Ket language - Ket language Ket, formerly known as Yenisei Ostyak, is a Siberian language isolate, apparently unrelated to any other language in the world (other than Yugh, a recently-extinct language that was clearly related to Ket). It is spoken by about 2,000 people along the middle Yenisei Basin. Attempts have been made by Soviet scholars to establish a relationship with either Burushaski or the Sino-Tibetan languages..
Ketamine - is research going on in its usefulness in pain therapy and for the treatment of alcoholism and heroin addiction. Ketamine is a Schedule III drug in the United States, and is used in many other countries, such as Mexico. Patients sometimes reported going into other worlds or seeing god while anesthetized: these unwanted psychological side-effects made ketamine less used. Psychopharmacologically it is a non-competitive glutamate inhibitor at the NMDA receptors. These occur mainly in the hippocampal formation and in the prefrontal cortex, which explains its profound effects on memory and thought. When used recreationally, it is known as K, Ket, Special K, or Vitamin K (not to be confused with Vitamin K). Ketamine produces effects similar to PCP, and DXM. Like other disassociative anesthetics in low to upper middle dosages, its.
Ket - Ket Ket has several meanings: Half of a bra-ket Slang for Ketamine The Ket language, spoken in Siberia This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page..
Catalan language - Catalan language Catalan (Català, Valencià) is a Romance language (see also Iberian Romance Languages) spoken in a territory populated by some 11 million people that spans the states of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy: Catalonia (Catalunya, Spain), where it is coofficial with Spanish. Balearic Islands (Illes Balears, Spain), where it is coofficial with Spanish. Andorra, where it is the only official language. Part of Valencia (País Valencià, Spain), where it is coofficial with Spanish and where the language is officially named Valencià (Valencian). North Catalonia or Roussillon (Catalunya Nord, France), where Catalan has no official status. An adjacent strip of Aragon, Spain (La Franja), in particular the comarques of Baixa Ribagorça, Llitera, Baix Cinca, and Matarranya, where it has no official status, but has gained some recognition.
Language isolate - Language isolate A language isolate is a language with no clear relationship to or affinity with other languages. Unlike English, which is clearly related to other Germanic languages, or the various Chinese languages, isolates generally stand apart from their surrounding languages in terms of their phonology, grammar, and syntax. Examples include Basque, Ainu, Burushaski, and Japanese. Isolate languages are often the subject of intensive studies in order to attempt proof of genetic relationships between languages. Basque, for instance, has been the subject of comparisons to the South Caucasian languages and the Indo-European language family. Some languages are isolates because all the other languages in that language family have died. The Pirahã language of Brazil is one such language, the last language alive belonging to the Mura.
Historical linguistics - no similarity to the original. Estimates vary, but one plausible opinion is that if a group of Americans were sent to a distant galaxy, after 10,000 years they would be speaking a language that would be no more similar to English than to Chinese or Arabic. Historical linguists construct family trees, an idea pioneered by the 19th century historical linguist August Schleicher. The basis for the trees is the comparative method: languages presumed to be related are compared with one another, and based on what is generally known about how languages can change, linguists reconstruct the best hypothesis about the nature of the common ancestor language from which the attested languages are descended. Use of the comparative method is validated by its application to languages whose common ancestor is known. Thus,.
Formal system - act of creating a formal system, in an attempt to capture the essential features of a real-world or conceptual system in formal language. For example, in some colleges the procedures taken against failing students have been set out as a formal system. This gives greater clarity, of course accompanied with a loss of flexibility. Procedures for immigration and naturalisation have tended over time towards more formal models. In mathematics, formal proofs are the product of formal systems, consisting of axioms and rules of deduction. Theorems are then recognised as the possible 'last lines' of formal proofs. The point of view that this picture encompasses mathematics has been called formalist. The term has been used pejoratively. On the other hand, David Hilbert founded metamathematics as a discipline designed for discussing formal systems;.
