Kingdom of Romania - Kingdom of Romania This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a "personal union" of two principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. After the defeat of the great empires of Central and Eastern Europe in World War I, "Greater Romania" added Transylvania, Bessarabia and Bukovina. However, "Greater Romania" was not to survive World War II. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Unification and monarchy 1.1 Timeline 2 The interbellum years 2.2 Timeline Unification and monarchy The 1859 ascendancy of Alexander John Cuza as prince of.
Romanian-Bulgarian kingdom - Romanian-Bulgarian kingdom The Vlach Asen and Peter brothers lead the Vlachs and the Bulgarians into a revolt against the Byzantine Empire in 1185 and established the Romanian-Bulgarian kingdom (also known as "The Second Bulgarian Kingdom"), with the capital at Târnovo. It initially consisted only of the teritories between the Balkan Mountains and Danube, but they will soon also include current Romania, a section of Serbia and western Macedonia. John Asen II, the fifth ruler of the Asen dynasty, will add western Thrace and part of Albania by 1230. The kingdom started to disintegrate after the death of John Asen II, and its armies were defeated in 1330, then the armies of the Ottoman Empire controlled all Bulgaria by 1396 External Links The 'Second Bulgarian Empire.' Its Origin and.
History of Romania - History of Romania This article is the top of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). Main article: Dacia The territory of today's Romania was inhabited in about 200 BC by the Dacians, a Thracian tribe. Eventually, a state emerged, for under the leadership of King Burebista (70-44 BC). Under his reign the Dacians became a powerful state which threatened even the regional interests of the Romans. Julius Caesar intended to start a campaign against the Dacians,.
History of Romania since 1989 - History of Romania since 1989 This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 After the collapse of communism in the rest of Eastern Europe in the late summer and fall of 1989, a mid-December protest in Timişoara against the forced relocation of a Hungarian minister grew into a country-wide protest against the Ceauşescu regime, sweeping the dictator from power. Ion Iliescu took over as president on December 22nd. Ceauşescu was immediately arrested, and after a quick trial, he and his wife were executed on December 25th. About 1,500 people were killed in confused street fighting. An impromptu governing coalition, the National Salvation.
Geography of Romania - Geography of Romania Extending inland halfway across the Balkan Peninsula and covering a large elliptical area of 237,499 square kilometers (91,699 sq. mi.), Romania occupies the greater part of the lower basin of the Danube River system and the hilly eastern regions of the middle Danube basin. It lies on either side of the mountain systems collectively known as the Carpathians, which form the natural barrier between the two Danube basins. Romania's location gives it a continental climate, particularly in the Old Kingdom (east of the Carpathians and south of the Transylvanian Alps) and to a lesser extent in Transylvania, where the climate is more moderate. A long and at times severe winter (December-March), a hot summer (April-July), and a prolonged autumn (August-November) are the principal seasons,.
Ferdinand of Romania - Ferdinand of Romania Ferdinand or Ferdinand I (August 24 1865-July 20 1927) was the king of Romania from October 10 1914 until his death Born in Sigmaringen in southwestern Germany, Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen became heir to the throne of his childless uncle, King Carol I of Romania in November 1888, following the renunciations of his father and elder brother. In 1893, Crown Prince Ferdinand married Princess Marie of Edinburgh, who was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and of Czar Alexander II of Russia. They had three sons (one of whom died in infancy) and three daughters. Ferdinand succeeded his uncle as King of Romania on 10 October 1914, reigning until his death on 20 July 1927. Though a member of a cadet.
Flag of Romania - Flag of Romania Flag Ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Romania is a tricolour of three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red. The colours represented here are thought to date far back into Romanian history, but the current incarnation was officially adopted only on December 27 1989. The previous national flag, that of the communist state (1947-1989), contained the then current national coat of arms in the centre yellow band. During the 1989 revolution many flags could be seen that had the communist emblem cut out of them and the subsequent government decided against adding any coat of arms to the flag, similar to the civil ensign during the Kingdom of Romania (1881-1947). The flag is very similar to the national flag of.
