Khosrau I of Persia - Khosrau I of Persia Khosrau I, "the Blessed" (Anushirvan), (531 - 579) was the favourite son and successor of Kavadh I, and the most famous of the Sassanid kings. According to one account, Khosrau was the Kavadh's son through a peasant girl, and was originally considered unworthy of inheriting his father's throne. His brothers contested his claim, so Khosrau had them killed. At the beginning of his reign he concluded an "eternal" peace with the emperor Justinian, who wanted to have his hands free for the conquest of Africa and Sicily. But his successes against the Vandals and Goths caused Khosrau to begin the war again in 540. He invaded Syria and carried the inhabitants of Antioch to his residence, where he built for them a.
Khosrau II of Persia - Khosrau II of Persia Khosrau II, "the Victorious" (Parvez), king of Persia, son of Hormizd IV, grandson of Khosrau I, 590-628. He was raised to the throne by the magnates who had rebelled against Hormizd IV till 590, and soon after his father was blinded and killed. But at the same time the general Bahram Chobin had proclaimed himself king, and Khosrau II was not able to maintain himself. The war with the Romans, which had begun in 571, had not yet come to an end. Chosroes fled to Syria, and persuaded the emperor Maurice to send help. Many leading men and part of the troops acknowledged Khosrau, and in 591 he was brought back to Ctesiphon. Bahram Chobin was beaten and fled to the Turks,.
Kavadh I of Persia - Kavadh I of Persia Kavadh I (449 - 531), son of Peroz, was a Sassanid king (488 - 531), crowned by the nobles in place who was deposition and blinding of his uncle Balash. At this time the empire was utterly disorganized by the invasion of the Ephthalites or White Huns from the east. After one of their victories against Peroz, Kavadh had been a hostage among them during two years, pending the payment of a heavy ransom. In 484 Peroz had been defeated and slain with his whole army. Balash was not able to restore the royal authority. The hopes of the magnates and high priests that Kavadh would suit their purpose were soon disappointed. Kavadh gave his support to the communistic sect founded by Mazdak,.
Kavadh II of Persia - Kavadh II of Persia Kavadh II Sheroe (Siroes), king of Persia, son of Khosrau II, was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the emperor Heraclius. He put his father and eighteen brothers to death, began negotiations with Heraclius, but died after a reign of a few months. This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
History of Persia - History of Persia History of Persia In 1935 Persia became Iran, see also History of Iran Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Dynasties 2 Median Dynasty 2.1 Achaemenid dynasty 2.2 Macedonian Dynasty 2.3 Seleucid dynasty 2.4 Parthian dynasty 2.5 Sassanid dynasty, 224-651 3 Seljuk Dynasty, 1029-1194 4 Ilkhans, 1256-1343 5 Timurid Dynasty, 1380-1449 6 Safavid Dynasty, 1502-1736 7 Afsharid Dynasty, 1736-1749 8 Zand Dynasty, 1750-1794 8.6 Qajar Dynasty, 1779-1925 8.7 Pahlavi Dynasty, 1925-1979 Dynasties See the Dutch version for a more detailed list. Median Dynasty Deioces 728-675 BC Phraortes 675-653 BC Cyaxares 625-585 BC Astyages 585-550 BC The Medes were an Iranian people. The Persians, a related and subject people, revolted against the Median empire during the 6th century BC. Achaemenid dynasty Achaemenes of Anshan. Teispes of Anshan,.
Hormizd IV of Persia - Hormizd IV of Persia Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as king of Persia from 578 to 590. He seems to have been imperious and violent, but not without some kindness of heart. Some very characteristic stories are told of him by Tabari (Noldeke, Geschichte d. Perser und Arhalter unter den Sasaniden, 264 ff.). His father's sympathies had been with the nobles and the priests. Hormizd protected the common people and introduced a severe discipline in his army and court. When the priests demanded a persecution of the Christians, he declined on the ground that the throne and the government could only be safe if it gained the goodwill of both concurring religions. The consequence was that he raised a strong opposition in the ruling classes, which.
