Kongo - Kongo The Kongo Empire was an African kingdom located in southwest Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. At its greatest extent, it reached from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Kwango River in the east, and from the Congo River in the north to the Loje River in the south. The empire consisted of six provinces ruled by a monarch, the Manikongo of the Bakongo people, but its sphere of influence extended to the neighboring states as well. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Kongo Empire was a highly developed state at the center of an extensive trading network. Apart from natural resources and ivory, the.
Debout Kongolaise - dans la paix, O peuple ardent, par le labeur, nous bâtirons un pays plus beau qu'avant, dans la paix. VERSE Citoyens, entonnez l'hymne sacré de votre solidarité, Fièrement, saluez l'emblème d'or de votre souveraineté, Kongo. REFRAIN Don béni, (Kongo) des aïeux (Kongo), O pays (Kongo) bien aimé (Kongo), Nous peuplerons ton sol et nous assurerons ta grandeur. (Trente juin) O doux soleil (trente juin) de trente juin, (Jour sacré) Sois le témoin (jour sacré) de l'immortel serment de liberté Que nous léguons à notre postérité pour toujours. English Translation CHOIR Arise, Congolese, united by fate, United in the struggle for independence, Let us hold up our heads, so long bowed, And now, for good, let us keep moving boldly ahead, in peace. Oh, ardent people, by hard work we shall build,.
ISO 639 - jv Javanese jrb Judeo-Arabic jpr Judeo-Persian K kbd Kabardian kab Kabyle kac Kachin kal kl Kalaallisut; Greenlandic xal Kalmyk kam Kamba kan kn Kannada kau kr Kanuri kaa Kara-Kalpak krc Karachay-Balkar kar Karen kas ks Kashmiri csb Kashubian kaw Kawi kaz kk Kazakh kha Khasi khm km Khmer khi Khoisan (Other) kho Khotanese kik Kikuyu kin rw Kinyarwanda kir ky Kirghiz kom Komi kon kg Kongo kok Konkani kor ko Korean kpe Kpelle kro Kru kua kj Kuanyama kum Kumyk kur ku Kurdish kru Kurukh kus Kusaie kut Kutenai L lad Ladino lah Lahnda lam Lamba lao lo Lao lat la Latin lav lv Latvian ltz Letzeburgesch lez Lezghian lin ln Lingala lit lt Lithuanian jbo Lojban log pd Low German loz Lozi lub Luba-Katanga lui Luiseno smj Lule Sami lun.
History of Africa - of the knowledge of the continent. This was rendered more easy by their use of the camel (first introduced into Africa by the Persian conquerors of Egypt), which enabled the Arabs to traverse the desert. In this way Senegambia and the middle Niger regions fell under the influence of the Arabs and Berbers, but it was not until 1591 that Timbuktu—a city founded in the 11th century—became Muslim. That city had been reached in 1352 by the great Arab traveller Ibn Battuta, whose journey to Mombasa and Quiloa (Kilwa) provided the first accurate knowledge of those flourishing Muslim cities on the east African seaboards. Except along this seaboard, which was colonized directly from Asia, Arab progress southward was stopped by the broad belt of dense forest, stretching almost across the continent.
History of the Republic of the Congo - of the Congo, forming the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those states. Several Bantu kingdoms -- notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke -- built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. The first European contacts came in the late 15th century, and commercial relationships were quickly established with the kingdoms--trading for slaves captured in the interior. The coastal area was a major source for the transatlantic slave trade, and when that commerce ended in the early 19th century, the power of the Bantu kingdoms eroded. The area came under French sovereignty in the 1880s. Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, a French empire builder, competed with agents of Belgian King Leopold's International Congo Association (later Zaire) for control of the Congo River basin. King Leopold, on.
History of Angola - Angola was inhabited by peoples speaking Bantu languages, engaged in agriculture with iron tools and trade over long distances. States in the area included the Kongo kingdom and Mbundu kingdoms inland from Luanda. In 1482, when the Portuguese first landed in what is now northern Angola, they encountered the Kingdom of the Kongo, which stretched from modern Gabon in the north to the Kwanza River in the south. Mbanza Congo, the capital, had a population of 50,000 people. South of this were various important states, of which the Kingdom of Ndongo, ruled by the Ngola (King), was most significant. Modern Angola derives its name from the king of Ndongo. The Portuguese soon established control over the port cities of Luanda and Benguela and gradually took control of the coastal strip throughout.
