was the son of Archduke Otto Franz Joseph, younger brother of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand (whose assassination triggered off World War I), and of Princess Josepha of Saxony. In 1911 he was married to Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, a daughter of the exiled Duke of Parma. Their oldest son and current head of the Habsburg family is Otto von Habsburg, who served as a German Member of the.
Vermont - allowing Vermont's land and forest to recover from the excesses of human beings. The accompanying lack of industry has allowed Vermont to avoid many of the ill-effects of 20th century industrial busts, effects that still plague neighboring states. Today, much of Vermont's forest consists of second-growth. Of the remaining industries, dairy farming is the primary source of agricultural income. Vermont dairy is exported to the rest of the world by companies like Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream and Cabot Cheese. Vermont's natural beauty and social tolerance has also made it attractive to independent thinkers, unique companies and cottage industries such as The Vermont Teddy Bear Company and King Arthur Flour. Tourism, numerous summer camps, furniture-making and skiing also make up a large component of Vermont's income. Trout fishing, lake fishing and.
Kathryn Grayson - who was born Zelma Kathryn Hedrick. She married twice, first to actor John Shelton, second to actor/singer Johnnie Johnston. She has one daughter. The petite soprano was one of MGM Studios top sopranos of the 1940s & 1950s. She started out with dreams of being in opera, but MGM scooped her up to be in films. Some consider her role as Lili Vanessi in Kiss Me, Kate as her best. She also played Magnolia in the 1951 version of Show Boat. She left the movies in 1956 for the stage and fulfilled her dream of being in opera. She was nominated for an Emmy in 1955 for her performance as a blind girl in General Electric Theater's Shadow On The Heart..
