Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick - Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (October 9, 1735 - November 10, 1806), German general, was born at Wolfenbüttel. He received an unusually wide and thorough education, and travelled in his youth in Holland, France and various parts of Germany. His first military experience was in the North German campaign of 1757, under the duke of Cumberland. At the battle of Hastenbeck he won great renown by a gallant charge at the head of an infantry brigade; and upon the capitulation of Kloster Zeven he was easily persuaded by his uncle Ferdinand of Brunswick, who succeeded Cumberland, to continue in the war as a general officer. The exploits of the hereditary prince, as he was called, soon gained him further.
Knights of the Garter (1700-1899) - of Pembroke and 5th Earl of Montgomery, Lord High Admiral, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1700 Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle (1700) Elector George Louis of Hanover, later King George I (1703) James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Lord Privy Seal (1701) Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford (1702) John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (1703) Meinhard de Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg and 1st Duke of Leinster (1703) Sidney Godolphin1st Earl of Godolphin, Sidney Godolphin, 1st Baron Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer (1704) Electoral Prince George Augustus of Hanover, Duke of Cambridge (1710) William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire, Lord President of the Council (1710) John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (1710) Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (1713) James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton and 1st Duke of.
Teutonic Knights - want to give back once conquered and baptised territories, instead it was converted into Teutonic Order state, which in principle was against the rules of a Chivalric Order. Teutonic Knights Castle in Malbork The Order ruled over much of the Baltic for several centuries, losing power during the late Middle Ages with the rise of the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania. The Order became involved in a series of wars against Poland and Lithuania. The biggest battle of the Teutonic Knights was the Battle of Tannenberg (1410) (in Polish, Grunwald, in Lithuanian - Zalgiris), which they lost. In 1454 gentry and the burghers of western Prussia rose up against the Order in the "War of the Cities" or Thirteen Years War, at the end of which the order recognized the Polish crown rights.
List of people by name: Fe - Feldmann, Markus, (1897-1958), Swiss Federal Councilor Feldstein, Al, comic creator Feliciano, Jose, (born 1945), Puerto Rican singer Felix, patriarch of Constantinople Felix I, Pope, (269-274) Felix III, Pope, (483-492) Felix IV, Pope, (526-530) Felix, Maria, actress Felix, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople Feller, Bob, (born 1918), baseball star Fell, Norman, (died 1998), actor Fellers, Bonner Fellini, Federico, (1920-1993), Italian film director Fels, Ludwig, dramatist, author Felsen, Henry Gregor, (1916-1995), author Felt, Edward Porter, (1959-2001), 911 victim Felton, John, English assassin of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham Fender, Freddy, (born 1937), country musician Fenech, Jeff, (born 1964), world champion boxer Fénelon, François, (1651-1715) Fenerty, Charles, pulp to paper process Feng-Jün Song, musician Fenlason, Jay, programmer Fennelly, Parker, (died 1988), comedian, actor Fentie, Dennis, 2002 to present Fenton, James, (born 1949), poet Fenton,.
List of people by name: Ca - Luis de, (poet, author of the Lusíadas) Campagna, Phil, Canadian writer Campanella, Joseph, (born 1933), actor Campanella, Roy, (1921-1993), American baseball player Campaneris, Bert, baseball player Campbell, Archibald, (died 1661), Marquess of Argyll, Scottish Covenanter Campbell, Archie, (1914-1987), comedian Campbell, Ben Nighthorse, (Cheyenne), senator Campbell, Bruce, (born 1958), actor Campbell, David, musician Campbell, Donald M, (died 1967), land-speed record holder Campbell, Earl, (born 1955), American football star Campbell, Eddie, comic creator Campbell, Edna, basketball player, Sacramento Monarchs Campbell, Glen, (born 1936), musician Campbell, Gordon, 2001-06-05 to ... Campbell, John, harness racing driver Campbell, John , 9th Duke of Argyll, (died 1914), husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom, aunt of [[George V of the United KingdomKing Campbell, John W, (1910-1971), US science fiction writer, editor and publisher Campbell, Joseph, (1904-1987),.
