Karelia (republic) - Karelia (republic) This article is about a republic of Russia. For other meanings, see Karelia (disambiguation) The Republic of Karelia is an autonomous republic in the Northwestern Russia federal district of Russia. The capital is Petrozavodsk. It borders the Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast of Russia, Finland, the Murmansk Oblast (Kola peninsula), the White Sea, and the Arkhangelsk Oblast. Karelia is called Karjala in Finnish. History Historically Karelia was a region to the northwest of Russia, east of present-day Finland. In the 16th century south-eastern Karelia was annexed to Sweden, and then lost again during the first half of the 18th century. In 1923 the province became the Karelian ASSR. From 1940 it was made into the Karelo-Finnish SSR but was changed back to a ASSR.
Karelia (disambiguation) - Karelia (disambiguation) Karelia can refer to Historical province Karelia - a historical province of Sweden (Historical provinces of Finland) Northern Karelia - an administrative region in Finland Southern Karelia - an administrative region in Finland Republic of Karelia - an autonomous republic in Russia (Eastern Karelia) Karelo-Finnish SSR - a Soviet Republic (1940-1956) Karelian language - a Finno-Ugric language Karelia Suite of classical music by Jean Sibelius Karelia Software, LLC - software company with a headquarters in Alameda, California, that claims to pioneer the desktop web application market. This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to.
Karelian language - and also similarly to Meänkieli. As it could also be argued Karelian should be considered separate from Finnish because of its geo-political location within the boundaries of another state, a conclusion might be, that Karelian has a similar relation to Finnish, as has Finland-Swedish to Scandinavian Swedish. Finnish and Karelian were suppressed and out-lawed during Stalin's Great Purges. Attempts to standardize Karelian with a Cyrillic alphabet were unsuccessful, and today the Karelian republic (of the Russian federation) consider Karelian a dialect of Finnish. Finnish, and not Karelian, was the second official language of Karelia from the Winter War 1940 up until the 1980s[1], when perestroika began. Since the late 1990s there have been moves to pass special language legislation, which would give Karelian an official status. Finnish has also again been.
Historical province Karelia - Historical province Karelia This article is about a Finnish province. For other meanings, see Karelia (disambiguation) Karelia, Karjala (in Finnish) or Karelen (in Swedish), is a historical province in eastern Finland. It borders to Nyland, Savonia and Ostrobothnia. It is also bounded by Russia and the Gulf of Finland. Karelen Karjala Land Österland Administration Eastern Finland Southern Finland Area xx,xxx km² The historical province Karelia should be distinguished from East Karelia, that has remained Russian Orthodox since medieval times, although in the early 20th century considered a Finnish irredenta and occupied by Finland during the Continuation War (1941-1944). It constitutes today the autonomous republic of Karelia. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Administration 2 History 3 Geography 4 Culture 5 Heraldry 6.
Karelo-Finnish SSR - The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish S.S.R.) was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed between 1940 and 1956. History The attack by the Soviet Union on Finland and the ensuing Winter War ended less successfully than what the Soviet side had expected. The preparations for setting up a communist-controlled administration for Finland would also have been in vain if it was not for the separation of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the Russian SFSR. The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, which was set up on March 31, 1940, was to serve as a remainder for the Finns that the Soviet Union had not renounced their claims. In the ensuing Continuation War, the territory was occupied by Finland more or less from July 1941 until September 1944, and in.
Joensuu - a vivid student city with over 6000 students in The University of Joensuu and 3500 in North Karelia Polytechnic. Largest employers are The City of Joensuu, North Karelian Hospital District Federation of Municipalities, Abloy and Perlos History The city of Joensuu, which was founded by the Czar {Nicholas I} of {Russia} in 1848, is the center of the region and the capital of North Karelia. During the last century Joensuu was a city of manufactur and commerce. When in 1860 the city received special rights to commerce and the restrictions against industry were removed , local sawmills started to grow and prosper. Water traffic was improved by the building of the Saimaa Canal. Thus, lively commerce between the regions of North Karelia St.Petersburg and Middle Europe was made possible. At the.
History of Finland - the question, have produced divergent viewpoints to challenge this accepted view. The ancestors of the Finns arrived at their present territory thousands of years ago, in numerous successive waves of immigration coming from east, south and west, establishing a hunting-farming culture and pushing the indigenous hunting-gathering Sámis (Lapps) into the more remote northern regions. Finns were still in late Medieval times known for their slash and burn farming. A part of Sweden Contact between Sweden and Finland was remarkable even during pre-Christian times -- the Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden is usually said to began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik the holy who came escorted by a.
