Knowledge representation - Knowledge representation Knowledge representation is a central problem in artificial intelligence. The question is how to store and manipulate knowledge in an information system in a formal way so that it may be used by mechanisms to accomplish a given task. Examples of applications are expert systems, machine translation systems, computer-aided maintenance systems and information retrieval systems (including database front-ends). Some people think it would be best to represent knowledge in the same way that it is represented in human mind, which is the only known working intelligence so far, or to represent knowledge in the form of human language. Unfortunately, we don't know how knowledge is represented in the human mind, or how to manipulate human languages in the same way as the human mind..
Knowledge Representation System - Knowledge Representation System The Knowledge Representation System (KRS) is a frame-based language built on Common LISP. This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
Knowledge Systems Laboratory - Knowledge Systems Laboratory Knowledge Systems Laboratory(KSL) is an artificial intelligence research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. Current work focuses on knowledge representation for sharable engineering knowledge bases and systems, computational environments for modelling physical devices, architectures for adaptive intelligent systems, and expert systems for science and engineering. This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
Knowledge technology - Knowledge technology Knowledge technologies have emerged as a concept distinct from Knowledge Management. The term knowledge technologies refers to a fuzzy set of tools including languages and software enabling better representation, organization and exchange of information and knowledge. The term has been used to name a series of conferences in 2001-2002. It is also the title for a part of the Information Society Technologies thematic priority in the European Union's sixth Framework Programme 2002-2006. Among knowledge technologies are Ontologies and Topic Maps. External Links Knowledge Technologies Conference European Union FP6 - IST - Knowledge Technologies KTweb - Connecting Knowledge Technology Communities.
Knowledge - Knowledge simple:Knowledge Knowledge includes, but is not limited to, those descriptions, hypotheses, concepts, theories, principles and procedures which to a reasonable degree of certainty are either true or useful. Knowledge consists of beliefs about reality. One way of deriving and verifying knowledge is from tradition or from generally recognized authorities of the past, such as Aristotle. Knowledge may also be based upon the pronouncements of secular or religious authority such as the state or the church. A second way to derive knowledge is by observation and experiment: the scientific method. Knowledge may also be derived by reason from either traditional, authoritative, or scientific sources or a combination of them and may or may not be verified by resort to observation and testing. Knowledge may be factual.
Representation - Representation A representation of some object or concept might mean one of many things. In mathematics, a group representation is a way of viewing a group in some more concrete way. Knowledge representation is a search for formal ways to describe knowledge presented in informal terms (a prerequisite for its handling as computation. Logical meaning of some object, in object-oriented programming..
KL-ONE - to be confused with KL1. "An Overview of the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System", R.J. Brachman and J. Schmolze, Cognitive Sci 9(2), 1985. This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
KRL - KRL Knowledge Representation Language. A frame-based language. "An Overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language", D.G. Bobrow and T. Winograd, Cognitive Sci 1:1 (1977). This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
James Gillespie Blaine - years (December 1863 to December 1876), followed by a little over four years in the Senate. He was chosen speaker of the House in 1869 and served three terms. The House was the fit arena for his political and parliamentary ability. He was a ready and powerful debater, full of resource, and dexterous in controversy. The tempestuous politics of the war and reconstruction period suited his aggressive nature and constructive talent. The measures for the rehabilitation of the states that had seceded from the Union occupied the chief attention of Congress for several years, and Blaine bore a leading part in framing and discussing them. The primary question related to the basis of representation upon which they should be restored to their full rank in the political system. A powerful section.
Jean Marie Roland - qualities of assiduity and accuracy, and that familiarity with the commerce of the country, which influenced his career in public life. In 1781 he married Manon Jeanne Phlipon, who became famous as Madame Roland. For four years after their marriage Roland lived at Amiens, still working as a factory inspector; but his knowledge of commercial affairs enabled him to contribute articles to the Encyclopedie Nouvelle, in which, as in all his literary work, he was assisted by his wife. After they moved to Lyons, the influence of both became wider and more powerful. Their fervent political aspirations could not be concealed, and from the beginning of the Revolution they threw in their lot with the party of advance. The Courrier de Lyon contained articles the success of which reached even to.
Yale Romanization - the second would be written "ch'i". In Yale romanization they would be written "ji" and "chi." The Yale system also avoids the difficulties faced by the beginner trying to read pinyin romanization because it uses certain roman letters and combinations of letters in such a way that they no longer carry their expected values. For instance, "q" in pinyin is pronounced something like the "ch" in "chicken" and is written as "ch" in Yale romanization. "Xi" in pinyin is pronounced something like the "sh" in "sheep," but it Yale it is written as "syi." "Zh" in pinyin sounds something like the "ger" in "gerbil," and is written as "jr" in Yale romanization. In Wade-Giles, knowledge is "chi-shih", in pinyin it is written "zhishi", but in Yale romanization it is written "jr-shr",.
