Joséphine de Beauharnais - Joséphine de Beauharnais Joséphine de Beauharnais (June 23, 1763 - May 29, 1814), Empress of France. She was born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie in Troits-Ilets, Martinique. In 1779 she married a French army officer, Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais; he was guillotined during the Reign of Terror in 1794. With him she had a son, Eugène de Beauharnais (1781-1824), and a daughter, Hortense de Beauharnais (1783-1837). By her son's daughter, Josephine of Leuchtenberg, wife of King Oscar I of Sweden, she is a direct ancestress of the present royal houses of Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein. As a widow, Joséphine de Beauharnais was mistress to several leading political figures. She met General Napoleon Bonaparte and married him in 1796. Joséphine is said.
Josephine-Charlotte of Belgium - with her parents, Prince Léopold (who was to be King Leopold III) and Princess Astrid. Her mother, a princess of Sweden and a direct descendant of Josephine de Beauharnais, was killed in an automobile accident in 1935 at age 29. Princess Joséphine-Charlotte first attended school at the Royal Palace where a small class had been organized for her. At the end of 1940 she entered a boarding school and then continued her education with her own private teachers. On June 7, 1944, the day after the Allied Forces landed in Normandy, France, she and her father were sent to Germany and kept there under house arrest. The Royal Family, which included her brothers Baudouin and Albert and their stepmother, Mary Lilian Baels, Princess de Réthy, was freed on May 7, 1945.
Hortense de Beauharnais - Hortense de Beauharnais Hortense de Beauharnais (April 10, 1783 - October 5, 1837), was the Queen of Holland and mother of the Emperor Napoleon III of France. Hortense was born in Paris, France, to Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie and Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais. After her father's execution during the Reign of Terror, her mother married Napoleon Bonaparte. At Napoleon's request, Hortense married his brother Louis Bonaparte. Napoleon appointed the couple King and Queen of Holland. Although three sons were born to the marriage (one of them the future Napoleon III), it was an unhappy one (the identity of at least one of the children's fathers is open to debate), and they separated in 1810. With her lover, the Count of Flahaut, Hortense gave birth to a.
Eugène de Beauharnais - Eugène de Beauharnais Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (September 3, 1781 - February 21, 1824) was the first child and only son of Joséphine de Tascher de la Pagerie and Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais. He was born in Paris, France and became the stepson and adopted child of Napoleon, following the execution of his father during the Reign of Terror. In 1804 he was made an official member of the imperial family as His Imperial Highness Eugene de Beauharnais, Prince of France. In 1805, he added Viceroy of Italy to his titles. In 1807, he was named Prince of Venice. He was created Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt by his stepfather in 1810 and made Duke of Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eistadt by his father-in-law in 1817. Beauharnais.
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden - Bernadotte, who was adopted by the childless Swedish king Charles XIII and made his heir, and of Napoleon's former lover, Desirée Clary, who married Bernadotte. She is also a direct descendant of Napoleon's wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais, whose granddaughter married the Bernadottes' son, King Oscar I of Sweden. The old principle of agnatic primogeniture, which meant that the throne was inherited by the eldest male child of the preceding monarch, was replaced by the principle of full cognatic primogeniture. This meant that the throne would be inherited by the eldest child without regard to sex, and Sweden was the first country to adopt it. King Carl XVI Gustav himself, born in 1946, had been a fifth child, with four older sisters. As a princess, and as heir to the throne, Victoria.
June 23 - Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. 1985 - An Air India Boeing 747 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, South of Ireland killing 329 1991 - Sonic the Hedgehog is released for the Sega Genesis in North America. Births 1763 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (+ 1814). 1887 - Ernst Rowohlt, publisher (+ 1960). 1894 - Alfred Kinsey, entomologist, sexologist (+ 1956). 1894 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, Duke of Windsor (+ 1972). 1905 - Mary Livingstone, actress, wife of Jack Benny (+ 1983). 1906 - Wolfgang Koeppen, author (+ 1996). 1910 - Jean Anouilh, dramatist (+ 1987). 1912 - Alan Turing, mathematician (+ 1954). 1916 - Hermann Gmeiner, pedagogue (+ 1986). 1916 - Irene Worth, actress (+ 2002). 1929 - June Carter Cash, country.
