Kurt Alder - Kurt Alder Kurt Alder (10 July, 1902 - 20 June, 1958) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Otto Paul Hermann Diels in 1950. Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte in Upper Silesia, now in Poland and known as Krolewska Huta, where he received his early schooling. Forced to leave the area for political reasons after the First World War, he studied chemistry at the University of Berlin from 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his PhD was awarded in 1926 for work supervised by Diels. In 1930 Alder was appointed reader for chemistry at Kiel, and promoted to lecturer in 1934. In 1936 he left Kiel to join I G Farben Industrie at.
Diels-Alder reaction - Diels-Alder reaction The Diels-Alder Reaction is an organic chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene (commonly termed the dienophile) to form a substituted cyclohexene system. The reaction can proceed even if some of the atoms in the newly-formed ring are not carbon. Some of the Diels-Alder reactions are reversible; the decomposition reaction of the cyclic system is then called the Retro-Diels-Alder. This reaction belongs to a larger class known as 2 + 4 cycloadditions, which are characterized by the formation of a ring by a process involving two pi electrons of one reactant and four pi electrons of the other. Such reactions tend to be especially rapid because the transition state (see activation energy) involves six pi electrons delocalized around a ring, much like.
Alder crater - Alder crater Alder is a crater on Earth's Moon, named after Nobel-winning chemist Kurt Alder. It is 77km in diameter and located at 48.6°S, 177.4°W, in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Alder crater is associated with the only area in the basin not dominated by the pyroxene rocks typical of lunar lowlands. This alder ejecta area is on spectrographic evidence instead principally anorthosite rock, typical of the lunar highlands. See also List of Lunar craters.
July 10 - home to his family in St. Louis, Missouri after being in the Tomb of the Unknowns since 1984. 1998 - Catholic priests' sex abuse scandal: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos. 2000 - In southern Nigeria, a petroleum pipeline explodes killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline. 2002 - At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson. Births 1509 - John Calvin, reformer (+ 1564) 1830 - Camille Pissarro, painter and graphic artist (+ 1903) 1834 - James McNeil Whistler, painter: Study in Gray and Black 1842 - Adolphus Busch (brewer: founder of Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest.
1950 - starring John Wayne Harvey starring Jimmy Stewart 1950 in literature Thor Heyerdahl - Kon Tiki 1950 in music January 3 - Sam Phillips opened Sun Records 1950 in sports 1950 in television February 2 - What's My Line debuts on CBS. February 25 - Your Show of Shows premieres on NBC. July 10 - Your Hit Parade premieres on NBC. October 5 - First television bordcast of You Bet Your Life on NBC October 10 - The FCC approves CBS color TV system, effective Nov. 20. The Burns and Allen Show Truth or Consequences The number of homes in the U.S. that own a television set reaches the one million mark. Births January 16 - Debbie Allen, actress, dancer, choreographer January 18 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian racing driver January 21 -.
Timeline of biology and organic chemistry - Louis Pasteur convincingly disproves the spontaneous generation of cellular life. 1865 - Gregor Mendel presents his experiments on the crossbreeding of pea plants and postulates dominant and recessive factors. 1865 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realizes that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring. 1869 - Friedrich Miescher discovers nucleic acids in the nuclei of cells. 1874 - Jacobus van 't Hoff and Joseph-Achille Le Bel advance a three-dimensional stereochemical representation of organic molecules and propose a tetrahedral carbon atom. 1876 - Oskar Hertwig and Hermann Fol show that fertilized eggs possess both male and female nuclei. 1884 - Emil Fischer begins his detailed analysis of the compositions and structures of sugars. 1898 - Martinus Beijerinck uses filtering experiments to show that tobacco mosaic disease.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry - on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases 1937 Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 1938 Richard Kuhn for his work on carotenoids and vitamins 1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes 1943 George de Hevesy for his work on the use of isotopes as tracerss to study chemical processes 1944 Otto Hahn for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei 1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry 1946 James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and.
