Klingon language - Klingon language The Klingon language (in Klingon, tlhIngan Hol) is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand for Paramount and spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe. He designed the language with Object Verb Subject word order to give an alien feel to the language. A description of the Klingon language can be found in Dr. Marc Okrand's book The Klingon Dictionary (Published by Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, 1985, second edition with new addendum 1992, ISBN 067174559X). Other notable works include The Klingon Way (with Klingon sayings and proverbs), Klingon for the Galactic Traveler and the two audio productions Conversational Klingon and Power Klingon. Three books have also been published in the tongue: Hamlet, ghIlghameS (Gilgamesh) and paghmo' tIn mIS (Much Ado About.
Klingon Language Institute - Klingon Language Institute The Klingon Language Institute is an organization devoted to studying and teaching the Klingon language. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Klingon - Klingon Klingons, a race of humanoids in the fictional Star Trek universe, were the main antagonists in Star Trek: The Original Series and later became the uneasy allies of the United Federation of Planets. They were introduced in the episode Errand of Mercy. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Klingon biology 2 Klingon religion 3 History of the Klingon Empire 4 Klingon leadership 5 Klingon hand weapons 6 Extent of the Klingon Empire 7 Trivia 8 External Links Klingon biology Roughly humanoid in appearance, Klingons typically sport long manes of luxuriant hair, and for males, mustaches, and beards. Perhaps their most prominent external feature is their ridged forehead. These intricate, bony patterns vary by family line and are an evolutionary remnant of their prehistoric forms, when Klingons.
Guttural language - Guttural language A guttural language is a language that contains guttural sounds-- these are produced from the pharynx at the back of the throat or by the back of the tongue, as well as the palate and uvula. The word guttural is derived from the French and Latin denoting coming from the throat. Sometimes whether a language is guttural or not could depend on differences within regions and countries. The study of "gutturals" falls under the field of phonetics. Thus, it means that a pronounced or heavy sound, letter, and word that emanates from the pharynx and up from the back of the throat makes a certain kind of very heavy and pronounced "throaty" sound, very alien to the modern spoken English language and sometimes found to.
Fictional language - Fictional language Some authors use fictional languages as a device to underline differences in culture, by having their characters communicate in a fashion which is both alien and dislocated. Primary examples of this are: George Orwell's Newspeak in Nineteen Eighty-Four Anthony Burgess's Nadsat in A Clockwork Orange Iain M. Banks' Marain in his Culture novels and Ursula K. LeGuin's Pravic in The Dispossessed. Some of these languages are presented as distorted versions of modern English. Jack Womack's Dryco novels feature a future form of English with a modified grammar. A fictional language is separated from an artlang (language constructed for beauty or fun) by both purpose and relative completion: a fictional language generally has the least amount of grammar and vocabulary possible, and it is made usually.
Categorical list of programming languages - list of programming languages This is a list of programming language grouped by category. See also Alphabetical list of programming languages Chronological list of programming languages Generational list of programming languages Assembly languages directly correspond to a machine language (see below) in order to allow machine code instructions to be written in a form understandable by humans. Assembly languages allow programmers to use symbolic addresses which are later converted to absolute addresses by the assembler. Most assemblers also allow for macros and symbolic constants as well. SSK (Sistema Simvolicheskogo Kodirovaniya, or "System of symbolic coding") for Minsk family of computers. AKI (AvtoKod Ingenera, i.e., "engineer's autocode") for Minsk family of computers was half-step away from assembly languages and doesn't really fit into any other categories in this article. Authoring languages Tutor.
Constructed language - Constructed language An artificial or constructed language, colloquially conlang, is a language whose vocabulary and grammar were specifically devised by humans, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language. Some are designed for use in human communication, the same as natural languages, usually to function as an international auxiliary language, but others are created for use in fiction, linguistic experimentation, secrecy (codes), or simply for the sake of it. Conlangers differ on whether linguistic creation of the last kind is to be considered an art or a hobby. The term planned language is also used, when referring to international auxiliary languages, and by those who may object to the more common term "artificial". Speakers of Esperanto, for example, have said that.