Carol II of Romania - Carol II of Romania Carol II of Romania (15 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from June 8, 1930 until September 6, 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand von Hohenzollern, King of Romania, and his wife, Princess Marie of Edinburgh (better known as Marie of Romania), who was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and also of Czar Alexander II of Russia. Background Known more for his romantic misadventures than for any leadership skills, Carol (Romanian for Charles) first married in Odessa, Ukraine, 31 August, 1918, in contravention of royal law, Joanna Marie Valentina Lambrino, ("Zizi" Lambrino) (1898-1953), daughter of a Romanian general; they had one son, Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino, and the marriage was annulled by royal decree in 1919..
Communist Romania - Communist Romania This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 The Soviets pressed for inclusion of Romania's heretofore negligible Communist Party in the post-war government, while non-communist political leaders were steadily eliminated from political life. King Michael abdicated under pressure in December 1947, when the Romanian People's Republic was declared, and went into exile. In the early 1960s, Romania's communist government began to assert some independence from the Soviet Union. Nicolae Ceauşescu became head of the Communist Party in 1965 and head of state in 1967. Ceauşescu's denunciation of the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and a brief relaxation in internal repression.
Romania in the Middle Ages - Romania in the Middle Ages This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Migration age 2 Hungarian migration 3 Medieval states 3.1 Wallachia and Moldavia 3.2 Transylvania 4 Ottoman Invasion Migration age Faced by successive invasions of Germanic tribes, the Roman administration withdrew from Dacia, abandoning the last of their positions north of the Danube during the reign of Aurelian (270-275). Multiple waves of invasion followed, such as the Slavs in the 7th century, most of whom were settlers who colonized the lowlands of Romania. They came into contact with, and were assimilated by, the Romanian.
Romania during World War II - Romania during World War II This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 After a brief period of nominal neutrality, Romania joined the Axis Powers in June 1941, under the government of Ion Antonescu. An August 1944 coup led by King Michael deposed the Antonescu dictatorship and put Romania on the side of the Allies for the remainder of the war. Despite this association with the winning side "Greater Romania was not to survive the war, losing territory to both Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The pre-war years 2 The war begins 3 Antonescu comes to.
Politics of Romania - Politics of Romania Romania's 1991 constitution, amended in 2003 proclaims Romania a democracy and market economy in which human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values. The constitution directs the state to implement free trade, protect the principle of competition, and provide a favorable framework for production. The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court and a separate system of lower courts that includes a Supreme Court. The national legislature is a bicameral or two chamber parliament, consisting of the House of Deputies and the Senate. Deputies and senators are elected for 4-year terms by universal suffrage under party list proportional representation electoral systems. The president is elected by popular vote.
National awakening of Romania - National awakening of Romania This article is part of the History of Romania series. Dacia Romania in the Middle Ages National awakening of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romania during World War II Communist Romania Romania since 1989 During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over most of the rest of the Romanian lands, most ethnic Romanians were in the situation of being second-class citizens (or even non-citizens) in their own country. In some Transylvanian cities, such as Braşov (at that time the Saxon citadel of Kronstadt), ethnic Romanians were not allowed to even to reside within the city walls. Increasingly, in the Romantic era, a national consciousness emerged among the Romanians, as among many other peoples of Europe. Defining themselves against the nearby Slavs,.
National holiday of Romania - National holiday of Romania The National Day of Romania or Union Day (Ziua Unirii) occurring on December 1, is the national holiday of Romania. This holiday was set after the 1989 Romanian Revolution and it marks the 1918 unification of the Romanian Kingdom with Transylvania. National holiday history The first holiday of Romania was set to be on May 10, which had a double meaning: it was the day in which it was instaurated the Romanian monarchy (in 1866), it was the day in which it was signed the Declaration of independence (in 1877). The communist regime changed the national holiday was on August 23 (1944 - the overthrow of the fascist government)..