Hormizd VI of Persia - Hormizd VI of Persia Hormizd V, king of Persia, was one of the many pretenders who rose after the murder of Khosrau II (628). He maintained himself about two years (631, 632) in the district of Nisibis. This entry was originally from an 1911 Encyclopedia..
Shahrbaraz of Persia - Shahrbaraz of Persia Famous general of Khosrau II of Persia. He took Damascus and Jerusalem in 613 and 614, and the Holy cross was carried away in triumph..
Yazdegerd III of Persia - Yazdegerd III of Persia Yazdegerd III, ("made by God," Izdegerdes), king of Persia, a grandson of Khosrau II, who had been murdered by his son Kavadh II in 628, was raised to the throne in 632 after a series of internal conflicts. He was a mere child and never really ruled; in his first year the Arabic invasion began, and in 637 the battle of Kadisiya decided the fate of the empire. Ctesiphon was occupied by the Arabs, and the king fled into Media. Yazdegerd fled from one district to another, till at last he was murdered at Merv in 651. The Parsees, who use the old Persian calendar, continue to count the years from his accession (era of Yazdegerd, beginning June 16, AD 632). His daughter Shahr.
John the Cappadocian - as prefect and Tribonian as quaestor. After the riots, which had been supported by the upper-class Senators, John, who had the same lower-class background as Justinian, became even more important in political affairs. John influenced Justinian's military decisions, helping to draft the Perpetual Peace with Khosrau I of Persia and convincing Justinian not to empty the treasury with a large expedition to North Africa. John worked with the emperor to reduce the size of the bureaucracy, both in Constantinople and in the provinces, developing a rudimentary meritocracy. Justinian's wife Theodora resented the amount of power and influence held by John. In 541 Theodora accused him of treason and had him dismissed. The bureaucracy of the empire fell back into corruption under John's successors. A different John the Cappadocian was Patriarch from.
Heraclius - the powerful Exarch of Carthage and had been one of East Roman Emperor Maurice's key generals in the 590 war with Persia. With the support of Priscus, one of Emperor Phocas' top military leaders, the patriarch Sergius and the Green political faction, Heraclius overthrew his predecessor and personally executed him. On October 5, 610, Heraclius was crowned in the Chapel of St. Stephen within the Great Palace and at the same time wed his betrothed, Fabia, who took the name Eudocia. She was beloved in Constantinople, and when she died in 612 and he married his niece Martina, the second marriage was never approved of. In the reign of Heraclius' two sons, the divisive Martina was to become the center of power and political intrigue. When Heraclius took power, the Empire.
History of the Levant - century shrank to its territorial core, its central authority permanently weakened. Only Assyria escaped significant damage. The Iron age The destruction at the end of the bronze age left a number of tiny kingdoms and City-states behind. A few Hittite centres remained in northern Syria, along with some Canaanite (Phoenician) ports that escaped destruction and now developed into great commercial powers. Southern Palestine initially fell to the Philistines, but by the 11th century BC had been conquered by the Hebrews. And most of the interior, as well as Babylonia, was overrun by Aramaeans. In this dark period a number of technological innovations spread, most notably iron working and the alphabet, developed by the Canaanites around the 16th century BC. Also around this time, the Hebrew religion developed into the first major.
History of Greek and Roman Egypt - it soon gained adherents among the Jews of Alexandria. From them it rapidly passed to the Greeks, and then to the native Egyptians, who found its promise of personal salvation and its teachings of social equality appealing. The ancient religion of Egypt put up surprisingly little resistance to the spread of Christianity. Possibly its long history of collaboration with the Greek and Roman rulers of Egypt had robbed it of its authority. Caracalla (211-217) granted Roman citizenship to all Egyptians, in common with the other provincials, but this was mainly to extort more taxes, which grew increasingly onerous as the needs of the Emperors for more revenue grew more desperate. There was a series of revolts, both military and civilian, through the 3rd century. Under Decius, in 250, the Christians again.