Vyborg - is also known as Viipuri in Finnish, Viborg in Swedish and Wiburg in German. Historically the city belonged to: Sweden with Finland, as capital of Karelia (Keksholm), from 1293 until 1721 Imperial Russia, until 1812 (see Old Finland) The Grand Duchy of Finland, under Russian sovereignty, until 1917 The Republic of Finland, as the country's second largest city, until 1940 and between 1941 and 1944 The Soviet Union in the Karelo-Finnish SSR until 1956 in the Russian SFSR until 1991 Russia, since 1991 History The castle of Vyborg was founded during the third Swedish crusade in 1293. The town's trade privileges were chartered by King Eric of Pomerania in 1403. It remained in Swedish hands until the Great Northern War. Russia received Vyborg by the Treaty of Nystad. After Finland was.
Federal districts of Russia - Tula Oblast Vladimir Oblast Voronesh Oblast Yaroslavl Oblast Russian Far East: Amur Oblast Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Jewish Autonomous Republic) Kamchatka Oblast Autonomous district of the Koryaks Khabarovsk Region (Khabarovsk Krai) Magadan Oblast Autonomous district of the Chukchi Maritime Province (Primorsky Krai) Sakha (republic) Sakhalin Oblast Urals Federal District: (north of Kazakhstan) Kurgan Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast Tyumen Oblast Autonomous district of the Khants and Mansis Autonomous district of the Yamal-Nenetses Chelyabinsk Oblast Privolzhsky District (Volga District): (northwest of Kazakhstan) Bashkortostan (republic) Chuvashia (republic) Kirov Oblast Mari El (republic) Mordovia (republic) Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Orenburg Oblast Penza Oblast Perm Oblast Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks Samara Oblast Saratov Oblast Tatarstan (republic) Udmurtia (republic) Ulyanovsk Oblast Northern Caucasus: (in the extreme southwest, between Ukraine and Kazakhstan) Adygeya (republic) Astrakhan Oblast Chechnya (declared independence in.
2002 in politics - Council of State of Vaud. January 1- Michael Bloomberg takes office as mayor of New York City. January 2- Levy Mwanawasa takes office as president of Zambia; Katele Kalumba becomes foreign minister. January 4- Assad Shoman is sworn in as foreign minister of Belize. January 6- Mikhail Lapshin wins Presidential run-off election in the Altay Republic. January 7- Michelle Bachelet Jeria is named as defense minister of Chile. January 8- Kristiina Ojuland becomes foreign minister of Estonia. January 8- John J. Farmer Jr becomes acting Governor of New Jersey, followed by John O. Bennett and then Richard J. Codey until governor-elect Jim McGreevey is sworn in. January 10- Enrique Bolaños takes office as president of Nicaragua; Norman José Caldera Cardenal becomes foreign minister. January 12- Mark Warner takes office as governor.
Concentration camp - horrific climax with the practice of genocide in the death camps of the Nazi regime in Germany. As a result of this trend, the term concentration camp carries many of the connotations of extermination camp and is sometimes used synonymously. In technical discussion, however, it is important to understand that a concentration camp is not, by definition, a Nazi-style death camp. What follows is a brief history of concentration camps established by various countries and regimes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Cuba 2 The United Kingdom 3 The United States 4 Canada 5 Austria-Hungary 6 Germany 6.1 Major Nazi Concentration Camps 7 Fascist Italy 7.2 Major Fascist Italian Concentration Camps 8 Ustaša regime in Croatia 9 Cambodia 10 Russia and Soviet Union 11 People's Republic of China 12 Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Timeline of postal history - stamps of Danish West Indies 1856 - British Guiana 1c magenta issued 1858 April 29 - first stamps of Buenos Aires 1858 May 1 - first stamps of Argentine Confederation 1858 October 28 - stamps issued by Cordoba 1858 - Street letter boxes 1858 - London divided into postal districts, precursor of UK Postcode System 1859 - first stamps of Bahamas 1860s 1860 November 1 - first stamps of Queensland 1860 - first stamps of Jamaica 1860 - Pony Express 1861 - American Civil War begins, postmasters in South make provisional issues 1861 - first stamps of Confederate States of America 1862 January 11 - first stamps of Argentine Republic 1862 - first stamps of Antigua 1862 - US Railway mail service, experimental 1863 - US Free city delivery 1863 -.
Petrozavodsk - Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk is a city in Russia, capital of Karelia autonomous republic..