Empire - the British Empire, after India gained its independence it quickly split along cultural lines producing the country of Pakistan, which later split yet again resulting in the country of Bangladesh. The concept of "empire" in the modern world, while still present politically, is losing cohesion semantically. For example, the former Soviet Union fits many of the criteria of an empire, but nevertheless did not claim to be one, nor was it ruled by a traditional hereditary "emperor" (see Soviet Empire). In the early 21st century, tendencies to refer to the USA as an empire could be seen, following the book Empire by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt (see American Empire or History of United States Imperialism). Among the empires in history are: Akkadian Empire Arabian Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire Aztec Empire British.
Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - million in 1997. As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the Kongo, Luba, and Mongo. Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French and the intermediary languages Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala. About 80% of the Congolese population are Christian, predominantly Roman Catholic. Most of the non-Christians adhere to either traditional religions or syncretic sects. Traditional religions embody such concepts as monotheism, animism, vitalism, spirit and ancestor worship, witchcraft, and sorcery and vary widely among ethnic groups; none is formalized. The syncretic sects often merge Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals. The most popular of these sects, Kimbanguism, was seen as a threat to the colonial regime and was banned by.
Demographics of the Republic of the Congo - mortality rate: 101.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.43 years male: 44.49 years female: 50.47 years (2000 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.06 children born/woman (2000 est.) Nationality: noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo Ethnic groups: Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans NA% note - Europeans estimated at 8,500, mostly French, before the 1997 civil war; may be half of that in 1998, following the widespread destruction of foreign businesses in 1997 Religions: Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2% Languages: French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.9% male: 83.1% female: 67.2% (1995 est.).
Democratic Republic of the Congo - of almost a million square kilometers. The country's only outlet to the Atlantic Ocean is a narrow strip of land on the north bank of the Congo River. The vast, low-lying central area is a basin-shaped plateau sloping toward the west and covered by tropical rainforest. This area is surrounded by mountainous terraces in the west, plateaux merging into savannas in the south and southwest, and dense grasslands extending beyond the Congo River in the north. Economy Main article: Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast potential wealth - has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. The war, which began in August 1998, has dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, has increased external debt, and.
USS Sealion (SS-315) - the scene of the action on 12 September. Rakuyo Maru had been carrying Australian and British prisoners of war. By 2045, Sealion had taken on 54 POWs and started back to Saipan. All of the POWs were coated with crude oil and all were in poor health suffering from malaria, malnutritional diseases such as pellagra and beriberi, and exposure. Three died before the submarine reached Balintang Channel on 17 September. On 18 September, destroyer Case (DD-370) rendezvoused with Sealion and transferred a doctor and a pharmacist's mate to the submarine. On 19 September, a fourth POW died; and, on 20 September, Sealion arrived in Tanapag Harbor and transferred the surviving 50 to the Army hospital there. From Saipan, Sealion returned to Hawaii. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 30 September, she departed.
USS Trout (SS-202) - the west of Midway Island in preparation for the Japanese attack. At 0812 on 4 June, Trout sighted a Japanese fighter plane preparing to attack from astern. She went deep and heard a series of light explosions. On 9 June, Trout passed through a large oil slick and some debris before rescuing two Japanese from a large wooden hatch cover. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 June without firing a torpedo. On 27 August, the submarine proceeded via the Marshall Islands to the Caroline Islands and began patrolling off Truk. She was detected by patrol craft on 10 September and was forced to go deep for one and one-half hours while they rained down 45 depth charges. The next day, she sighted a large transport, but escorts forced her to.
1490 - John Colet receives M.A. from Magdalen College, Oxford. Castle Church in Wittenberg is begun. Pedro de Covilham arrives in Ethiopia. Catholic missionaries arrive in the African kingdom of Kongo. Births March 24 - Georg Agricola, German scholar, scientist (+ 1555) May 16 - Albert, Duke of Prussia (+ 1568) June 28 - Albert of Mainz, elector, archbishop Vittoria Colonna, Italian poetess (+ 1547) Jean Salmon Macri, poet (+ 1557) Andrej Perlah, Slovene mathematician Philip, Duke of Nemours, son of Philip II of Savoy Bernhard von Reesen Gdansk merchant (approximate date) Kaspar Schwenkfeld von Ossig, German theologian (+ 1561) Deaths Charles I of Savoy\n.