Dual space - Dual Space Given any vector space V over some field F, we define the dual space V* to be the set of all linear functionals on F, i.e., scalar-valued linear transformations on V (in this context, a "scalar" is a member of the base-field F). V* itself becomes a vector space over F under the following definition of addition and scalar multiplication: (φ + ψ)(x) = φ(x) + ψ(x) (aφ) (x) = a φ(x) for all φ, ψ in V*, a in F and x in V. In the language of tensors, elements of V are sometimes called contravariant vectors, and elements of V*, covariant vectors or one-forms. Examples If the dimension of V is finite, then V* has the same dimension as V; if {e1,...,en} is a basis for V,.
Distinguishing accents in English - accents are easily identified with certain characteristics. Non-native speakers of the English language tend to carry the intonation, accent or pronunciation from their mother tongue into their English speech. For more details see Non-native pronunciations of English. This page now looks only at variations in the speech of native English speakers. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Countries and Regions (in alphabetical order) 2 Australia 3 Canada 3.1 British Columbia 3.2 Cape Breton Island 3.3 Maritimes 3.4 Newfoundland 3.5 Ontario and Quebec 3.6 Prairies 4 England 4.7 Southern English 4.7.1 Home Counties 4.7.2 Cockney 4.7.3 Estuary English 4.7.4 Southeastern English 4.7.5 London 4.7.6 West Country (southwestern) English 4.7.7 East Anglian English 4.8 Northern and Midlands English 4.8.8 Midlands English 4.8.9 Northern English/Liverpool 4.8.10 Northern English/Yorkshire 4.8.11 Northern English/Lancashire 4.8.12 Northern English/Newcastle-upon-Tyne and.
Avars - areas inhabited by Avars. The root K-B/V-R has been explained as "rebel" or "mix" as well as "rotate" and "wander". Dissident Kuber Avar-Huns are mentioned migrating southward following a rebellion against the main body of Avars not long after Batbayan-Bezmer succeeded his father Kubrat as Khagan. It may reasonably be deduced that those western Avars who mixed with the Bulgar-Huns and/or severed ties to the main eastern horde in the Caucasus became known by the 'K-B/V-R' variation of the name. Little is known about Kabar/Avars from between the late 7th to late 8th centuries except that most of their neighbours still called them Avars. Excavations of their graves have yielded evidence that they were a mongolian people who carried objects usually associated with Hebraic culture and it has been suggested that.
Quantum entanglement - cloning theorem forbids the statistical inspection of entangled quantum states. Although no information can be transmitted through entanglement alone, it is possible to transmit information using a set of entangled states used in conjunction with a classical information channel. This process is known as quantum teleportation. Despite its name, quantum teleportation can not be used to transmit information faster than light, because a classical information channel is involved. Though an area of active research, some of the essential properties of entanglement are now understood, and it is the basis for emerging technologies such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography. In the following article, we will briefly survey the mathematical formulation of entanglement. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Formalism 2 Entropy 3 Ensembles Formalism The following discussion builds on the theoretical framework.
Palaeosiberian - largely displaced them. Even more recently, Turkish (at least in Siberia) and especially Tungus, have been displaced in their turn by Russian. Five isolates or at least very small language groups, linguistically entirely unrelated to each other, compose the Palaeo-Siberian languages: 1. Chukchi and its close relative, Koryak. Kamchadal is thought to be distantly related. Chukchi and Koryak are spoken in easternmost Siberia and are thriving. Kamchadal is spoken on the Kamchatka peninsula and is nearly defunct. The group as a whole is called Chukotko-Kamchatkan. 2. Yukaghir is spoken in two dialects: Odul in the lower Kolyma and Indigirka valleys and Chuvantsy, further inland and further east, now probably extinct. Yukaghir is held by some to be related to Finno-Ugric. 3. Ket (or Yeniseian) is a language isolate on the middle.
Multilinear algebra - approach using category theory, with the Lie group approach viewed as a separate matter. Since this leads to a much cleaner treatment, there was probably no going back in purely mathematical terms. Indeed what was done is almost precisely to explain that tensor spaces are the constructions required to reduce multilinear problems to linear problems. This purely algebraic attack conveys no geometric intuition. Its benefit is that by re-expressing problems in terms of multilinear algebra, there is a clear and well-defined 'best solution': the constraints the solution exerts are exactly those you need in practice. In general there is no need to invoke any ad hoc construction, geometric idea, or recourse to co-ordinate systems. In the category-theoretic jargon, everything is entirely natural. Conclusion on the abstract approach In principle the abstract.