List of chemistry topics - -- Elements song -- Elias James Corey -- Emerald -- Emil Hermann Fischer -- Emil Knoevenagel -- emulsion -- energy level -- Enthalpy -- Entropy -- environmental chemistry -- Enzyme -- Epidiorite -- Epinephrine -- Epoxyethane -- Epsom salt -- Erbium -- Ernest Rutherford -- Ernst Otto Fischer -- ester -- Ethanol -- ethene -- ether -- Europium -- Euxenite -- explosive -- F f block -- f-orbital -- F. Sherwood Rowland -- Fahrenheit -- Fat -- Feldspar -- Felsic -- Ferberite -- Fergusonite -- Fermium -- Ferric oxide -- Ferrocene -- Filtration -- Flint -- Fluorapatite -- fluorescence spectroscopy -- fluorine -- Fluorite -- Fluorspar -- Formaldehyde -- Formic acid -- Francis William Aston -- Francium -- Francois Auguste Victor Grignard -- Frankeite -- Franklinite -- Franz Joseph Emil Fischer.
List of Lunar craters - George Biddell Airy) Aitken (after Robert Aitken, American astronomer) Akis (a common Greek female name) Alan (a common Irish male name) Al-Bakri (after A. A. al-Bakri, Spanish-Arabian geographer) Albategnius (after al-Batani) Al-Biruni (after al-Biruni) Alden (after Harold Alden, American astronomer) Alder (after Kurt Alder, German chemist) Aldrin (after Buzz Aldrin) Alekhin (after Nikolai Alekhin, Soviet rocket designer) Alexander (after Alexander the Great) Alfraganus (after al Fargani, Persian astronomer) Alhazen (after Alhazen) Aliacensis (after Pierre d'Ailly, French geographer) Al-Khwarizmi (after al-Khwarizmi) Almanon (after Abdalla Al Mamun, Persian astronomer) Al-Marrakushi (after Al-Marrakushi, Moroccan astronomer) Aloha (a Hawaiian greeting) Alpetragius (after Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi, Moroccan astronomer) Alphonsus (after Alfonso X of Castile) Alter (after Dinsmore Alter, American astronomer) Ameghino (after Fiorino Ameghino, Italian natural historian) Amici (after Giovanni Amici, Italian astronomer) Ammonius (after.
Kurt Cobain - Kurt Cobain Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 - April 5, 1994) was the lead singer of the grunge band Nirvana (together with Dave Grohl and Krist Novoselic). He was married to Courtney Love (singer/guitarist with the band Hole), with whom he had a daughter, Frances Bean Cobain. Cobain was born in Hoquiam, Washington and spent his early years in Aberdeen, Washington. He moved to the Seattle area in 1985. He was best known for the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit". He also wrote a song, "Lithium", about the medication lithium carbonate, which is used to treat bipolar disorder. Cobain was highly influential in creating and popularizing what came to be termed grunge music - a style that evolved as a reaction against the perceived superficiality.
Kurt Gödel - Kurt Gödel Kurt Gödel, pronounced somewhat like "Girdle", (April 28, 1906 - January 14, 1978) was a mathematician born in Austria-Hungary. When Austria-Hungary broke up he became Austrian citizen at age 23 and later also US citizen at age 42. He was a deep logician whose most famous work was the Incompleteness Theorem stating that any self-consistent axiomatic system powerful enough to describe integer arithmetic will allow for propositions about integers that can neither be proven nor disproven from the axioms. He also produced celebrated work on the Continuum hypothesis, showing that it cannot be disproven from the accepted set theory axioms, assuming that those axioms are consistent. Arguably, Kurt Gödel is the greatest logician of the 20th century and one of the three greatest logicians.
Kurtosis - here. Kurtosis is more commonly defined as μ4 / σ4 − 3. The minus 3 at the end of this formula is often explained as a correction to make the kurtosis of the normal distribution equal to zero. Another reason can be seen by looking at the formula for the kurtosis of the sum of random variables. If Y is the sum of n independent random variables, all with the same distribution as X, then Kurt[Y] = Kurt[X] / n, while the formula would be more complicated if kurtosis were defined as μ4 / σ4. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of zero (distributions with zero kurtosis are called mesokurtic). A distribution with positive kurtosis is called leptokurtic, and one with negative kurtosis platykurtic. For a sample of N values the sample kurtosis can is Σi(xi − μ)4 / Nσ4 − 3, where.
Kurt Vonnegut - Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut, Junior (born November 11, 1922) is an American novelist, satirist, and most recently, graphic artist. He was recognized as New York State Author for 2001-2003. He was born in Indianapolis, later the setting for many of his novels. He attended Cornell University from 1941 to 1943, where he wrote a column for the campus newspaper. Vonnegut trained as a chemist and worked as a journalist before joining the U.S. Army and serving in World War II. After the war, he attended University of Chicago as a graduate student in anthropology and also worked as a police reporter at the City News Bureau of Chicago. He left Chicago to work in Schenectady, New York in public relations for General Electric. He attributed his.