Haakon VII of Norway - Frederick VIII of Denmark, a younger brother of king Christian X of Denmark and a grandson of king Carl IV of Sweden. He is a direct descendant of Josephine de Beauharnais, the first wife of Napoleon. Prince Carl becomes king on November 18, 1905 and was crowned at Trondheim in June 1906. The king married Princess Maud, youngest daughter of Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Their son, Prince Olav, was born in 1903. At Haakon's death in 1957 Prince Olav succeeded as Olav V. Preceded by: Oscar II List of Norwegian monarchs Succeeded by: Olav V.
Harald V of Norway - the first King of Norway to have been born in the country since King Olav IV was born there in 1370, and he is also a direct descendant of Joséphine de Beauharnais, the first wife of Napoleon. Harald lived in Washington, DC during World War II, but returned to Norway to complete his education at the Norwegian Military Academy and then at Balliol College, Oxford. Harald married a commoner, Sonja Haraldsen, in 1968, a marriage which sparked much public controversy. The couple have two children, Princess Märtha Louise and Crown Prince Haakon Magnus. Harald became King of Norway upon the death of his father on January 17, 1991. An avid sailor, Harald represented Norway in the yachting events in the Olympic Games several times during his Crown Prince years, and carried.
History of Baden, Germany - In 1771 Augustus George of Baden-Baden died without sons, and his territories passed to Charles Frederick, who thus finally became ruler of the whole of Baden. Although Baden was united under a single ruler, the territory was not united in its customs and tolls, tax structure, laws or government. Baden did not even form a compact territory, consisting of a number of isolated districts lying on either bank of the upper Rhine. His opportunity for territorial aggrandisement came during the Napoleonic wars. When the French Revolution threatened to be exported throughout Europe in 1792, Baden joined forces against France, and was countryside was devastated once more. In 1796 the margrave was compelled to pay an indemnity, and to cede his territories on the left bank of the Rhine to France. Fortune,.
February 21 - 1952) 1885 - Sacha Guitry, dramatist, writer, director, actor (†1957) 1893 - Andrés Segovia, musician (†1987) 1895 - Henrik Carl Peter Dam Danish biochemist, winner of the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (†1976) 1903 - Anaïs Nin, writer (†1977) 1907 - W. H. Auden, English poet (†1973) 1925 - Sam Peckinpah, director (†1984) 1924 - Robert Mugabe First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe 1927 - Erma Bombeck, writer, humorist (†1996) 1927 - Hubert de Givenchy, fashion designer 1933 - Nina Simone, singer 1936 - Barbara Jordan, American politician from Texas (†1996) 1937 - King Harald V of Norway 1942 - Margarethe von Trotta, actor, film director, writer 1943 - David Geffen, producer 1946 - Tyne Daly, actress 1946 - Alan Rickman, actor.
First French Empire - to make this his Cisalpine Gaul, laying siege to the Roman state on every hand, and preparing in the Concordat for the moral and material servitude of the pope. When he recognised his error in having raised the papacy from decadence by restoring its power over the churches, he tried in vain to correct it by the Articles Organiques ? wanting, like Charlemagne, to be the legal protector of the pope, and eventually master of the Church. To conceal his plan he aroused French colonial aspirations against England, and also the memory of the spoliations of 1763, exasperating English jealousy of France, whose borders now extended to the Rhine, and laying hands on Hanover, Hamburg and Cuxhaven. By the "Recess" of 1803, which brought to his side Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden,.
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt - he was for twenty-three years government inspector of his school of arts and crafts, which had been removed to Chalons. He was one of the first promoters of vaccination in France; he established a dispensary in Paris, and he was an active member of the central boards of administration for hospitals, prisons and agriculture. His opposition to the government in the House of Peers led to his removal in 1823 from the honorary positions he held, while the vaccination committee, of which he was president, was suppressed. The academies of science and of medicine admitted him to their membership by way of protest. Official hostility pursued him even after his death, for the old pupils of his school were charged by the military at his funeral. His works, chiefly on economic.
1781 - Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason. Jeremy Bentham formulates utilitarian ethics. Reverend Samuel Peters publishes General History of Connecticut, using the term blue law for the first time. Births January 26 - Achim von Arnim, poet (+ 1831) January 30 - Adelbert von Chamisso, poet, botanist (+ 1838) February 17 - Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician, inventor of stethoscope (+ 1826) March 4 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator, philanthropist (+ 1869) March 13 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, master builder (+ 1841) June 21 - Simeon Poisson, French mathematician, physicist (+ 1840) July 6 - Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore (+ 1826) July 6 - John D. Sloat, American naval officer (+ 1867) September 3 - Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Napoleon’s wife, Josephine September 6 - Anton Diabelli, music.