List of mathematical topics - Barber paradox -- Barenblatt, Grigory -- Baroclinicity -- Barotropic vorticity equation -- Barrow, Isaac -- Basic set theory -- Basis (linear algebra) -- Basis function -- Bayes' theorem -- Bayes, Thomas -- Bayesian network -- Bayesian probability -- Bazeries, Étienne -- Bean machine -- Bearing (navigation) -- Beatty's theorem -- Bell curve -- Bell numbers -- Eric Temple Bell -- Bellman-Ford algorithm -- Bellringing -- Benford's law -- Bernoulli distribution -- Bernoulli experiment -- Bernoulli inequality -- Bernoulli, Jakob -- Bernoulli, Johann -- Bernoulli numbers -- Bernoulli polynomials -- Bernoulli process -- Bernoulli trial -- Bernstein polynomial -- Berry paradox -- Berry phase -- Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois -- Bertrand's postulate -- Besicovitch, Abram Samoilovitch Talk:Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch -- Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm -- Bessel function -- Best-case performance -- Beta distribution.
Klingon language - Klingon language The Klingon language (in Klingon, tlhIngan Hol) is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand for Paramount and spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe. He designed the language with Object Verb Subject word order to give an alien feel to the language. A description of the Klingon language can be found in Dr. Marc Okrand's book The Klingon Dictionary (Published by Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, 1985, second edition with new addendum 1992, ISBN 067174559X). Other notable works include The Klingon Way (with Klingon sayings and proverbs), Klingon for the Galactic Traveler and the two audio productions Conversational Klingon and Power Klingon. Three books have also been published in the tongue: Hamlet, ghIlghameS (Gilgamesh) and paghmo' tIn mIS (Much Ado About Nothing)..
Kanuri language - Kanuri language Kanuri is a Nilo-Saharan language which is spoken by about 4 million people in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The ISO 639-2 language code is KR..
Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition - Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition Kant and the Platypus : Essays on Language and Cognition is a book by Umberto Eco which was published in Italian in 1997. An English edition, translated by Alastair McEwen, appeared in 1999. The book develops some aspects of Eco's A Theory of Semiotics which came out in 1976. In the first chapter Eco develops Nietzsche's argument that the truth is a poetically elaborated "mobile army of metaphors, metonymies and anthropomorphisms" that subsequently gel into knowledge, "illusions whose illusory nature has been forgotten", as the metaphors are reduced to schemata and concepts. In chapter two, working with ideas derived from Charles Peirce and Immanuel Kant, Eco compares linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered. Chapter three explores the.
Karelian language - Karelian language Karelian is a variety closely related to Finnish. It belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages, and is chiefly distinguished from standard Finnish by the lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century Finnish. The Karelian language does not have a standard written form. Karelian has three main dialects: Karelian Proper, Olonets and Ludic. The latter is sometimes classified as a dialect of Veps. The Karelian language is by Finns usually considered a dialect of Finnish, as it is perceived to differ only slightly from standard-Finnish. Others, for instance many foreign linguists and some people in Estonia and Russia, consider the Karelian variety a language of its own (although almost extinct), similarly to how the dialects of Ingria by Finns often are considered dialects of Finnish-proper,.
Kafka's language - Kafka's language One of the most interesting aspects of Kafka's work is that he wrote in Prussian dialect, not German. Prussian literature is uncommon, at best, as Prussian is thought to be a strict, highly technical language-- the language of engineers. (The difference between Prussian and German is akin to the difference between the English of Nabokov's Lolita and that of the Owner's Manual from a '94 Jeep Wrangler.) In this regard, Kafka follows an interesting Jewish literary tradition: the oldest Jewish prayers (e.g. Mourner's Kaddish) and literature (e.g. The Old Testament's Song of Songs, aka the Song of Solomon) are written in Aramaic-- a trade language older than Hebrew. The vast bulk of the Jewish contribution to World Literature and Art, prior to WWII and Shoa.
Kawi language - Kawi language Kawi is an extinct language used by people in island of Java and also Bali. The language has its own unique alphabets for writing..