Winter War - they had divided the country between them. The countries in the neighbourhood realized their fate could be the same. During the fall of 1939 Stalin demanded that Finland and the Baltic countries allow the Soviet Union to set up military bases on their soil - supposedly for defensive purposes. The Finnish government felt it had little alternative but to refuse Stalin's demands; on November 30 the Soviets attacked with 23 divisions of 450,000 men who quickly reached the Mannerheim Line. Formerly classified Soviet archives have revealed documents proving that the war was based on a bogus border incident in which the Soviets fired on and killed their own soldiers, blaming it on the Finns and replying in kind. Stalin expected to conquer the whole country by the end of the year,.
Österland - lands, is the old name for Finland or what today geographically is the southern part of the Republic of Finland. It is bounded to the north by Eastern Norrland. Provinces The following seven provinces formed Österland: Alandia Finland Proper Karelia Nylandia Satakunda Savonia Tavastia History From early middle ages the Swedish Vikings had been settled on both sides of the Baltic sea. Following this long standing Swedish presence along the coast of southern Finland the kings of Svealand, in the 12th century and under influence from the Church, launched a crusade which resulted in the conquest of the entire Finland. The conquest took place at the same time as Sweden was united under one king and Österland was seen as a constituent part of the Swedish kingdom, and represented in the.
March 12 - protest the British monopoly on salt. 1933 - Great Depression: Franklin Delano Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This was also the first of his "Fireside Chats." 1938 - Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation declared the following day. 1940 - Winter War: Finland signs a harsh peace treaty with the Soviet Union, ceeding almost all of Karelia. Finnish troops and remaining population were immediately evacuated. 1947 - The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism. 1951 - The Dennis the Menace comic strip appears in newspapers across the country for the first time. 1968 - Mauritius achieves independence. 1987 - Les Misérables opens on Broadway. 1992 - Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the British.
List of entities that have issued postage stamps - Poland Diego-Suarez (1890-1894) Dubai (1963-1972) now part of United Arab Emirates East Africa and Uganda Protectorates (1903-1921) Eastern Rumelia (1880-1885) Eastern Silesia (1920-1920) Elobey, Annobon, and Corisco (1903-1910) Epirus (1914-1914) Greek occupation (1914-1916) German occupation of Estonia (1941-1941) Italian occupation of Ehtiopia (1930-1936) Falkland Islands (1870-) Falkland Islands Dependencies (1946-1980) Graham Land (1944) South Georgia dependency (1944) South Orkneys (1944) South Shetlands (1944) Far Eastern Republic (1920-1923) Faroe Islands (1919-) Fernando Po (1868-1968) Aland Islands (1980-) Fiume (1918-1924) France offices French offices in China (1894-1922) Canton (1901-1919) Hoi Hao (1901-1919) Kwangchowan (1906-1941) Mongtseu (1903-1919) Pakhoi (1903-1919) Tchongking (1903-1919) Yunnan Fou (1903-1919) French offices in Crete (1902-1903) French offices in Egypt Alexandria (1899-1930) Port Said (1899-1930) German occupation of France (1870-1916) German occupation of Alsace (1940) German occupation of Lorraine (1940) France/Reunion.
List of cultural and regional genres of music - surf, Bakersfield sound) Music of Cambodia (pinpeat orchestra, kantrum, jamrieng samai) Music of Cameroon (makossa) Music of Canada (rock and roll, folk music, country music) Music of the Canary Islands Music of Cape Verde (morna) Music of the Caribbean (junkanoo, reggae, dub, salsa, merengue, bouyon, charanga, chutney, steelpan, zouk, biguine, spouge, cadence rampa, konpa direct, ska, mambo, rumba, salsa, son montuno, reggaeton, plena, bomba, calypso, areito, chachachá, soca) Music of Catalonia Music of the Caucasus Music of the Cayman Islands Music of the Central African Republic Music of Central America (mariachi, calentanos, ranchera, paranda, brukdown, salsa, corridos, norteño, abajeños, son huasteco, istmeños, arpa grande, jaliscienses, arribeño, rock en espanol, jarochos, tamborito, Mexican son, cumbia, punta) Music of Central Asia (manaschi, bakshy, shashmaqam, akyn) Music of Chad Music of Chechnya Music of.
Karelia Software, LLC - Karelia Software, LLC For other meanings of Karelia see Karelia (disambiguation). Karelia Software, LLC, or Karelia is a software company with a headquarters in Alameda, California that claims to pioneer the desktop web application market. The company derives its name from the Karelia Suite of classical music by Jean Sibelius. The name can also refer to Karelia, a historical province in eastern Finland. The company makes two applications that both run only in the Mac OS: Watson TuneFinder X - Another company has not finished porting this to Microsoft Windows as of 2003..
Karelians - Karelians The Karelians are a Finnic people inhabiting the Karelia, Kola Peninsula and speaking Karelian language. External Link http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/karelians.shtml.