Common phrases in different languages - of common phrases in different languages. It is possible for tourists in a country whose language they do not understand to get along with a surprisingly short list of phrases, combined with pointing, miming, and writing down numbers on paper. You are invited to add more languages to the list. Please use the minimum number of words that would be understandable and put the pronunciation in slashes according to SAMPA transcription if possible. If desired, also add a pseudo-English pronunciation guide for those not familiar with SAMPA or IPA. However, actual pronunciations of the pseudo-English spellings will vary wildly from speaker to speaker. Enclose the "spelling guide" in parentheses, separate syllables with dashes, use English words that sound like the syllables if possible, and render the stressed syllable in ALL CAPS..
Languages in Star Wars - or active understanding of multiple languages. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Humans and Humanoids 2 Droids and computers 3 Aliens 4 Writing 5 Language building Humans and Humanoids The language spoken most often by the human characters and by some non-humans is called Basic in novels and other supplementary materials (no relation to C. K. Ogden's Basic English or to the BASIC programming language), though this name is never mentioned in the films. This language is represented as English speech in the films, and is accordingly translated in versions of the films that are dubbed into other languages. Other fictional languages are left as is, sometimes with subtitles for the benefit of the audience. In the films, Imperial officers usually speak with upper-class British accents, while Rebels have American accents. Many.
List of languages - languages is alphabetical by English name. For a more structured list, see Language families and languages, ISO 639 or List of languages by total speakers. Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishs about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects. This is a list of natural and constructed languages spoken by humans. See also a list of programming languages. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Afrikaans Ainu Albanian Aleut Algonquin Amhara Amharic Anglo-Saxon Apache A-Pucikwar Arabic / عربية (Semitic) Aragonese Aramaic Arawak Armenian Assamese Assyrian Asturian Avestan Azerbaijani B Balochi Bambara Bavarian Basque Belarusian (Slavic) Bemba Berber Bété Biafran Bihari Blackfoot.
List of esoteric programming languages - and lesser-known programming languages: 23 4DL, a Befunge descendant ACS, a scripting language used in Hexen and modern Doom ports ADL, the Adventure Definition Language ADVSYS AKI (AvtoKod Ingenera, "engineer's autocode") for Minsk family of computers Ale ALPACA, a meta-language for programming arbitrary cellular automata ARCAL, a language for cellular automata Aura, a Brainfuck descendant B B5 BAK BANCStar BCPL BDAMD Beatnik Befunge beta-Juliet BFM, a Brainfuck variant with macros Blank Bloop Bon programming language Boo-yah Borg Brainfuck, designed to have the smallest compiler ever Bub, a Brainfuck variant Bubble Bullfrog C- Chef Choon COBOLscript Color Forth COMAL Condit COW CUPL Dis, a variant of Malbolge Doublefuck, an extended version of Brainfuck ETA FALSE FuckFuck (also known as F*ckF*ck, FeckFeck and FF) FIFTH FISC (Forced instruction set computing), an alternative to.
GhIlghameS - GhIlghameS ghIlghameS is the Klingon language translation of the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. While the original reverted to the public domain several years ago, Paramount Pictures owns the copyright to the translation. A bilingual paperback edition (ISBN 1587153386) was published in 2000..
Grammar - is the study of the rules governing the use of a language. That set of rules is also called the grammar of the language, and each language has its own distinct grammar. Grammar is part of the general study of language called linguistics. The subfields of grammar are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Linguists recognise a number of types of grammar. Prescriptive grammar -- an attempt to tell the users of the language how to use it in order to speak correctly. This is the sense in which some people state that "I didn't do nothing" is bad grammar. Descriptive grammar -- an attempt to describe the language as it is being used, regardless of whether it is considered correct or not. In many dialects, people say "I didn't say.
Ternary - useful for those seeking the representation of both positive and negative numbers. It would also supposedly be of use to a race of creatures with three digits or three arms; Marc Okrand, in fact, has stated that the Klingon language runs on a ternary system. Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ternary 0 1 2 10 11 12 20 21 22 100 101 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ternary Computers 2 Balanced Ternary Notation 3 Compact Ternary Representation 4 External Links Ternary Computers Setun See also: Ternary logic Balanced Ternary Notation There is also a number system called balanced ternary, which uses digits with the values -1, 0, and 1. It works as follows. (In this example, the symbol 1 denotes the digit -1.) Decimal.