History of Bavaria - appear in a written record in a Frankish document of 520, and twenty years later Jordanes refers to them as lying east of the Swabians. Their country, mainly bounded by the Enns, the Danube, the Lech and the Alps, bore some traces of Roman influence, but its complete settlement took time. The Bavarians soon came under the dominion of the Franks, probably without a serious struggle; dukes of the Agilolfing family, possibly of Frankish descent, ruled from 555 to 788. For a century and a half a succession of dukes resisted the inroads of the Slavs on their eastern frontier, and by the time of Duke Theodo I, who died in 717, had achieved complete independence from the feeble Frankish kings. When Charles Martel became the virtual ruler of the Frankish.
History of anti-Semitism - The community quickly recovered, only to fall again at the hands of the Almoravides lead by Iban Iashufin in 1090, bringing the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain to end. 1096 The First Crusade. The Crusaders massacre Jews in several Central European cities, most notably in Rhineland (over 5,000 Jews murdered). In May, Count Emich of Leiningen, on his way to join the Crusade, attacks the synagogue at Speyers and kills all the defenders. Another 1,200 Jews commit suicide in Mayence to escape his attempt to forcibly convert them. St. Bernard attempts to stop further atrocities: "Whoever makes an attempt on a life of a Jew, sins as if he had attacked Jesus himself." 1101 to 1200 1107 Moroccan Almoravid ruler Yoseph Ibn Tashfin orders all Moroccan Jews to convert.
Holy Roman Empire elector - gave them particular duties. The Golden Bull stipulated that the dignity of elector should be held by the following: The Archbishop of Mainz, Archchancellor of the Empire for Germany The Archbishop of Trier, Archchancellor of the Empire for Gaul The Archbishop of Cologne, Archchancellor of the Empire for Italy The King of Bohemia, Archcupbearer of the Empire The Count Palatine of the Rhine (whose lands were known as the Palatinate), Archsteward of the Empire The Count Palatine and Duke of Saxony, Archmarshal of the Empire The Margrave of Brandenburg, Archchamberlain of the Empire (The Duke of Saxony and Margrave of Brandenburg were, thereafter, normally known as the "Elector of Saxony" and the "Elector of Brandenburg". The Count Palatine of the Rhine was usually called the "Elector Palatine") The Counts Palatine of.
Edward VII of the United Kingdom - Boer War. Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The future King Edward VII was born at Buckingham Palace, the second child and the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Christened Albert Edward at St. George's Chapel, Windsor on 25 January 1842, he was known as "Bertie" throughout his life. As the eldest son of a British Sovereign, he was automatically Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Lord of the Isles, and Baron Renfrew from birth. As a son of Prince Albert, he also held the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Duke of Saxony. Queen Victoria created her son Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 8 December 1841. He was created Earl of Dublin and a.
Ernest Augustus I of Hanover - the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. His Royal Highness Field Marshal The Prince Ernest Augustus, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh, later His Majesty Ernst August I, King of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was born at Buckingham Palace. He received tutoring at home before proceeding to the University of Göttingen in Germany in summer 1786 along with his younger brothers, Prince Adolphus and Prince Augustus. In 1791, he and Prince Adolphus went to Hanover to receive military training under the supervision of Field Marshal von Freytag. He learned cavalry drill and tactics under Captain von Linsinger of the Queen's Light Dargoons. He proved to be an excellent horseman and good shot, despite his short-sightedness. After only two months of training, von Freytag was.
1792 - Mount Rainier. Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, an astronomer, publishes "The Tables of the Sun", an essential early work for navigation. Claude Chappe successfully demonstrates the first semaphore line, between Paris and Lille. William Murdoch invents gas lighting. George Anschutz constructs first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Thomas Holcroft produces the play Road to Ruin in London. Barthelemy Catherine Joubert, later general, becomes sub-lieutenant. Johann Georg Albrechtberger becomes Kapellmeister in Vienna. State Street Corporation is founded. Ongoing events French Revolution (1789-1799) Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy 1792 in literature: Letters from an American Farmer - Jean de Crevecoeur Births January 12 - Johann Arfvedson, Swedish chemist (+ 1841) February 10 - Captain Frederick Marryat, English author (+ 1848) February 17 - Karl Ernst von Baer, naturalist February 29 - Gioacchino Rossini,.