Katyn Massacre - prisoners, had been captured and executed by invading German units in 1941. In 1944, having retaken the Katyn area, the Soviets exhumed the bodies again. That same year, President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt assigned Captain George Earle, his special emissary to the Balkans, to compile information on Katyn. Earle did so, using contacts in Bulgaria and Romania. Earle too concluded that the Soviet Union was guilty. FDR rejected that conclusion, saying that he was convinced of Nazi Germany's responsibility, and ordered Earle's report suppressed. When Earle formally requested permission to publish his findings, the President gave him a written order to desist. Earle was reassigned and spent the rest of the war in American Samoa. After the WWII the Polish Communist authorities covered up the matter in concord.
Kogaionidae - Kogaionidae Kogaionidae Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Therapsida Class: Mammalia Order: Multituberculata Family: Kogaionidae Genera Kogaionon Barbatodon Hainina Ref. Kogaionidae is a family of fossil mammals within the extinct order Multituberculata. Representatives are known from the Upper Cretaceous and the Paleocene of Europe. This family is part of the suborder Cimolodonta. Other than that, their systematic relationships are hard to define. Taxon: Kogaionidae Rădulescu R & Samson P, 1996 Remarks: These were small multituberculates. "Share with Taeniolabidoidea the general shape of the skull, with anterior part of zygomatic arches directed roughly transversely and very short basicranial region, which gives the skull a square-like appearance, but differ from them in having a strongly elongated snout and different dentition," (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001, p.418). Reference: Rădulescu & Samson (1996), The first multituberculate skull.
Kogaionon - Kogaionon Kogaionon Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Therapsida Class: Mammalia Order: Multituberculata Family: Kogaionidae Genus: Kogaionon Species K. ungureanui Ref. Kogaionon is a mammal genus from the Upper Cretaceous of Romania. It lived in Transylvania at the same time as some of the last dinosaurs and was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata. It was named after the holy mountain of the ancient Dacians. For those of a technical inclination, it's within the suborder of Cimolodonta, and the family Kogaionidae. Genus: Kogaionon Rădulescu R & Samson P, 1996 Species: \Kogaionon ungureanui Rădulescu R & Samson P, 1996 Place: Sinpetru Beds, Hateg Formation Country: Romania Age: Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous Remarks: A micromammal based on a well-preserved and near complete skull. The species name is in appreciation of the geologist, Costin.
January 11 - from the United States. 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union. 1867 - Benito Juarez becomes Mexican president again. 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War begins. 1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created. 1919 - Romania annexes Transylvania. 1922 - First successful treatment with insulin against diabetes. 1923 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments. 1935 - Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California. 1938 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. 1942 - Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies. 1942 - The Japanese.
January 24 - Emperor. 1848 - California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento. 1859 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania (see December 1 1918 for the final unification, Transylvania and other regions were still missing at this time). 1888 - Jacob L. Wortman patents the typewriter ribbon. 1908 - Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement. 1916 - In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax void. 1922 - Christian K. Nelson patents the Eskimo Pie. 1924 - St. Petersburg, Russia is renamed Leningrad. 1936 - Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France 1943 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca. 1952.
Victoria - Victoria is the name of several cities: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Victoria, Hong Kong was the name of the first British urban settlement in Hong Kong. The name is no longer used. Victoria, Malta Victoria, Romania Victoria, capital of the Seychelles, pop. 23,000, on the main island Mahe Victoria, Minnesota, United States of America Victoria, Texas, United States of America Victoria, Indiana, United States of America Victoria, Virginia, United States of America Victoria National Golf Club Victoria National Golf Club, Victoria, Indiana Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is the name of a lake in East Africa. Victoria Island Victoria Island is in the Canadian Arctic. (Victoria, British Columbia, is on an island, but that is Vancouver Island; Vancouver, British Columbia, is on the mainland). Victoria Peak Victoria Peak is a mountain on.