Trekker - as "Trekkies." There are many Star Trek fan clubs, the largest currently being STARFLEET International which has about 4,000 members. A 1997 documentary film, called Trekkies, chronicled some of these devoted fans. There is a persistent stereotype that amongst Trekkies can be found speakers of the artificial Klingon language. The reality is less clear-cut, as some of its most fluent speakers are more language geeks than people obsessed with Star Trek. Most Trekkies have only the basic vocabulary of Klingon, like a few common words heard over the series innumerable times, but not Klingon's syntax or precise phonetics. Trekkies have been parodied in several films including Galaxy Quest. William Shatner did a famous sketch on Saturday Night Live that also parodied Trekkies. There was once a pitch for a reality TV.
Science fiction themes - History Alternate history History repeating itself (either on long or short scales) Scientific prediction of the future (e.g. Psychohistory) Secret history Horror fiction Interstellar travel Faster than Light Hyperspace Warp drivess Wormholes Very nearly light speed Ursula LeGuin's NAFAL ships, and the Twin paradox Much slower than Light Generation ship Sleeper ship Moving planets Language Alien languages (e.g. Klingon) All humans speaking one language (possibly Esperanto) Current human languages evolving/splitting The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis being strongly true (eg Babel 17 by Samuel R. Delany or The Languages of Pao by Jack Vance) Universal Translators (e.g. Babelfish) Military - strategy, weapons, ranks, technologies. Ray guns Space warfare Mind Artificial intelligence Beings of pure mentality Hive minds Memory removal/editing Mind control Mind uploading Neural implants and interfacing with machinery (directly) Solipsism Mutants Parallel worlds.
Subject Object Verb - used in linguistic typology to state the general order of words in a language's sentences. The SOV type is the most common type found in natural languages. It corresponds roughly to Reverse Polish Notation in computer languages. Turkish, Japanese, Korean, Persian and Latin belong to this category. German uses SVO in main clauses, but employs SOV in subordinate clauses. SOV languages tend to have the adjectives before nouns, to use postpositions rather than prepositions, to place relative clauses before the nouns to which they refer, and to place auxiliary verbs after the action verb. Some have special particles to separate the subject from the object, such as the Japanese wa. The other permutations in rough order of importance: Subject Verb Object (e.g. English, Spanish, Italian, Kiswahili, Chinese) Verb Subject Object (e.g..
Subject-verb-object - the subject Günther, and gefahren is a non-finite verb, a past participle, in the standard verb-final position). German verbs appear before their subjects when an adverb or modifying the verb, or a phrase acting as such an adverb, is at the beginning of the sentence. Rare sequences are often used for effect in fiction, to mark a character's speech as alien. Examples include the Klingon language (OVS) and Yoda in Star Wars (OSV: "a brave man your father was")..
Romulan - in 2150 the humans would make first contact with the Romulans and four years later the Earth-Romulan war began. In 2160 the Romulans and the humans sign a treaty establishing a neutral zone one light-year wide between their territories and in 2161 the humans formed the United Federation of Planets. About a century later the Romulans invented a new piece of technology called a cloaking device which made their ships invisible to sensors. They then proceeded to break the treaty by attacking several Federation outposts. In response to these attacks, the Starship Enterprise tracked down the ship carrying out the attacks and destroyed it. Several years later, in 2267, the Romulans entered a treaty with the Klingon Empire, and received several D7 battlecruisers, which the Romulans upgraded into extremely deadly war.
Quenya - one of the languages spoken by the Elves in J. R. R. Tolkien's work. It was the language that developed among those Elves that reached Valinor (they are at times also called Eldar, "star-folk" or High Elves). Of the Three Houses of Elves, the Noldor and the Vanyar spoke different, though mutually intelligible dialects of Quenya. The language was also adopted by the Valar who also made some new introductions into it from their own original language. The Third House, the Teleri, spoke a different, closely related language: Telerin. The Noldor that fled to Middle-earth following the Darkening of Valinor spoke Quenya among themselves. However when Thingol of Doriath, who was the king of the Sindar (silvan-Elves that stayed in Middle-earth all along) learnt about their slaying of the Teleri, he.
