Key-agreement protocol - Key-agreement protocol In cryptography, a key-agreement protocol is a protocol whereby two people can agree on a key in such a way that both influence the outcome. If properly done, this precludes a third-party from forcing a key choice on the communicating parties. Useful protocols also do not reveal to any eavesdropping party what key has been agreed upon. The first publicly known key-agreement protocol that meets these criteria was Diffie-Hellman key exchange, in which the two people jointly exponentiate a generator with random numbers, in such a way that an eavesdropper has no way of guessing what the key is. Diffie-Hellman was first developed by researchers at GCHQ, the UK equivalent to NSA. James Ellis demonstrated that non-secret encryption was possible in the 1960s and.
Internet key exchange - Internet key exchange Internet key exchange (IKE) is the protocol used to set up a security association in the IPSec protocol suite, which is in turn a mandatory part of the IETF IPv6 standard which is being adopted (slowly) throughout the Internet. IPSec is an optional part of the IPv4 standard. IKE is defined in RFC 2409. IKE uses a Diffie-Hellman key exchange to set up a shared secret, from which cryptographic keys are derived. Public key techniques or, alternatively, preshared secrets, are used to mutually authenticate the communicating parties. IKE incoporates parts of the proposed Oakley protocol. See also: key-agreement protocol. Need more material re: IKE design, and a historical perspective..
Jack Lang (Australia) - Great Western Highway After Lang's loss in the 1927 election, Jack Lang was Opposition Leader again from 1927 to October 1930. In this period the Great Depression had begun in earnest with devastating effects on the welfare and security of Australia. Lang's Second Term and The Depression In 1930, over one in five adult males in New South Wales was without a job. In impoverished inner-city Sydney suburbs such as Newtown and Darlinghurst, this figure was as high as 50% of adult males. Australian Governments responded to the Depression with measures that made circumstances even worse - cuts to government spending, civil service salaries, public works cancellations, et cetera. Therefore it was no surprise that Jack Lang - who had skilfully refined his populism and oratory early in his Parliamentary career.
History of Namibia - rest of the coastal region after negotiations with a local chief. Negotiations between the United Kingdom and Germany resulted in Germany's annexation of the coastal region, excluding Walvis Bay. The following year, the United Kingdom recognized the hinterland up to 20 degrees east longitude as a German sphere of influence. A region, Caprivi Strip, became a part of South West Africa after an agreement on July 1, 1890, between the United Kingdom and Germany. The British recognized that the strip would fall under German administration to provide access to the Zambezi River and German colonies in East Africa. In exchange, the British received the islands of Zanzibar and Heligoland. German colonial power was consolidated, and prime grazing land passed to white control as a result of the Herero and Nama wars.
Global warming controversy - irreversible damage to agriculture in those ecoregions most affected. In some regions, e.g. Western Europe and Bangladesh, damage is projected to be extreme, due to loss of Gulf Stream warming and global sea level rise respectively. More frequent bouts of destructive weather are also anticipated, and risk experts in the insurance industry have expressed very strong concerns, advocating a proactive approach based on the precautionary principle. Estimates accepted by the IPCC and by some insurance industry bodies estimate up to 3.5 billion people could be affected by rising disease, loss of fresh water supply, and other impacts. Opposition In opposition stand the fossil fuel industry and its advocates, who have taken a strong stand in opposing most theories of human-caused global warming as well as action to mitigate Global Warming. They.
E-Business XML - global use of electronic business information in an interoperable, secure and consistent manner by all trading partners. ebXML is not itself a standard, rather, it is a container for several key standards administered by UN/CEFACT and OASIS. Key ebXML standards include ebXML Messaging Services, ebXML Registry, ebXML Business Process Specification Schema and ebXML Collaboration Protocol Profile and Agreement..
Economy of China - help increase productivity. The government also has focused on foreign trade as a major vehicle for economic growth. The result has been a quadrupling of GDP since 1978. In 1999, with its 1.25 billion people but a Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of just $3,800 per capita, mainland China became the second largest economy in the world after the USA. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Key figures 2 Background 3 Challenges 4 Agriculture 5 Industry 6 Energy and Mineral Resources 7 Environment 8 Foreign trade 9 Foreign Investment 10 Currency 11 Miscellaneous 12 References Key figures GDP: purchasing power parity - $6 trillion (2002 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 8% (official estimate) (2002 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4,600 (2002 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture.
Economy of South Africa - years--basic services, education, and health care. While a specific "ministry" for the RDP no longer exists, a number of government ministries and offices are charged with supporting RDP programs and goals. The Government of South Africa demonstrated its commitment to open markets, privatization and a favorable investment climate with its release of the crucial Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy--the neoliberal economic strategy to cover 1996-2000. The strategy had mixed success. It brought greater financial discipline and macroeconomic stability but has failed to deliver in key areas. Formal employment continued to decline, and despite the ongoing efforts of black empowerment and signs of a fledgling black middle class and social mobility, the country's wealth remains very unequally distributed along racial lines. South Africa's budgetary reforms such as the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework.
Digital rights management - which prompted China to make a strategic decision to switch from the Microsoft Windows operating system to something more assuredly trustworthy. Several laws relating to DRM have been proposed or already enacted in various jurisidictions (State, Federal, non-US). Some of them will require _all_ computer systems to have mechanisms controlling the use of digital media. (See Professor Edward Felten's freedom-to-tinker Web site for information and pointers to the current debate on these matters). An early example of a DRM system is the Content Scrambling System (CSS) employed by the DVD Consortium on movie DVD disks. It was originally developed by Matsushita in Japan. The data on the DVD is encrypted so that it can only be decoded and viewed using an encryption key, which the DVD Consortium kept secret. In order.