Kurt Waldheim - Kurt Waldheim Kurt Waldheim (born December 21, 1918) is an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1976 to 1981 and Federal President of Austria from 1986 to 1992. Waldheim and his wife in 2002 Born at St. Andrä-Wördern near Vienna and educated at the University of Vienna, Waldheim joined the Austrian diplomatic service in 1945, serving as First Secretary of the Legation in Paris from 1948, and in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Vienna from 1951. In 1956 he was made Ambassador to Canada, until going back to the Ministry in 1960, after which he became the Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations in 1964. From 1968 he was the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs in Austria.
Kurt Schwitters - Kurt Schwitters Kurt Schwitters (1887-1948) was a German painter, who was born in Hanover, Germany. Schwitters participated in the Dada movement during and after World War I. His particular contribution to that group was his Merz works, art pieces built up of found objects into large constructions or even what would later in the 20th century have been called 'installations'. The Sprengel Museum in Hanover has a reconstruction of the most famous of these installations called 'Merzbau' which was a redesign of Schwitters own appartement in Hanover. The Merzbau was destroyed in WW II. He composed and performed a 'Ursymphonie' of which Brian Eno used parts in his song 'Kurt's rejoiner' on his album Before and After Science. 'Merz' - according to Schwitters was part of.
Kurt Georg Kiesinger - Kurt Georg Kiesinger Kurt Georg Kiesinger (April 6, 1904 - March 9, 1988), conservative politician and Chancellor (Bundeskanzler) of the Federal Republic of Germany (December 1, 1966 - October 21, 1969). Born in Ebingen, Germany Kiesinger was educated in Berlin and became a lawyer. He joined the Nazi Party in 1933. From 1940 Kiesinger worked at the Reich foreign ministry's radio propaganda department. After the war he was interned and spent several months in the Ludwigsburg camp before being acquitted by the denazification courts. At the first post-war national elections Kiesinger joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and won a seat. In 1951 he became a member of the CDU executive board. He was appointed minister-president of the Baden-Württemberg government (December 17 1958 - December 1.
Kurt Weill - Kurt Weill Kurt Weill (March 2, 1900 - April 3, 1950) was a German composer. He was born in Dessau, Germany and died in New York. After growing up in a religious Jewish family in Germany, Weill left Nazi Germany in March 1933, moved to Paris and in 1935 further on to the United States. He married actress Lotte Lenya twice: in 1926 and, after their divorce in 1933, again in 1937. 1925 - Violin Concerto 1928 - The Threepenny Opera (Bertolt Brecht) 1929 - Happy End (Bertolt Brecht) 1930 - Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Bertolt Brecht) 1932 - The Pledge (Caspar Neher) 1933 - The Seven Deadly Sins (Bertolt Brecht) 1941 - Lady in the Dark (Moss Hart and Ira Gershwin).
Kurt Tucholsky - Kurt Tucholsky Kurt Tucholsky was a German journalist, satirist and song text writer. Born January 9, 1890 in Berlin-Moabit, he was forced to emigrate from Nazi Germany in 1933 because of his Jewish ancestry and his political and moral convictions. He committed suicide in Hindås near Göteborg on December 21, 1935 while in Swedish exile. Tucholsky, like other writers and artists of the Weimar era, had the same combination of mordant objectivity and political insight that made them mock the illusions of those who thought that everything would somehow work out for the best. His poem about the production of Danton's Death, a nineteenth century warhorse restaged in Berlin in the early twenties, only a few years after the German Revolution of 1918-19 was brought to.
Kurt Furgler - Kurt Furgler Kurt Furgler (born June 24, 1924) is a Swiss politician. He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 8, 1971 and handed over office on December 31, 1986. He is affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party. During his office time he held the following departments: Federal Department of Justice and Police (1972 - 1982) Federal Department of Economic Affairs (1983 - 1986) He was president of Switzerland three times in 1977, 1981 and 1985. Predecessor: Ludwig von Moos Successor: Arnold Koller.
Kurt and Courtney - Kurt and Courtney Kurt and Courtney is a documentary film about Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love. This is a stub article. If you know more about this topic, please add to this article..