John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell of St Andrews - half-blood- of the first purchaser; the fourth conferred an indefeasible title on adverse possession for twenty years (a term shortened by Lord Cairns in 1875 to twelve years); the fifth reduced the number of witnesses required by law to attest wills, and removed the vexatious distinction which existed in this respect between freeholds and copyholds; the last freed an innocent debtor from imprisonment only before final judgment (or on what was termed mesne process), but the principle stated by Campbell that only fraudulent debtors should be imprisoned was ultimately given effect to for England and Wales in 1869. In one of his most cherished objects, however, that of Land Registration, which formed the theme of his maiden speech in parliament, Campbell was doomed to disappointment. His most important appearance as member.
Julius Caesar - various cities to collect the ransom money. Thirty-eight days later, they returned with the ransom and Caesar was set free. As soon as he was ransomed, he organized a naval force, captured the pirates and their stronghold and put them to death by crucifixion. In 69 BC, Caesar became a widower after Cornelia's death trying to deliver a stillborn son. In the same year, he lost his aunt Julia, to whom he was very attached. Contrary to the tradition, Caesar insisted on public funerals for both and delivered eulogy speeches from the rostra. Julia's funeral was filled with political connotations, since Caesar insisted on parading Marius's funeral mask. This was the first attack on the Sullan proscription laws of the former decade. Although Caesar was very fond of both women (according.
Improvisational theatre - location, or using physical gestures to define an invisible space object. These activities are also known as endowment. It is the responsibility of the other actors to accept the offers that their fellow performers make; to not do so is known as blocking, which usually prevents the scene from developing. Some performers may deliberately block (or otherwise break out of character) for comedic effect (this is known as gagging), but this generally prevents the scene from advancing and is often frowned upon by improvisers. Accepting an offer can also be accompanied by adding a new offer, often building on the earlier one; this is a process which improvisational actors refer to as "Yes, And..." and it is considered the cornerstone of improvisational techinque. Improv performance also allows an active relationship with.
Information - on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, negentropy, communication, truth, representation, and mental stimulus. Although many people speak of the advent of the "information age," the "information society," and information technologies, and even though information science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has come to acquire. The following is a list of the most important meanings, roughly in order of narrowest to broadest. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Information as negative entropy 2 Information as a message 3 Information as a pattern 4 Information as sensory input 5 Information as an influence which leads to a transformation 6 References 7 See also 8.
Information space - metaphor to information. See also Cartography Cluster analysis Cyberspace Factor analysis Knowledge representation Semantic network Virtual reality.
Inheritance (computer science) - these could all have a "makeNoise();" method. Mammal Cat Dog Appliance Telephone Blender Thus passing any to an Recorder.captureSoundOf(NoiseMaker()); would capture the sound emitted. Thus from the perspective of a recorder, each is a NoiseMaker. However, there has been no small amount of inconsistency in the usage of the "is-a" link: R. J. Brachman wrote a paper titled "What IS-A is and isn't", wherein 29 different semantics were found in projects whose knowledge representation schemes involved an "is-a" link. Other links include the "has-part" or "has a" link. In the UML, is a is a relationship symbolized with an arrow; a white arrowhead points to the superclass. The tail of the arrow rests on the subclass. Sowa's conceptual graph places the is a in a bubble (circle). The classes [Socrates] and.
Hackers (short stories) - hacker finds a female friend and becomes enthralled by a new video game involving plane dogfighting that is projected in the air. He received help from his female friend, who is also a hardware and software hacker, to become one of the best fighters. To beat the best fighter though he betrays and hurts his friend, only to find himself alone once again. The parents of the female hacker have set a neural block on her that keeps her virginity. "Our Neural Chernobyl" This story was written by Bruce Sterling, and was first published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in 1988. In a bizarre future, free from AIDS and other genetic diseases, everyone can be a human genome hacker. One such hacker/scientist while trying to find a way.
Henry Vane the Younger - and will in the hand of another." King and people were bound by "the fundamental constitution or compact", which if the king violated, the people might return to their original right and freedom. In spite of these free opinions, Vane still desired the maintenance of the monarchy and the constitution. He voted for a declaration to this effect on 28 April, 1648, and had consistently opposed the various votes of "non-addresses". Several communications had already been fruitlessly attempted with Vane from the king's side, through the agency of Lord Lovelace in January 1644, and through that of John Ashburnham in March 1646. Vane now supported the renewal of negotiations, and was appointed on 1 September 1648 one of the commissioners for the Treaty of Newport. He here showed a desire to.
Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux - arrival in London. He obtained the friendship of Lord Grey and the leading Whig politicians. His wit and gaiety made him an ornament of society, and he sought to extend his literary and political reputation by the publication of an elaborate work on the colonial policy of the empire. In 1806, Fox being then in office, he was appointed secretary to a mission of Lord Rosslyn and Lord St Vincent to the court of Lisbon, with a view to counteract the anticipated French invasion of Portugal. The mission lasted two or three months; Brougham came home out of humour and out of pocket; and meantime the death of Fox put an end to the hopes of the Whigs. Brougham was disappointed by the abrupt fall of the ministry, and piqued that.