1994 - Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Year in topic 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Nobel Prizes Events January 1 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect January 6 - Nancy Kerrigan is clubbed on the right leg by an assailant under orders from figure skating rival Tonya Harding. January 10 - Lorena Bobbitt goes on trial for severing the penis of her husband John (Manassas, Virginia). January 14 - President of the United States Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin accords which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles to targets and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in the Ukraine. January 17 - 1994 Northridge Earthquake, magnitude 6.7, hits the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 am..
Sean T. O'Kelly - Paris to Ireland to try to negotiate a compromise, whereby deV could return to the presidency. A furious deV turned down the offer and ordered O'Kelly to return to Paris. When in 1926 Eamon de Valera left Sinn Féin to found his own pragmatic republican party, Fianna Fail, O'Kelly followed him, becoming one of the new party's first members. In 1932, when de Valera, having won that year's general election, was appointed President of the Executive Council (prime minister of the Irish Free State) he made O'Kelly his Minister for Local Government. O'Kelly earned a controversial reputation over his key role in attempts to publicly humiliate the then Governor-General of the Irish Free State, James McNeill. Stunts such as withdrawing the Irish Army's band from playing at diplomatic functions which the.
October 2003 - concluded that no such child existed and that the series of phone calls made to them and to childcare charities had been a deliberate hoax. United Kingdom: British Conservative Party leader Iain Duncan Smith loses a vote of confidence in his parliamentary party by 90 votes to 75 and, in accordance with party rules, resigns from the leadership. A new leadership election is called. Shadow Deputy Prime Minister David Davis, previously tipped as a future leader, surprises Westminster by announcing that he will not seek the leadership and endorses former Home Secretary Michael Howard, who is now seen as the frontrunner to assume the leadership. Other leading politicians endorse Howard, once famously described by a colleague as having "something of the night about him." [1] [1] Occupation of Iraq: The International.
List of conservation topics - 2.1 a) Areas and Designations 2.2 b) Conventions, Protocols, Panels and Summits 2.3 c) United Nations bodies 2.4 d) Non-governmental organisations (NGO) 3 3) Groups of countries 3.5 Also See 4 4) Countries A - Z 1) GENERAL Agreement -- Convention -- Directive -- Protocol -- Agri- -- Agrarianism -- Agriculture -- Arid-zone agriculture -- Precision agriculture -- Agricultural biotechnology (stub) -- Agricultural engineering -- Agricultural science -- Agricultural Science basic topics -- Agritourism -- Collective farming -- Crop rotation -- Fertilizer -- Grass -- Harrowing -- Permaculture -- Sowing -- Tillage -- Vegetable farming -- List of vegetables Animal -- Zoological garden -- List of zoos Aqua -- Aquaculture -- Aqueduct -- Aquifer -- Aquatic plant -- see also: Water Archaeology -- Industrial archaeology Bio -- Biochemistry -- Biodefense --.
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol - Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it. External Links Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol RFC The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP RFC.
Key signing party - Key signing party An event where individuals verify that a certain PGP key actually belongs to the person it claims to belong to. If participants are resonable confident that a key is OK they will then sign it, strengthening the Web of trust. GPG Keysigning Party Howto Zimmmermann-Sassaman key signing protocol.
Kyoto Protocol - Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol is a proposed amendment to an international treaty on global warming -- the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Countries which ratify this protocol will commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are linked to global warming. It also reaffirms sections of the UNFCCC. The formal name of the proposed agreement is the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. [1] It was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Details of the treaty 1.1 Financial commitments 1.2 Emissions trading 2 Status of the treaty 2.3 Revisions 3 Current positions of governments.
Geneva Protocol - Geneva Protocol Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. Usually called the Geneva Protocol, this short arms control agreement was signed at Geneva on June 17, 1925 and was registered on September 7, 1929. It prohibits the use of chemical weapons and biological weapons, but has nothing to say about production, storage or transfer. It was in 1972 augmented with the Biological Weapons Convention and in 1993 with the Chemical Weapons Convention..
Foreign relations of Turkey - located in Izmir. Besides its relationships with NATO and the EU, Turkey is a member of the OECD, the Council of Europe, and OSCE. Turkey also is a member of the UN and the Islamic Conference Organization (OIC). In December 1999, Turkey became a candidate for EU membership. Turkey and the EU formed a customs union beginning January 1, 1996. The agreement covers industrial and processed agricultural goods. Turkey is harmonizing its laws and regulations with EU standards. Turkey adopted the EU's Common External Tariff regime, effectively lowering Turkey's tariffs for third countries, including the United States. Turkey is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It has signed free trade agreements with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Israel, and many other countries. In 1992, Turkey and 10 other.
User Datagram Protocol - User Datagram Protocol The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a minimal message-oriented transport layer protocol that is currently documented by IETF RFC 768. In the TCP/IP model, UDP provides a very simple interface between a network layer below and an application layer above. UDP provides no guarantees for message delivery and a UDP sender retains no state on UDP messages once sent onto the network. UDP adds only application multiplexing and data checksumming on top of an IP datagram. OSI model Application layer FTP SMTP HTTP ... Transport layer TCP UDP Network layer IP ICMP ARP data link layer Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ... The UDP header consists of only 4 header fields of which two are optional. The source and destination port fields are 16 bit fields.
Environmental agreements - these are legally binding. One of the most well-known proposed agreements, the Kyoto protocol, is not legally binding as of 2001, because not enough countries have ratified it. International environmental agreements include: Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora [1] Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals [1] Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources [1] Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty Basel Convention Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Nitrogen Oxide Protocol POP Air Pollution Protocol Sulphur Emissions Reduction Protocol Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora.