Baron von Riedesel - Battle of Saratoga in 1777. He was born into a family of the minor German nobility, the second son of Johann Wilhelm Riedesel, Baron Eisenbach (1705-1782) and Sophia von Borcke (1705-1769). His birth on June 3, 1738 and early education both took place at the family home of Hohhaus in Lauterbach, Hesse. His parents disagreed about his education, his mother wanted him prepared for a religious career, while his father sought a legal education and diplomatic service. Either of these was a proper career for a younger son. Bowing to his father's wishes, when 15 years old, he left for the study of law at the university in Marburg. Friedrich was an indifferent student, but spent time watching the Landgrave of Hesse troops drill. An officer who had seen his interest.
Congress of Vienna - the Great Powers. The Congress was concerned with determining the entire shape of Europe after the Napoleonic wars, with the exception of the terms of peace with France, which had already been decided by the Treaty of Paris, signed a few months earlier, on May 30, 1814. At the congress, Britain was represented first by the Foreign Secretary, Lord Castlereagh, after February 1815, by the Duke of Wellington, and in the last weeks, after Wellington left to meet Napoleon, by Lord Clancarty. Austria was represented by Prince Klemens von Metternich, the Foreign Minister, and by his deputy, Baron Wessenberg. Prussia was represented by Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, the Chancellor, and the diplomat and scholar Wilhelm von Humboldt. Louis XVIII's France was represented by its foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord..
Walther von der Vogelweide - in wealth and position were little removed from non-noble free cultivators. For a long time the place of his birth was a matter of dispute, until Franz Pfeiffer established beyond reasonable doubt that he was born in the Wipthal in Tirol, where, not far from the little town of Sterzing on the Eisak, a wood--called the Vorder und Hintervogelweide--preserves at least the name of his vanished home. This origin would account for what is known of Walther's early life. Tirol was at this time the home of several noted Minnesingers; and the court of Vienna, under the enlightened duke Frederick I of the house of Babenberg, had become a centre of poetry and art. Here it was that the young poet learned his craft under the renowned master Pemmar the Old,.
Palatinate - known as Palatinates, the equivalent of Blues at Oxford and Cambridge. Honorary Palatinates are also awarded. The colour palatinate is a shade of lilac or purple, and is used in numerous heraldic devices within the university. The student newspaper is also named Palatinate; it is published fortnightly during term time, and was judged Best Student Newspaper by the Guardian in 2001. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Counts Palatine of the Rhine, 945-1356 3 Electors Palatine, 1356-1803 History The Palatinate arose as the County Palatine of the Rhine, a large feudal state lying on both banks of the Rhine, which seems to have come into existence in the 10th century. The territory fell to the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria in the early 13th century, and during a later division of.
List of Germans - Marc, (1880-1916), painter Eberhard Schlotter (1921), painter Carl Spitzweg, (1808-1885), painter Composers Karl Friedrich Abel, (1725-1787), composer Martin Agricola, (1466-1506), composer Siegfried Alkan, (1858 - 1941), composer Johann Sebastian Bach, (1685-1750), composer Ludwig van Beethoven, (1770-1827), composer Johannes Brahms, (1833-1897), composer Georg Friedrich Händel, (1685-1759), composer, opera composer Paul Hindemith, (1895-1963), composer Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy Carl Orff, (1895-1982), composer Johann Pachelbel, (1653-1706), composer Clara Schumann, (1819-1896), composer Robert Schumann, (1810-1856), composer, songwriter Karlheinz Stockhausen, (1928-), modern electronic composer Richard Strauss, (1864-1949), composer, opera composer Georg Philipp Telemann, (1681-1767), composer Richard Wagner, (1813-1883), composer Carl Maria von Weber, (1786-1826), composer Kurt Weill, (1900-1950), composer: Threepenny Opera, "September Song" Filmmakers Werner Herzog, (born 1942), film director Fritz Lang, (1890-1976), film director Ernst Lubitsch, (1892-1947), film director F.W. Murnau, (1888-1931), film director Wolfgang Petersen, (born.