Zaire, Angola - kilometres in the north west of the country. It has a tropical climate. The provincial capital is M'Banza Kongo. Other municipalities include Soyo, Tomboco, N'Zeto, Noqui, and Cuimba. Industries include Oil Mining: asphalt, iron, phosphates, lead, zinc Agriculture: cashew nuts, cassava, castor-oil, citrus fruits, coffee, massambala, palm oil, pineapples, peanuts, rice, soybeans, sweet potatoes Cattle farming Fishing Production of construction materials.
Ann Nzinga Mbande - formed an alliance with the Jaga people by marrying their chief, and subsequently conquered the Matamba Kingdom. She gained notoriety during the war for personally leading her troops into battle. The Jaga eventually betrayed her, but she was able to form an alliance with the Dutch until they were defeated by the Portuguese at Luanda. After the defeat of the Dutch, Nzinga retreated to Matamba and continued to resist Portugal. She was able to form a further coalition with in 1635 the Kongo, Kassanje, Dembos, and Kissama. She resisted Portugal for thirty more years, continuing to lead troops into battle well beyond her sixties. In time Portugal, and most of Europe, would come to respect her. Despite numerous efforts to dethrone her, Nzinga would die a peaceful death at age eighty.
Music of Cuba - Rodrigíguez was especially influential, incorporating improvised solos, toques, congas and extra trumpets, percussion and pianos. Beny Moré (known as the "Barbarian of Rhythm") further evolved the genre, adding guaracha, bolero and mambo influences, helping make him extraordinarily popular and is now cited as perhaps the greatest sonero. With the arrival of pop chachachá and mambo in the United States, son also became extremely popular but was usually called rumba, which more properly refers to a specific genre of music. Son, mambo and rumba, along with other forms of Latin music contributed to the development of salsa music, which quickly became perhaps the most popular form of Latin music ever. Guajira The original guajira was earthy, strident rural music. It was refined and popularized by the Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist Guillermo Portabales,.
Music of Haiti - rhythms from Port-au-Prince and surrounding areas include yanvalou, mayi, zepol and dawomen, while in Gonaives, Rada takes such names as wanjale, akbadja, and kavalye hounto. In the Petwo family one can find: petwo makaya, fran petwo, petwo doki, makandal, bumba and kita. There are many other Vodou rhythms, including djoumba, kongo, ibo, tchika, raboday, banda, nago, maskawon. Ra-ra music was traditionally played during the Carnival celebrations and was an integral part of native voodoo relious beliefs. At parades, persons possessed by the Gedes (a type of loa, or god) chastizes bystanders in extremely offensive terms. Musicians like Boukman Eksperyans, Boukan Ginen and Manno Charlemagne incorporated reggae, rock and funk rhythms, continuing in spite of governmental pressure during the 1990s. 20th century Compas is a complex, ever-changing music that arose from European.
List of extinct countries, empires, etc. - description of the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Irish Free State - renamed Éire in 1937. Ivory Coast - became Côte d'Ivoire in 1985, the French name being used in all languages thereafter Kampuchea - Name of Cambodia from 1980 to 1989, before reverting to the original (1949 to 1975) name. Khmer Republic - Name of Cambodia from 1975 to 1980 Persia - Name of Iran until 1935. Republic of the Congo - Name of Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1960 to 1966. Siam - Name of Thailand until 1938. Upper Volta - Name of Burkina Faso until 1984. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland renamed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927. (Most of Ireland had left in 1922.) Zaire - Name of Democratic Republic.
List of ships of the Japanese Navy - Shinyo Shoho Shokaku Soryu Taiho Taiyo Unryu Unyo Yamashiro Maru Zuiho Zuikaku Battleship Fuso Haruna Hiei Hyuga Ise Kirishima Kongo Musashi Mutsu Nagato Yamashiro Yamato ''see also: Japanese ship naming conventions.
List of destroyers - two ships Tachikaze-class - three ships Shirane-class - two ships Hatakaze-class - two ships Asagiri-class - eight ships Kongo-class - four ships Murasame-class - nine ships Indian Navy Rajput-class - five ships Dehli-class - three ships Talwar-class - three ships Italian Navy Palestro-class - four ships Generale-class - six ships Curtatone-class - four ships Sella-class - four ships Sauro-class - four ships Turbine-class - eight ships Navigatori-class - twelve ships Freccia-class - four ships Folgore-class - four ships Maestrale class - four ships Oriani-class - four ships Soldati-class - eighteen ships Audace-class - two ships Luigi Durand de la Penne-class - two ships Portuguese Navy Guadina-class - four ships Douro-class - seven ships Royal Navy A-class - eleven ships B-class - nine ships C & D-class - fourteen ships E &.