531 - 533 534 535 536 Events End of the reign of Northern Wei Chang Guang Wang, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty Khosrau I succeeds Kavadh I as king of Persia Theudis succeeds Amalaric as king of the Visigoths. Births Deaths Amalaric, king of the Visigoths (killed in battle)\n.
579 - by Northern Zhou Xuan Di, then Northern Zhou Jing Di Hormizd IV succeeds Khosrau I as king of Persia. Births John Climacus, Christian Saint Deaths\n.
Battle of Nineveh (627) - the Empire to its ancient boundaries in the Middle East. During a six-year campaign, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius had driven the Persians from Asia Minor back into their own territories, but the Persian Kasrā Khosrau II still refused to make peace. On December 12, 627, the main armies of Heraclius, in personal command, and Khosrau's army commanded by the general Rhahzadh, met at Nineveh. As many as 100,000 soldiers may have been engaged in the battle. The battle was closely contested, but Heraclius' superior generalship won the day, and Rhahzadh was killed in the fighting. Finally, the Persian army was driven from the field and Persia lay open to the Byzantine army. The next year, Heraclius captured the Persian capital of Ctesiphon and Persia accepted Heraclius' peace terms..
The Shahnameh - work is very much intelligible to the average, modern Iranian person. The language used in composing the Shahnameh is pure Persian with only the slightest admixture of Arabic. The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, an epical poem book of over 55,000 couplets, is based mainly on a prose work of the same name compiled in the poet's earlier life in his native Tous. This prose Shahnameh was in turn and for the most part the translation of a Pahlavi (Middle Persian) work, a compilation of the history of the kings and heroes of Iran from mythical times down to the reign of Khosrau II (590-628 A.D.), but it also contains additional material continuing the story to the overthrow of the Sassanids by the Arabs in the middle of the 7th century A.D. The.
Timeline of Buddhism - works in to Chinese. 400s: Earliest evidence of Buddhism in Myanmar (Pali inscriptions). Earliest evidence of Buddhism in Indonesia (statues). Earliest reinterpretations of Pali texts. 402: At the request of Yao Xing, Kumarajiva travels to Changan and translates many Buddhist texts in to Chinese. 403: In China, Hui Yuan argues that Buddhist monks should be exempt from bowing to the emperor. 405: Yao Xing honours Kumarajiva. 500s: Zen adherents enter Vietnam from China. Jataka stories are translated into Persian by order of the Zoroastrian king Khosrau I of Persia. 552: Buddhism was introduced to Japan via Baekje according to Nihonshoki. (Some scholars place this event in 538) 600s: Xuan Zang travelled to India, noting the persecution of Buddhists by Sasanka (king of Gouda, a state in north-west Bengal), before returning to.
Sassanid dynasty - dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Islamic Saracens. The Sassanid era began in earnest in 228, when the Shah Ardashir I destroyed the Parthian Empire which had held sway over the region for centuries. He and his successors created a vast empire which included those lands of the old Achaemenid Persian empire east of the Euphrates River. It was their long sought-after goal to reunify all of the old empire, and this brought them into frequent wars against the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire. Shah Khosrau II (Kasrā in Arabic) fleetingly achieved this goal in a series of.
Simplicius - the school of philosophy at Athens was disendowed and the teaching of philosophy forbidden, the scholars Damascius, Simplicius, Priscianus and four others resolved in 531 or 532 to seek the protection of Khosrau I, king of Persia, but, though they received a hearty welcome, they found themselves unable to endure a continued residence amongst barbarians. Before two years had elapsed they returned to Greece. Chosroes, in his treaty of peace concluded with Justinian in 533, expressly stipulated that the seven philosophers should be allowed "to return to their own homes, and to live henceforward in the enjoyment of liberty of conscience" (Agathias ~ 30, 31). After his return from Persia Simplicius wrote commentaries upon Aristotle's De coelo, Physica, De anima and Categoriae, which, with a commentary upon the Enchiridion of Epictetus,.