List of Czechs - Foglar Jaroslav Hasek Václav Havel Bohumil Hrabal Milan Kundera Karel Hynek Macha Jan Neruda Ferdinand Peroutka Jaroslav Seifert Composers Antonin Dvorak Zdenek Fibich Leos Janacek Bohuslav Martinu Josef Myslivecek Oskar Nedbal Vitezslav Novák Bedrich Smetana Johann Stamitz Karel Stamitz Josef Suk Jaromir Vejvoda, author of the Beer Barrel Polka Jan Zach Jan Dismas Zelenka Filmmakers Milos Forman, film director Jiri Menzel, film director, actor Karel Reisz, film director Jan Svankmajer, film director, animator Jan Sverák, film director, actor Karel Zeman, film director Painters Vaclav Brozik Emil Filla Wenceslaus Hollar Jan Kupecky Frantisek Kupka Alfons Mucha Scientists Bernard Bolzano, philosopher, mathematician, and theologian Jaroslav Heyrovsky, scientist, Nobel laureate Bedrich Hrozný, scientist, deciphered Hittite language Jan Evangelista Purkyne, scientist Otto Wichterle, scientist, inventor of the modern contact lens Sports Personalities Vera Caslavska, gymnast,.
List of people on stamps of Austria - Alt (1932) Albrecht Altdorfer (1965) Friedrich von Amerling (1948) Peter Anich (1966) Ludwig Anzengruber (1931) Ferdinand vor Arlt (1937) Leopold Auenbregger von Auenbrugg (1937) Marco d'Aviano (1933) Hermann Bahr (1963) Ludwig van Beethoven (1922) Bernardo Bellotto (1964) Theodor Billroth (1937) Georges Bizet (1969) Anton Bruckner (1922, 1974) Peter Brueghel (elder or younger? to be determined) (1969) Peter Brueghel the Elder (1971) Benvenuto Cellini (1971) Charles I of Austria (1917) Charles V Duke of Lorraine (1933) Saint Christopher (1969) Alfred Cossmann (1970) Moritz Michael Daffinger (1951) Joseph Danhauser (1935) Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, composer (1974) Engelbert Dollfuss (1937) Georg Raphael Donner (1967) Albrecht Dürer (1935) Albin Egger-Lienz (1932) Anton Eiselsberg (1960) Saint Elizabeth of Hungary (1936) Maria von Ebner Eschenbach (1966) Eugene of Savoy (1935) Edmund Eysel, composer (1974) Heinrich von Ferstel.
List of people associated with World War I - Rosenthal, (1875-1954), Commander, Australian 2nd Division Austria-Hungary (Entered the War on: July 28, 1914) Royalty Archduke Franz Ferdinand, (1863-1914), heir to the throne whose murder brought on the war. Emperor Franz Josef, (1830-1916) Emperor Karl, (1887-1922) Empress Zita (1892-1989) Military Leaders Franz Conrad von Hötzendorff, (1852-1925), Chief of Staff (1906-1911, 1912-1917) Artur Arz von Straussenburg, (1857-1935), Chief of Staff (1917-1918) Oskar Potiorek, (1853-1933), General Politicians Friedrich Adler, Austrian Social Democratic leader Victor Adler, Austrian Social Democratic leader Count Julius Andrassy the Younger (1860-1929), Foreign Minister (1918) Count Leopold von Berchtold, (1863-1942), Foreign Minister (1912-1915) Baron Istvan Burian, (1851-1922), Foreign Minister (1915-1916, 1918), Finance Minister (1916-1918) Count Heinrich von Clam-Martinitz (1863-1932), Minister-President of Austria (1916-1917) Count Ottokar Czernin, (1872-1932), Foreign Minister (1916-1918) Count Moric Esterhazy (1881-1960), Minister-President of Hungary (1917) Ernst Ritter.
List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century - Albania Prince William of Wied fled in 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War (d.1945) King Zog of Albania (president turned monarch) deposed by Italy in 1939. (d.1961) King Victor Emmanuel III, deposed in 1943, when Italy made peace with the Allies. Anhalt Duke Joachim Ernst abdicated at the end of World War I in 1918 (d.1947) Austria Emperor Karl - Austro-Hungarian Empire abolished in 1918. (d.1922) Baden Grand Duke Friedrich II abdicated in 1918. (d.1928) Baltic State (Estonia and Livonia) No ruler actually chosen, although offers were made to German Emperor Wilhelm II before it ceased to exist in 1918. Bavaria King Ludwig III deposed in 1918. (d.1921) Brunswick-Lüneburg Duke Ernst August, abdicated in 1918 (d.1953) Bukhara Emir Muhammad Alim Khan - deposed 1920, lands taken over by.