1763 - Marshal, later King Charles XIV John of Sweden and Charles III John of Norway February 29 - Ann Lee, founder of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing ("Shakers") March 9 - William Cobbett, journalist and author (+ 1835) March 13 - Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French soldier (+ 1815) March 21 - Jean Paul, poet and publicist (+ 1825) June 20 - Theobald Wolfe Tone, Irish patriot (†1798) June 23 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France. July 17 - John Jacob Astor, entrepreneur (+ 1848) December 25 - Claude Chappe, telecommunication pioneer (in semaphore relays). December 28 - John Molson, Canadian entrepreneur (+ 1836) Deaths February 12 - Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright. Monarchs/Presidents China - Qianlong Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (reigned from October 18,.
1814 - the Battle of Lake Champlain November 28 - London Times newspaper becomes the first to be printed on a steam-powered press. December 24 - peace treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 between United States and Britain. George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blutcher Alexandria, Virginia is threatened by the British fleet and pays $100,000 for immunity from attack. John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy '1814 in literature:'\ Births January 27 - Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, French architect May 30 - Michael Bakunin, anarchist (+ 1876) August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer November 6 - Adolphe Sax, instrument maker, inventor of the saxophone.
1824 - United States Constitution). Ongoing events First Burmese War (1823-1826) Births January 8 - Wilkie Collins, novelist (d. 1889) January 21 - Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, Confederate Army general (d. 1863) March 2 - Bedrich Smetana, composer May 23 - Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general (d. 1881) September 4 - Anton Bruckner, composer October 5 - Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and historian December 14 - Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, painter George MacDonald, writer (d. 1905) Deaths February 21 - Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Napoleon's wife, Josephine April 19 - George Gordon Byron, later 6th Baron Byron, poet May 26 - Capel Lofft, writer September 16 - Louis XVIII of France Heads of states Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839) Prussia - Frederick William III King of.
April 10 - have broken up 1973 - A British Vanguard turboprop crashes during a snowstorm at Basel, Switzerland killing 104 1988 - the comic strip Fox Trot débuts 1998 - The Belfast Agreement is signed Births 1583 - Hugo Grotius, jurist (†1645) 1755 - Samuel Hahnemann, physician, originator of homeopathy (†1843) 1783 - Hortense de Beauharnais, queen of Holland as wife of Louis Bonaparte (†1837) 1794 - Matthew Perry, American Commodore who forced the opening of Japan to the West (†1858) 1829 - William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army (†1912) 1847 - Joseph Pulitzer, journalist and publisher (†1911) 1868 - George Arliss, actor (†1946) 1870 (O.S) - Vladimir Lenin, Premier of the Soviet Union (†1924) 1894 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist, Gandhian and educationist..
Chateau de Malmaison - name of the country house (or chateau) a few miles from Paris that Josephine de Beauharnais bought for herself and Napoleon in April 1799, while he was away at the wars. The house was in terrible shape, and she spent a fortune turning it into a real palace. Not the least of its attractions, which are open to the public today, was the famous rose garden. Empress Josephine had the French artist Pierre-Joseph Redoute (1759 - 1840) record her roses (and lilies), and the prints from the watercolors he made for her are still being marketed. After Napoleon and Josephine divorced, she continued to live at Malmaison and died there in 1814. Napoleon came back to the house after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, before his exile to the.
September 3 - of 21 years. 1966 - The last new episode of the television series The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet airs. 1967 - The last telecast of the television game show What's My Line airs on CBS after a 17 year run. 1967 - Nguyen Van Thieu is elected President of South Vietnam. 1971 - Qatar regains independence from the United Kingdom. 1976 - Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars takes the first close-up, color photos of the planet's surface. 1991 - In Hamlet, North Carolina, a grease fire brakes out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people. 1994 - Cold War: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other. 1997 - Arizona Governor Fife.
Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras - in this way he made the acquaintance of Bonaparte at the siege of Toulon. As an example of the incorrectness of the Barras Memoirs we may note that the writer assigned 30,000 men to the royalist defending force, whereas it had fewer than 12,000; he also sought to minimize the share taken by Bonaparte in the capture of that city. In 1794 Barras sided with the men who sought to overthrow the Robespierre faction, and their success in the coup d'état of Thermidor (27 July 1794) brought him almost to the front rank. In the next year, when the Convention felt threatened by the malcontent National Guards of Paris, it appointed Barras to command the troops engaged in its defence. His nomination of Bonaparte led to the adoption of vigorous measures,.
